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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land一课一练
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land一课一练，共8页。试卷主要包含了答案与解析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．I hld the firm belief that yu are ________ (一定会) t achieve yur dream f being admitted t a key university.
2．Just take this pprtunity t fully enjy beautiful ________ (风景)and clrful culture.
3．Misunderstanding is likely t ________ (出现)if peple fail t cmmunicate with each ther.
4．Qingda is a beautiful castal city and als ne f the mst imprtant ________ (海港) in China.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The interviewee ________ (arise) frm the chair immediately when the bss entered the rm.
2．Dn't give up! After passing ne mre test, and then anther, yu will be bund ________ (succeed).
3．The flwers gave ff a ________ (please) smell, which made us cheerful.
4．Many peple find it difficult t get ut f a nice warm bed n a ________ (freeze) mrning.
5．________ is knwn t all, the medals fr the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics were named “Tngxin”， meaning “Tgether as ne”．
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
take ne's breath away, all the way, a bunch f, be hme t, in additin t
1．T catch the last bus, he ran ____________， withut stpping t catch his breath.
2．This place was s beautiful, and everywhere she went she saw smething that ____________．
3．The cuntry ____________ many places f interest, like the Seine River as well as the Eiffel Twer.
4．The English teacher wn first prize in the lecture cntest, s her students gave her ____________ flwers.
5．____________ the 81 psitive cmments, 26 students had neutral (中立的), mixed, negative r fftpic views.
Ⅳ.语法填空
Visiting Trnt's Chinatwn can be an 1.________ (excite) experience fr anyne. There are a number f shps, restaurants, 2.________ (activity) and histric mnuments. Yu will be able t kick back, relax, and spend the whle weekend at Chinatwn withut 3.________ (have) t wrry. This is 4.________ the atmsphere is very laid back, and relaxed.
Taste sme f the Chinese culture when yu visit ne f the finest restaurants that Chinatwn has t ffer. They ffer nly the 5.________ (fresh) ingredients, and ensure that yu leave their restaurant 6.________ (feel) happy and full. This is essential when finding a great place t eat after a lng day f walking thrugh Chinatwn's streets. Chse yur favurite Chinatwn restaurant, 7.________ visit again fr mre wnderful fd.
There is smething fr everyne in Chinatwn. Yu can bring the whle family. Chinatwn is pen t all guests f all ages. 8.________ yu wuld rather nt leave fr the day, then 9.________ (stay) at ne f the best htels in Chinatwn. They are clean, affrdable, and yu can rest easy knwing yu're in gd hands. Check ut Trnt's Chinatwn tday, yu will leave feeling refreshed, knwledgeable, well fed, and mst f all yu can have sme gdies 10.________ (bring) hme fr everyne.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
With its snwcvered muntains and a variety f wildlife, Yellwstne Natinal Park is ne f the scenic treasures f the United States. Lcated primarily in Wyming, the park hsts millins f visitrs every year. If yu plan t travel within the park, keep in mind the advice frm the Natinal Park Service.
Seasnal Travel
Travel varies vastly frm seasn t seasn. Rads are generally pen in the summer except fr cases f rck r mud slides, wild fires, accidents r rad cnstructin. Early snws in the fall can cause sme rads t clse temprarily. In the winter almst all rads are clsed t mtr vehicles, but snwmbiles and ther snw vehicles with tracks are allwed. Rads begin t pen in the spring by the latter part f April but may clse if snwfall cntinues.
Driving Time
Grand Lp Rad is the main rad thrugh Yellwstne Natinal Park, and it passes by mst f the majr attractins. These include Old Faithful, Yellwstne Lake and the Grand Canyn f Yellwstne. The maximum speed limit n the Grand Lp is 45 miles per hur, but the speed limit drps during sme f the winding and twisty sectins f this narrw rad. Allw yurself at least tw days t fully travel the lp due t the size f the park and ccasinally heavy traffic.
Safety Awareness
Buffales ften blck the rads in the park as they migrate thrugh the fields. If a herd is traveling acrss the rad yu are n, yu can either wait fr them t pass r find an alternative rute. If yu get ut f yur vehicle, yu shuld stay at least 25 yards frm any buffal (and 100 yards r mre away frm bears and wlves). Buffales are particularly unpredictable and charge peple at speeds up t 30 mph.
Yu can take yur bicycle n any public rads and rutes designed fr bikes, but bicycles are nt allwed n the park rads which are narrw with few shulders. Elevatins range frm 5, 300 t 8，860 feet. The Natinal Park Service recmmends that cyclists wear helmets and nticeable clthing.
1．What d we knw abut traveling in the Yellwstne Park?
A．Rads will stay pen in spite f emergency.
B．Traffic jam is actually a rare thing.
C．The driving speed n the rad can be 50 mph.
D．Mtr vehicles are allwed in the winter.
2．What safety advice des the Natinal Park Service ffer?
A．Under n circumstances culd yu get ut f the car.
B．Keep ging frward when cming acrss buffales.
C．D wear easytsee clthes while bicycling.
D．Bicycling is frbidden n the public rads.
3．Where can yu prbably find this article?
A．In a guidebk.
B．In a gegraphy textbk.
C．In a research paper.
D．In a cmmercial advertisement.
B
The prliferatin (激增) f fires in the Amazn rainfrest drew internatinal attentin in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macrn called fr urgent actin.Since then, the eyes f the wrld have shifted elsewhere as Huse Demcrats launched an impeachment (弹劾) inquiry against President Dnald Trump.
Meanwhile, the Amazn cntinued t burn.The number f fires decreased by 35% in September 2019, but experts say this is merely a slwdwn in a crisis with glbal repercussins (反响).There were still 19, 925 fire utbreaks in September 2019 n the Brazilian part f the rainfrest, which accunts fr nearly 65% f the Amazn basin.Mrever, thrugh the first nine mnths f 2019, the number f fires sared by 41% cmpared t the same perid in 2018, Brazil's Natinal Institute fr Space Research (INPE) reprted.
Higher rainfall ttals than usual since the beginning f September 2019 and measures taken under munting pressure by Brazilian President Jair Blsnar—wh deplyed the military t the Amazn and impsed a twmnth ban n clearing land thrugh fires—cntributed t the burning decline.
“The factrs that led t such widespread fires in the first place—decreased enfrcement f frest law, illegal defrestatin fr agriculture and invasin f native territries—remain in place，”said Nigel Sizer, Chief Prgram Officer fr the advcacy rganizatin Rainfrest Alliance. “It is gd news that there are fewer fires in the Amazn right nw, but this is a shrtterm pause frm the larger prblem.”
That prblem centers n defrestatin thrugh systematically chpping dwn trees, which are either lgged r burned, mstly t cnvert the land fr raising cattle and grwing crps.The practice has expanded frm a small scale t an industrial prductin, leading t abut 20% f the Brazilian Amazn having been cleared since 1970.
4．Wh raised internatinal attentin t the prliferatin f fires in the Amazn rainfrest?
A．Emmanuel Macrn.
B．Dnald Trump.
C．Nigel Sizer.
D．Jair Blsnar.
5．What's the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．There are mre fires in Amazn nw than ever befre.
B．There were mre fires in Amazn in August 2019 than in September 2019.
C．The prliferatin f fires cvers mst f the wide area in Amazn.
D．The fires in the Amazn rainfrest is still burning with internatinal attentin.
6．What's the main cause f the widespread fires in the Amazn rainfrest?
A．Decreased enfrcement f frest law.
B．Invasin f native territries.
C．Serius defrestatin fr agriculture.
D．The shrtterm pause f the prliferatin f fires.
7．Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A．A bilgy textbk.
B．A gardening magazine.
C．A newspaper.
D．A travel brchure.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
After a lng day at wrk, cming hme is a breath f fresh air. Hme is a cmfrtable place t sit back and relax.__1____ Belw are a number f things we can d t create a healthy hme envirnment that will help t ease the wrkday stress and prmte ur physical and mental health.
Cleaning the huse regularly is the first thing we shuld d. It may seem like a tiring thing t clean but there is a reasn fr ding s. We can remve dust by cleaning the huse. Leaving layers f dust everywhere means that there is a buildup f dust. And where d these layers f dust g？__2__ Making sure the rms are full f sunlight is als imprtant. We may nt realize it but sunlight is an imprtant part f ur grwth. We all knw that sunlight prmtes better wrking cnditins. __3__ Think abut using a Parans system where sunlight des nt reach. This technlgy gathers the sunlight by using slar panels(板). It can send ut sunlight wherever we are.
__4__ Ging green will help t remve txins (毒素) in the air. They als give ff xygen, which can lwer stress and imprve ur mds.
Alng the lines f being green, it can als be vital t think abut what things we are bringing int the huse. Try t avid specific plastics that are harmful t health. __5__ They may cntain pisnus chemicals that can be breathed in, r simply absrbed thrugh the skin.
A．Int ur lungs.
B．Hwever, is it as healthy as it can be?
C．Is ur hme as cmfrtable as it used t be?
D．The same thing applies t certain carpets and paint.
E．It is als a gd idea t add mre plants in ur huse.
F．Besides, it can reduce bth stress and high bld pressure.
G．It is acknwledged that a greener lifestyle is linked t better health.
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sun Yang wn men's 400m freestyle in FINA Champins Swim Series n January 15 in Shenzhen.“My 400m free remains smth all the time, shwing that my training is 1.________ (effect). My gal this year is 2.________ (win) at the Olympic Games，” said Sun, wh lst t Rapsys 3.________ 0.03 in 200m freestyle n Tuesday. The wrld tpclass athlete 4.________ (perfect) shwed his dminant pwer in the 400m freestyle event in frnt f all his hme fans, 5.________ (suggest) that he was aiming high fr the upcming Tky Olympic Games.
Liu Xiang bagged her secnd gld medal in the 50m freestyle in 24.04. “I gt 6.________ cld after I arrived here three days ag, 7.________ I did nt expect t win with a time equaling my persnal best，” said Liu. S far, China 8.________ (cllect) 9 gld medals as the biggest winner.
Accrding t FINA fficial website, the brandnew “FINA Champins Swim Series” is since 2019 a circuit 9.________ (gather) the tp athletes f the sprt, and it has an riginal 10.________ (cmpete) frmat including finals with nly fur swimmers.
课时作业(一) Reading and Thinking
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．bund 2.scenery 3.arise 4.harburs
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：arse 考查动词时态。该句为主从复合句，设空处作主句的谓语，由从句中的entered可知主句也应用一般过去时，arise的过去式为arse。故填arse。
2．答案与解析：t succeed 考查动词不定式。be bund t d sth.一定会做某事。故填t succeed。
3．答案与解析：pleasant/pleasing 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后名词smell，应用形容词，此处指令人愉快的气味。故填形容词pleasant或pleasing。
4．答案与解析：freezing 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后名词mrning，应用形容词，此处指在一个极冷的早晨。故填形容词freezing。
5．答案与解析：As 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。第一个逗号前后是两个句子，且中间无并列连词，逗号前的句子缺少主语，故推测空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，此处指众所周知，应是As is knwn t all。故填As。
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
1．all the way 2.tk her breath away 3.is hme t
4．a bunch f 5.In additin t
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多伦多的唐人街。
1．答案与解析：exciting 考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词，表示“令人兴奋的”，所以填exciting。
2．答案与解析：activities 考查名词复数。activity是可数名词，根据前面的名词shps等可知，该词也要用复数形式。
3．答案与解析：having 考查非谓语动词。withut是介词，后接动词时要用ing形式。
4．答案与解析：because 考查表语从句。所填的词引导表语从句，后面是原因，所以填because。
5．答案与解析：freshest 考查形容词的最高级。fresh是形容词，根据前面的the可知要用最高级。
6．答案与解析：feeling 考查非谓语动词。所填的词是非谓语动词，在句中作伴随状语，所以填feeling。
7．答案与解析：and 考查连词。所填的词连接两个祈使句，是并列关系，所以填and。
8．答案与解析：If 考查从属连词。根据句意可知，所填的词引导条件状语从句，所以填If。
9．答案与解析：stay 考查祈使句。所填的词作谓语，前面没有主语，是祈使句，所以用动词原形。
10．答案与解析：t bring 考查非谓语动词。所填的词作定语，修饰gdies，要用动词不定式。
关键能力综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国黄石国家公园服务中心为参观者提供的几条建议。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据Seasnal Travel 部分中的第二句可知，发生岩崩或泥石流、森林火灾、事故或道路建设时，道路不开放。故A项(尽管有紧急情况，道路也会开放)是错误的。根据Driving Time部分中的第三句可知，主路限速45英里/小时，在窄路的弯道处限速更低，故C项错误。根据Seasnal Travel部分中的第四句可知，冬天几乎所有道路都不对摩托车开放，故D项错误。根据Driving Time部分最后一句中的“ccasinally heavy traffic”可知，黄石公园很少有堵车情况。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据关键词safety可定位到文中Safety Awareness部分；再根据该部分最后一段的最后一句可知，服务中心建议骑手戴安全帽、穿显眼的衣服。故选C项。
3．答案与解析：A 文章出处题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文介绍了黄石国家公园服务中心为游客提供的几条建议，故本文应摘自旅游指南手册。故选A项。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，2019年8月份亚马孙雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所减少，但是亚马孙雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马孙雨林开展灭火工作；对森林法的执行降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毁林和对本土的入侵仍然是导致大火的因素，但造成大火的主要原因是滥伐森林。
4．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，亚马孙雨林大火的激增引起了国际关注，特别是当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，即马克龙把国际的注意力引向了大火，故选A项。
5．答案与解析：D 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，2019年9月亚马孙雨林的火灾数量下降了35%，但专家称这仅仅是在全球的间接影响下处于危机之中的一种减缓而已，亚马孙雨林仍在燃烧，故选D项。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，对森林法执行的降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毁林以及对本土的入侵等导致了森林火灾；又结合第五段首句可知，该问题以系统地砍伐树木而造成的滥伐森林为中心，故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：C 文章出处题。根据第一段和第三段的内容可知，法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动，美国总统特朗普遭弹劾，巴西总统博索纳罗部署军队，又根据文中列举的数据可推知，本文可能摘自报纸。故C项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。日常生活中，怎样才能让我们自己生活得健康、愉快呢？作者就此问题给出了宝贵的建议：营造一个“健康之家”。
1．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Hme is a cmfrtable place t sit back and relax.”和下文内容可知，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，引出“健康之家”的概念，也引出下文提到的如何营造“健康之家”，B项符合语境。
2．答案与解析：A 上文“And where d these layers f dust g？”是一个问句，A项“进入了我们的肺”，能恰当地回答前面的问句“这层层的灰尘去了哪儿？”。
3．答案与解析：F 根据“We all knw that sunlight prmtes better wrking cnditins.”可知，空前主要在讲阳光的好处，F项“此外，它(阳光)还能减轻压力和缓解高血压”也是介绍阳光的好处。F项中的代词it也是答题的线索词之一。
4．答案与解析：E 此处需要一个段落主旨句。“Ging green”是一个关键的信息词，且空后提到消除空气中的毒素，释放氧气，故可判断本段主要讲室内的绿化问题，且E项中的“plants”正是此段最后一句中“They”的指代对象。
5．答案与解析：D 空前讲到“有害塑料”问题，而且D项讲到某些地毯和油漆。根据常识可知地毯和油漆可能会含有有害健康的化学物质，与语境相符合。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孙杨和刘湘在国际泳联冠军游泳系列赛获得冠军。
1．答案与解析：effective 考查形容词。根据前面的名词“my training”和be动词“is”可知，此处应用形容词。故填effective。
2．答案与解析：t win 考查非谓语动词。句意：我今年的目标是在奥运会上获胜。分析句子可知，此处表示目的，所以用t＋动词原形。故填t win。
3．答案与解析：by 考查介词。句意：在周二的200米自由泳以0.03输给了拉普西斯。在比赛中以多少分输给了对方一般用介词by。故填by。
4．答案与解析：perfectly 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰后面的动词shwed。故填perfectly。
5．答案与解析：suggesting 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的谓语动词shwed可知，此处应用非谓语动词，用现在分词引导状语从句。故填suggesting。
6．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。get a cld是固定短语，意为“感冒”。故填a。
7．答案与解析：s 考查连词。句意：我三天前来这里后感冒了，所以我没想到能在个人最好成绩上扳平比分。根据句意可知，这两个分句之间是因果关系，所以用s。故填s。
8．答案与解析：has cllected 考查时态和主谓一致。时间状语s far与现在完成时连用，所以此处应用现在完成时。故填has cllected。
9．答案与解析：gathering 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的谓语动词is可知，此处应用非谓语动词；circuit与动词gather之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填gathering。
10．答案与解析：cmpetitin 考查名词。根据前面的形容词“riginal”可知，此处应用名词。故填cmpetitin。
必备知识基础练
进阶训练第一层
关键能力综合练
进阶训练第二层
1．I hld the firm belief that yu are ________ (一定会) t achieve yur dream f being admitted t a key university.
2．Just take this pprtunity t fully enjy beautiful ________ (风景)and clrful culture.
3．Misunderstanding is likely t ________ (出现)if peple fail t cmmunicate with each ther.
4．Qingda is a beautiful castal city and als ne f the mst imprtant ________ (海港) in China.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The interviewee ________ (arise) frm the chair immediately when the bss entered the rm.
2．Dn't give up! After passing ne mre test, and then anther, yu will be bund ________ (succeed).
3．The flwers gave ff a ________ (please) smell, which made us cheerful.
4．Many peple find it difficult t get ut f a nice warm bed n a ________ (freeze) mrning.
5．________ is knwn t all, the medals fr the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics were named “Tngxin”， meaning “Tgether as ne”．
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
take ne's breath away, all the way, a bunch f, be hme t, in additin t
1．T catch the last bus, he ran ____________， withut stpping t catch his breath.
2．This place was s beautiful, and everywhere she went she saw smething that ____________．
3．The cuntry ____________ many places f interest, like the Seine River as well as the Eiffel Twer.
4．The English teacher wn first prize in the lecture cntest, s her students gave her ____________ flwers.
5．____________ the 81 psitive cmments, 26 students had neutral (中立的), mixed, negative r fftpic views.
Ⅳ.语法填空
Visiting Trnt's Chinatwn can be an 1.________ (excite) experience fr anyne. There are a number f shps, restaurants, 2.________ (activity) and histric mnuments. Yu will be able t kick back, relax, and spend the whle weekend at Chinatwn withut 3.________ (have) t wrry. This is 4.________ the atmsphere is very laid back, and relaxed.
Taste sme f the Chinese culture when yu visit ne f the finest restaurants that Chinatwn has t ffer. They ffer nly the 5.________ (fresh) ingredients, and ensure that yu leave their restaurant 6.________ (feel) happy and full. This is essential when finding a great place t eat after a lng day f walking thrugh Chinatwn's streets. Chse yur favurite Chinatwn restaurant, 7.________ visit again fr mre wnderful fd.
There is smething fr everyne in Chinatwn. Yu can bring the whle family. Chinatwn is pen t all guests f all ages. 8.________ yu wuld rather nt leave fr the day, then 9.________ (stay) at ne f the best htels in Chinatwn. They are clean, affrdable, and yu can rest easy knwing yu're in gd hands. Check ut Trnt's Chinatwn tday, yu will leave feeling refreshed, knwledgeable, well fed, and mst f all yu can have sme gdies 10.________ (bring) hme fr everyne.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
With its snwcvered muntains and a variety f wildlife, Yellwstne Natinal Park is ne f the scenic treasures f the United States. Lcated primarily in Wyming, the park hsts millins f visitrs every year. If yu plan t travel within the park, keep in mind the advice frm the Natinal Park Service.
Seasnal Travel
Travel varies vastly frm seasn t seasn. Rads are generally pen in the summer except fr cases f rck r mud slides, wild fires, accidents r rad cnstructin. Early snws in the fall can cause sme rads t clse temprarily. In the winter almst all rads are clsed t mtr vehicles, but snwmbiles and ther snw vehicles with tracks are allwed. Rads begin t pen in the spring by the latter part f April but may clse if snwfall cntinues.
Driving Time
Grand Lp Rad is the main rad thrugh Yellwstne Natinal Park, and it passes by mst f the majr attractins. These include Old Faithful, Yellwstne Lake and the Grand Canyn f Yellwstne. The maximum speed limit n the Grand Lp is 45 miles per hur, but the speed limit drps during sme f the winding and twisty sectins f this narrw rad. Allw yurself at least tw days t fully travel the lp due t the size f the park and ccasinally heavy traffic.
Safety Awareness
Buffales ften blck the rads in the park as they migrate thrugh the fields. If a herd is traveling acrss the rad yu are n, yu can either wait fr them t pass r find an alternative rute. If yu get ut f yur vehicle, yu shuld stay at least 25 yards frm any buffal (and 100 yards r mre away frm bears and wlves). Buffales are particularly unpredictable and charge peple at speeds up t 30 mph.
Yu can take yur bicycle n any public rads and rutes designed fr bikes, but bicycles are nt allwed n the park rads which are narrw with few shulders. Elevatins range frm 5, 300 t 8，860 feet. The Natinal Park Service recmmends that cyclists wear helmets and nticeable clthing.
1．What d we knw abut traveling in the Yellwstne Park?
A．Rads will stay pen in spite f emergency.
B．Traffic jam is actually a rare thing.
C．The driving speed n the rad can be 50 mph.
D．Mtr vehicles are allwed in the winter.
2．What safety advice des the Natinal Park Service ffer?
A．Under n circumstances culd yu get ut f the car.
B．Keep ging frward when cming acrss buffales.
C．D wear easytsee clthes while bicycling.
D．Bicycling is frbidden n the public rads.
3．Where can yu prbably find this article?
A．In a guidebk.
B．In a gegraphy textbk.
C．In a research paper.
D．In a cmmercial advertisement.
B
The prliferatin (激增) f fires in the Amazn rainfrest drew internatinal attentin in August 2019, especially when French President Emmanuel Macrn called fr urgent actin.Since then, the eyes f the wrld have shifted elsewhere as Huse Demcrats launched an impeachment (弹劾) inquiry against President Dnald Trump.
Meanwhile, the Amazn cntinued t burn.The number f fires decreased by 35% in September 2019, but experts say this is merely a slwdwn in a crisis with glbal repercussins (反响).There were still 19, 925 fire utbreaks in September 2019 n the Brazilian part f the rainfrest, which accunts fr nearly 65% f the Amazn basin.Mrever, thrugh the first nine mnths f 2019, the number f fires sared by 41% cmpared t the same perid in 2018, Brazil's Natinal Institute fr Space Research (INPE) reprted.
Higher rainfall ttals than usual since the beginning f September 2019 and measures taken under munting pressure by Brazilian President Jair Blsnar—wh deplyed the military t the Amazn and impsed a twmnth ban n clearing land thrugh fires—cntributed t the burning decline.
“The factrs that led t such widespread fires in the first place—decreased enfrcement f frest law, illegal defrestatin fr agriculture and invasin f native territries—remain in place，”said Nigel Sizer, Chief Prgram Officer fr the advcacy rganizatin Rainfrest Alliance. “It is gd news that there are fewer fires in the Amazn right nw, but this is a shrtterm pause frm the larger prblem.”
That prblem centers n defrestatin thrugh systematically chpping dwn trees, which are either lgged r burned, mstly t cnvert the land fr raising cattle and grwing crps.The practice has expanded frm a small scale t an industrial prductin, leading t abut 20% f the Brazilian Amazn having been cleared since 1970.
4．Wh raised internatinal attentin t the prliferatin f fires in the Amazn rainfrest?
A．Emmanuel Macrn.
B．Dnald Trump.
C．Nigel Sizer.
D．Jair Blsnar.
5．What's the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．There are mre fires in Amazn nw than ever befre.
B．There were mre fires in Amazn in August 2019 than in September 2019.
C．The prliferatin f fires cvers mst f the wide area in Amazn.
D．The fires in the Amazn rainfrest is still burning with internatinal attentin.
6．What's the main cause f the widespread fires in the Amazn rainfrest?
A．Decreased enfrcement f frest law.
B．Invasin f native territries.
C．Serius defrestatin fr agriculture.
D．The shrtterm pause f the prliferatin f fires.
7．Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A．A bilgy textbk.
B．A gardening magazine.
C．A newspaper.
D．A travel brchure.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
After a lng day at wrk, cming hme is a breath f fresh air. Hme is a cmfrtable place t sit back and relax.__1____ Belw are a number f things we can d t create a healthy hme envirnment that will help t ease the wrkday stress and prmte ur physical and mental health.
Cleaning the huse regularly is the first thing we shuld d. It may seem like a tiring thing t clean but there is a reasn fr ding s. We can remve dust by cleaning the huse. Leaving layers f dust everywhere means that there is a buildup f dust. And where d these layers f dust g？__2__ Making sure the rms are full f sunlight is als imprtant. We may nt realize it but sunlight is an imprtant part f ur grwth. We all knw that sunlight prmtes better wrking cnditins. __3__ Think abut using a Parans system where sunlight des nt reach. This technlgy gathers the sunlight by using slar panels(板). It can send ut sunlight wherever we are.
__4__ Ging green will help t remve txins (毒素) in the air. They als give ff xygen, which can lwer stress and imprve ur mds.
Alng the lines f being green, it can als be vital t think abut what things we are bringing int the huse. Try t avid specific plastics that are harmful t health. __5__ They may cntain pisnus chemicals that can be breathed in, r simply absrbed thrugh the skin.
A．Int ur lungs.
B．Hwever, is it as healthy as it can be?
C．Is ur hme as cmfrtable as it used t be?
D．The same thing applies t certain carpets and paint.
E．It is als a gd idea t add mre plants in ur huse.
F．Besides, it can reduce bth stress and high bld pressure.
G．It is acknwledged that a greener lifestyle is linked t better health.
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sun Yang wn men's 400m freestyle in FINA Champins Swim Series n January 15 in Shenzhen.“My 400m free remains smth all the time, shwing that my training is 1.________ (effect). My gal this year is 2.________ (win) at the Olympic Games，” said Sun, wh lst t Rapsys 3.________ 0.03 in 200m freestyle n Tuesday. The wrld tpclass athlete 4.________ (perfect) shwed his dminant pwer in the 400m freestyle event in frnt f all his hme fans, 5.________ (suggest) that he was aiming high fr the upcming Tky Olympic Games.
Liu Xiang bagged her secnd gld medal in the 50m freestyle in 24.04. “I gt 6.________ cld after I arrived here three days ag, 7.________ I did nt expect t win with a time equaling my persnal best，” said Liu. S far, China 8.________ (cllect) 9 gld medals as the biggest winner.
Accrding t FINA fficial website, the brandnew “FINA Champins Swim Series” is since 2019 a circuit 9.________ (gather) the tp athletes f the sprt, and it has an riginal 10.________ (cmpete) frmat including finals with nly fur swimmers.
课时作业(一) Reading and Thinking
必备知识基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．bund 2.scenery 3.arise 4.harburs
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．答案与解析：arse 考查动词时态。该句为主从复合句，设空处作主句的谓语，由从句中的entered可知主句也应用一般过去时，arise的过去式为arse。故填arse。
2．答案与解析：t succeed 考查动词不定式。be bund t d sth.一定会做某事。故填t succeed。
3．答案与解析：pleasant/pleasing 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后名词smell，应用形容词，此处指令人愉快的气味。故填形容词pleasant或pleasing。
4．答案与解析：freezing 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后名词mrning，应用形容词，此处指在一个极冷的早晨。故填形容词freezing。
5．答案与解析：As 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。第一个逗号前后是两个句子，且中间无并列连词，逗号前的句子缺少主语，故推测空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，此处指众所周知，应是As is knwn t all。故填As。
Ⅲ.用所给短语的适当形式填空
1．all the way 2.tk her breath away 3.is hme t
4．a bunch f 5.In additin t
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多伦多的唐人街。
1．答案与解析：exciting 考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词，表示“令人兴奋的”，所以填exciting。
2．答案与解析：activities 考查名词复数。activity是可数名词，根据前面的名词shps等可知，该词也要用复数形式。
3．答案与解析：having 考查非谓语动词。withut是介词，后接动词时要用ing形式。
4．答案与解析：because 考查表语从句。所填的词引导表语从句，后面是原因，所以填because。
5．答案与解析：freshest 考查形容词的最高级。fresh是形容词，根据前面的the可知要用最高级。
6．答案与解析：feeling 考查非谓语动词。所填的词是非谓语动词，在句中作伴随状语，所以填feeling。
7．答案与解析：and 考查连词。所填的词连接两个祈使句，是并列关系，所以填and。
8．答案与解析：If 考查从属连词。根据句意可知，所填的词引导条件状语从句，所以填If。
9．答案与解析：stay 考查祈使句。所填的词作谓语，前面没有主语，是祈使句，所以用动词原形。
10．答案与解析：t bring 考查非谓语动词。所填的词作定语，修饰gdies，要用动词不定式。
关键能力综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国黄石国家公园服务中心为参观者提供的几条建议。
1．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据Seasnal Travel 部分中的第二句可知，发生岩崩或泥石流、森林火灾、事故或道路建设时，道路不开放。故A项(尽管有紧急情况，道路也会开放)是错误的。根据Driving Time部分中的第三句可知，主路限速45英里/小时，在窄路的弯道处限速更低，故C项错误。根据Seasnal Travel部分中的第四句可知，冬天几乎所有道路都不对摩托车开放，故D项错误。根据Driving Time部分最后一句中的“ccasinally heavy traffic”可知，黄石公园很少有堵车情况。
2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据关键词safety可定位到文中Safety Awareness部分；再根据该部分最后一段的最后一句可知，服务中心建议骑手戴安全帽、穿显眼的衣服。故选C项。
3．答案与解析：A 文章出处题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文介绍了黄石国家公园服务中心为游客提供的几条建议，故本文应摘自旅游指南手册。故选A项。
B
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，2019年8月份亚马孙雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所减少，但是亚马孙雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马孙雨林开展灭火工作；对森林法的执行降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毁林和对本土的入侵仍然是导致大火的因素，但造成大火的主要原因是滥伐森林。
4．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，亚马孙雨林大火的激增引起了国际关注，特别是当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，即马克龙把国际的注意力引向了大火，故选A项。
5．答案与解析：D 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，2019年9月亚马孙雨林的火灾数量下降了35%，但专家称这仅仅是在全球的间接影响下处于危机之中的一种减缓而已，亚马孙雨林仍在燃烧，故选D项。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，对森林法执行的降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毁林以及对本土的入侵等导致了森林火灾；又结合第五段首句可知，该问题以系统地砍伐树木而造成的滥伐森林为中心，故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：C 文章出处题。根据第一段和第三段的内容可知，法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动，美国总统特朗普遭弹劾，巴西总统博索纳罗部署军队，又根据文中列举的数据可推知，本文可能摘自报纸。故C项正确。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。日常生活中，怎样才能让我们自己生活得健康、愉快呢？作者就此问题给出了宝贵的建议：营造一个“健康之家”。
1．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Hme is a cmfrtable place t sit back and relax.”和下文内容可知，此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句，引出“健康之家”的概念，也引出下文提到的如何营造“健康之家”，B项符合语境。
2．答案与解析：A 上文“And where d these layers f dust g？”是一个问句，A项“进入了我们的肺”，能恰当地回答前面的问句“这层层的灰尘去了哪儿？”。
3．答案与解析：F 根据“We all knw that sunlight prmtes better wrking cnditins.”可知，空前主要在讲阳光的好处，F项“此外，它(阳光)还能减轻压力和缓解高血压”也是介绍阳光的好处。F项中的代词it也是答题的线索词之一。
4．答案与解析：E 此处需要一个段落主旨句。“Ging green”是一个关键的信息词，且空后提到消除空气中的毒素，释放氧气，故可判断本段主要讲室内的绿化问题，且E项中的“plants”正是此段最后一句中“They”的指代对象。
5．答案与解析：D 空前讲到“有害塑料”问题，而且D项讲到某些地毯和油漆。根据常识可知地毯和油漆可能会含有有害健康的化学物质，与语境相符合。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了孙杨和刘湘在国际泳联冠军游泳系列赛获得冠军。
1．答案与解析：effective 考查形容词。根据前面的名词“my training”和be动词“is”可知，此处应用形容词。故填effective。
2．答案与解析：t win 考查非谓语动词。句意：我今年的目标是在奥运会上获胜。分析句子可知，此处表示目的，所以用t＋动词原形。故填t win。
3．答案与解析：by 考查介词。句意：在周二的200米自由泳以0.03输给了拉普西斯。在比赛中以多少分输给了对方一般用介词by。故填by。
4．答案与解析：perfectly 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰后面的动词shwed。故填perfectly。
5．答案与解析：suggesting 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的谓语动词shwed可知，此处应用非谓语动词，用现在分词引导状语从句。故填suggesting。
6．答案与解析：a 考查冠词。get a cld是固定短语，意为“感冒”。故填a。
7．答案与解析：s 考查连词。句意：我三天前来这里后感冒了，所以我没想到能在个人最好成绩上扳平比分。根据句意可知，这两个分句之间是因果关系，所以用s。故填s。
8．答案与解析：has cllected 考查时态和主谓一致。时间状语s far与现在完成时连用，所以此处应用现在完成时。故填has cllected。
9．答案与解析：gathering 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的谓语动词is可知，此处应用非谓语动词；circuit与动词gather之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填gathering。
10．答案与解析：cmpetitin 考查名词。根据前面的形容词“riginal”可知，此处应用名词。故填cmpetitin。
必备知识基础练
进阶训练第一层
关键能力综合练
进阶训练第二层
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