考点19 难点题型（四）首字母填空-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习（上海专用）

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考点19 难点题型（四）首字母填空上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计发现考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。 考向一、首字母填空解题技巧：1. 通读短文，了解大意；2. 判断句子成分；3. 确定空格单词词性；4. 联系上下文，找线索，推测答案；5. 通读短文，检查答案。注意语法问题； 考向二、解题技巧详解从句子成分角度分析一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语、补语等。          对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。注意名词单复数。【随堂测练1】(1)      The I________ brings us closer than before.(2)      Doing some r________ before the test is necessary.(3)      Three r________ happened yesterday. But today all the robbers have been caught by the police.(4)      The children are all working in the classroom. Some of them are cleaning the windows and o_______ are sweeping the floor. 此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。eg: The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。          对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。注意时态的问题。【随堂测练2】(1)      My mum always e________ me to be a brave boy when I was young.(2)      This kind of new mobile phone costs so much that I can hardly a________ one.(3)      Knowing more than one language i ________ your knowledge of other cultures.(4)      The students in our school always c________ about the food.时态:  ①   一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式②   一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式③   现在进行时：考虑动词的现在分词形式④   现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式          对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词，代词，动名词。【随堂测练3】(1)      The doctors are busy o________ on the seriously injured man at the moment.(2)      If you feel nervous, take a deep b________ and I'm sure you'll feel better.(3)      He had to make a c________ between studying in Shanghai and going abroad.(4)      If you meet with any d________, you can ask me for help.          对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。【随堂测练4】(1)      He is p________ of his daughter, for she always gets A grades in all subjects.(2)      The sick man is getting w________. Maybe he will die soon.(3)      Such cold weather is quite u________ in May and people have to wear warm clothes again. (4)      She was a________ a big prize for her hard work.          对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。【随堂测练5】(1)      I’ve been used to the c________ weather in London.(2)      The visit to Chongming Island was really u________, it left us a sweet memory.(3)      That’s only my p________ opinion. Everyone is welcome to share yours.(4)      The French artist said, “It is my f_______ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much.”          对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。【随堂测练6】(1)      The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so e________. She remembered it was hard.(2)      I thought I was wrong. A________, it is a wise decision.(3)      B________, you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one?(4)      As you climb, your partner pulls you climbing rope t________ something called a belay device (绳索控制器).          对连词的判断:并列连词and, but, or, so , not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor, as well as, both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 从属连词although/though /because/ if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/...等连接从句。因此，首字母中一个句子中有从句的话，就考虑从属连词。【随堂测练7】(1)      Work harder, a________ you’ll make great progress in English.(2)      My job is to protect the innocent as well a________ find the guilty.(3)      A ________Walt Disney made many of his most famous movies many years ago, they are as popular now as they were when he made them.(4)      You will fail in the exam u ________ you study harder than before. 其他做题思路：          依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如:W ________ his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. 从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”， with his help.          依据语法知识进行填词：如: These people often have thin walls which can’t s ________ the noise from next door.根据句意我们了解道墙壁很薄，所以不能阻止隔壁的噪音。根据中考词组“stop…from”，所以填stop。          依据常识的积累进行填词：如:But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S________.” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S          .”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.          依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如：One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend’s house happily. He wanted to p ________ his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.    （2022春·上海徐汇·九年级统考期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。If you suffer from shyness (羞怯), you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon.It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes.The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller families, with f____1____ relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A s____2____ environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study made in Japan, 57 percent of people rated (评估) t____3____ as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, a person’s s____4____ is credited externally to (表面上归因于) parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on ( 完全归咎于) the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely i____5____ on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has r____6____ from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have taken the place of recreational activities that involve social interaction (涉及交际互动) for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants and shop assistants are no longer n____7____ because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.  （2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。 Cell phones have become one of the most useful devices in the past half century. The first cell phone had only one use—calling someone. Today’s smart-phones are really minicomputers that allow users to do many things at once. People can send t___8___ and emails, listen to music, take pictures and videos, and find information online.Cell phones are perfect for learning in school. For example, students can find information on the Internet, s___9___ math problems and share notes. They can use calendars and alarms for reminders about homework, projects, and tests. They can even share ideas on social media.Some schools don’t allow cell phones b___10___ they think the phones can distract students from their work. Some teachers worry that students won’t pay attention and will need to be reminded to put down their phones. They also worry that students will spend lunches and recess playing games or using social media. Kids could miss out on quality time spent with friends.Teachers and parents also worry about students using phones to cheat on tests or bully others. Cheating is unfair and does not help students learn. Bullying h___11___ classmates. Studies show that younger students are more likely to be bulled if they have cell phones.However, researchers have found that most parents and teachers want students to have phones. It is important for parents and children to be able to keep in touch. Teachers like using phones during lessons because students are more interested and pay c___12___ attention.Many teachers feel that the benefits outweigh the problems if students learn to use the cell phones c___13___ . Teachers and parents can teach kids to use cell phones in a safe way that helps them learn new things. In class, phones should be s___14___ and used only for lessons. Students should also track time spent on their phones and avoid using them too much. Students should be allowed to use cell phones in school. Setting good ground rules can improve learning for everyone.  （2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市西南位育中学校考期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (首字母填空，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) New York City’s police department (NYPD) has decided to return a robot dog. Though the robot worked well, it upset many people. Some thought it was “creepy (吓人的)”. Others w____15____ that it would invade (侵犯) their privacy.Spot is a dog-shaped robot built by a tech company. The robot has four legs, so even on rough ground it can move e____16____. Instead of a head, the robot has a camera. It also has a microphone and a speaker, and people can control it from a distance.In December, 2020, the NYPD announced (宣布) that it would begin using a special version of Spot. Their robot was painted blue. It has a special camera to allow it to “see” everything on all sides of it. They called their version “Digidog”.The robot cost the NYPD about $94,000. That may seem like a lot of money, but it’s cheap for a robot.When it announced Digidog, the NYPD said, “This dog is going to save lives, protect people, and protect officers, and that’s our g____17____. ”They soon found out that not everyone was excited about the robot as they were. After the robot was brought to an emergency call in February, a video of it was shared w____18____, and upset a lot of people.Many people were concerned that the police were using an electronic dog for spying (暗中监视). Others felt like it was wrong for the police to spend money on machines. They should focus on p____19____.For many people, the concern wasn’t just about this robot dog, but about what future police robots might look like. For example, they feared that the police might use a robot that could control its o____20____ movements, or one that carried weapons.When the dog was used a____21____ in late April, 2021, another video was shared on the Internet. Many people were still upset. As a result of the strong public reaction, the NYPD decided to get rid of Digidog, and to return him to the tech company.   （2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末）Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）What Do Olympic Athletes Eat?Last month, CCTV released the athletes’ (运动员) menu for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. There’re as many as 678 different dishes on the menu. These dishes will be provided in turns and around 200 dishes will be a____22____ for athletes each day in the three competition zones of Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou. The athletes of the Winter Olympics come from different cultural b____23____. The menu i____24____ dishes from around the world to meet their different needs and eating habits. Some local Chinese specialties (特色菜) can also be found on the menu, such as West Lake beef soup and Peking roast duck. Athletes will be able to f____25____ and experience the full charm of Chinese food culture.The 2022 Winter Olympic Games will overlap with the Chinese Spring Festival. So, some of the special dishes for this festival have also been a____26____ to the menu. Foreign athletes will be able to “taste” the Chinese Lunar New Year. B____27____, to protect the environment, the restaurant will use biodegradable tableware (可生物降解的餐具). Let’s look forward to a g____28____ and “delicious” Winter Olympics!  （2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。Small business big treatsA 12-year-old girl starts her own business selling dog treats(零食).During the pandemic(疫情), many people spent more time with their pets at home. But a seventh-grader used this time to set up her own business—selling dog treats.Jasmine Thomas-Gainey, 12 years old, lives in Marin County, US. She f____29____ Doggy Dog Treats By Jazzy during the pandemic. Her pet Chihuahua helps test the treats before they get sold.In an interview with the Marin Independent Journal, Thomas-Gainey said that her dog, Buddy, loves the home-baked treats she makes.” Whenever we bake them, he is standing by the k____30____, and whenever we are packing them up, he is s____31____ following us,” she said. “After I figured out the things dogs can eat, I came up with my own dog recipes(食谱),” said Thomas-Gainey. “I have learned more about w____32____ dogs can and can’t eat. It was interesting to do the research.”“I like seeing the r____33____ that people leave.” said Thomas-Gainey. “And I also like seeing if they post s____34____ on their Instagram of their dogs happy about the treats.”One of the things Thomas-Gainey enjoys most is having her own business at a young age.“You can never be too young,” she said. “When you start so young, it opens a lot more possibilities, and there’s more time for you to grow.”Thomas-Gainey always feels encouraged by her mother, so she is more positive and c____35____ now, even in the face of difficulties. She has learned a lot by starting her own business.  （2022秋·上海长宁·九年级上海市新泾中学校考期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。The night before Christmas, a man punished his five-year-old daughter for using up all of the family’s expensive wrapping paper. Money was tight (紧张的), and he became very a___36___ when the child tried to wrap a box to put under the Christmas tree. However, the next morning, the little girl, who was f___37___ with excitement, brought the gift box to her father’s bedroom and said to him, “This is for you, Daddy! Merry Christmas and I love you!”The father was embarrassed by his e___38___ reaction (反应) to the little girl. But when he opened the box, he found it empty and lost his temper again. “Don’t you know, young lady,” he said, “Anytime you want to give someone a p___39___, it is necessary to put something inside the box!”The little girl looked up at him with tears in her eyes and said, “Daddy, it’s not empty. Last night, I blew kisses into it u___40___ it was all full.”The father fell on his knees and put his arms around his little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his anger. After that, the father k___41___ the little box by his bed for all the years of his life. Whenever he was discouraged or faced difficult problems, he would open the box c___42___, take out a kiss, and remember the love of his beautiful child who had put kisses in it. Then he could get through the darkness in his life.   （2022·上海·统考中考真题）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给出。Which would you rather spend your money on, an outing with friends or a pair of expensive shoes? It is my opinion that spending money on experiences brings greater happiness. My first r___43___ is that experiences make us different as we grow. We are not the result of the things we’ve bought. Instead, we are the result of everything we’ve seen and done. For example, getting expensive clothes didn’t c___44___ me as a person, but the camping trip last summer certainly did. It made me more independent.In addition, I p___45___ experiences because they bring people together. Sharing a new experience develops stronger relationships and creates long-lasting memories. Three years ago I met some teenagers on a study trip and now I am s___46___ in touch with them, but I hardly remember what I bought during the trip.My final point is that, although some people say it is a great j___47___ to own things, I think using the things you own is more pleasant. For example, I spend most of my spare money on new parts for my old mountain bike, but I love the experience of c___48___, not owning bike parts!To sum up, experiences make us who we are and develop stronger relationships. So next time before you pay for something, give it some s___49___ thought. Ask yourself, “Which will I spend my money on, an outing or a pair of shoes?”  （2021·上海·统考中考真题）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。It’s 5:00 a.m.! A morming call wakes up Marco. He doesn’t get up so e____50____ at home in Los Angeles. Well, maybe to eat breakfast once in a while but never to herd (放牧) cows and sheep! But Marco isn’t at home. He is in Africa, on the grasslands of Kenya (肯尼亚). He is living with the herdsmen.“Life is very different in Kenya. People live a p____51____ life here on the grasslands. They can’t afford TVs, cars or mobile phones. They make a living mainly by herding cows and sheep,” Marco says.Marco’s trip to Africa isn’t a h____52____. It’s part of the school project for biology course at Sunshine School. The school hopes the students will have more life experiences. They have never been to Africa. Kenya is a country which is c____53____ new to the students from Los Angeles. When the students get there, they put on local clothing. Boys herd cows. Girls collect firewood and water. Families depend on their cows. As a result, the herdsmen and the students have to m____54____ from one area to another so that the cows have more grass to eat.Now in Los Angeles, Kenya is on the minds of the students at Sunshine School all year. Disasters have killed many cows in Kenya, so the students decide to raise money to b____55____ cows for the local people. Each cow costs about $100. “One cow means more to the health of a family than money,” says Marco. “Here we are really giving life. A cow will give a kid milk every day.”The school wants to give the students a different way of thinking. Helping the herdsmen in Kenya is just the first s____56____. Next, the students will try to discover ways to give a hand to those in Los Angeles who need help.