考点17 难点题型（二）完形填空-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习（上海专用）

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考点17 难点题型（二）完形填空

中考生最为棘手的题型之一。它既考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。



考向一、答题原则：
1．首句重读原则
“首句重读”指首句需重点阅读。首句很多情况是Topic sentence (主题句)，会透露文章背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，若设空，则需重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。
2． 例子关联原则
例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子间有时会有正反对比关系或者平行并列关系。　
3． 最佳适用原则
4． 场景匹配原则
5. 平行并列原则
完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空也可以关注下面一段的末句。

考向二、答题技巧：
技巧1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。
例1. The 33 water supply forecast is based more on the water from the 34 than from the below.
33.A.correct B.further C.average 　 D.early
34.A.clouds B.sky C.air D.above

技巧2. 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。
例1. He didn’t hear the bell for he was completely 52 　in reading the newspaper.
52. A. interested B centered C addicted D absorbed

技巧3. 注意同义词的辨义

技巧4. 根据动作的发出者确定所选的词
例1. And video cameras can be used to ______ people's actions at home.
A. keep B. make C. record D. watch

技巧5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项
例1.The explorers found that the island had good soil 37 the 200 natives living there survived with little food.
37. A. and B. but C. however D. still

技巧6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项
例1. In 1967 she was asked to work at Gallaudet University as a dorm supervisor(宿舍监管员). Shirley supervised young women who __47__ in the university during the school year.
47. A. worked B. studied C. lived D. played

技巧7. 根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项
例1. Life is very　 55　 , so don’t rush to make decisions. Life doesn’t let you plan.
55.A. hard 　　 B. busy 　　　 C. short　　　 D. long

（2023·上海静安·统考一模）Can Animals Predict Earthquakes?
Dear Scientist Sam,I noticed my dog acting very nervously only a few minutes before a recent earthquake shook the house. Is it ____1____ that my dog knew the earthquake was going to happen?
Janet
Sam’s reply:
Well, Janet, people have believed for many centuries that animals can predict earthquakes. In fact, we can look ____2____ to what we know from the ancient Greeks. They noticed that animals acted strangely in the hours before earthquakes. Even now, people talk about dogs that won’t stop barking and cats that won’t come out of hiding before an earthquake. Furthermore, strange behavior like this before earthquakes isn’t limited to pets. People have also reported seeing chickens laying no eggs, bees leaving their homes, and big groups of fish ____3____ and floating here and there in the hours before a natural disaster hits.
It’s hard to answer your question, since not all seismologists(地震学家) or animal experts agree that animals can predict earthquakes. Those that disagree say that we should think of other things that ____4____ animal behavior, such as hunger. On the other hand, many people who believe that animals can predict earthquakes often have ____5____ of very strange animal behavior right before the ground shakes. To them, this is evidence that animals can certainly predict earthquakes.
In short, the truth is that we aren’t sure. Animals might be able to sense earthquakes before they happen, but there is no solid evidence that they can. However, one thing that most seismologists can agree on is that more research is needed. Animals may be the ____6____ to predicting earthquakes before they happen, and could help save many lives.

1．A．foolish B．possible C．delighted D．generous
2．A．back B．forward C．after D．like
3．A．swimming B．diving C．dying D．eating
4．A．refuse B．affect C．deny D．discover
5．A．duties B．opinions C．records D．enemies
6．A．goal B．skill C．trick D．key

【答案】1．B    2．A    3．C    4．B    5．C    6．D

【导语】本文主要讲述了动物是否能预测地震的发生。
1．句意：有没有可能我的狗知道地震会发生？
foolish愚蠢的；possible可能的；delighted高兴的；generous大方的。根据“my dog knew the earthquake was going to happen”可知，Janet怀疑自己的狗可能知道地震会发生，故选B。
2．句意：事实上，我们可以追溯到古希腊。
look back to回顾；look forward to期盼；look after照顾；look like看起来像。根据“what we know from the ancient Greeks”可知，回顾希腊人知道的内容，故选A。
3．句意：人们还报告说，在自然灾害发生前的几个小时里，看到鸡不下蛋，蜜蜂离开家，大群鱼死亡，到处漂浮。
swimming游泳；diving潜水；dying死；eating吃。根据“floating here and there”可知，鱼到处漂浮，说明死亡了，故选C。
4．句意：那些不同意的人说，我们应该考虑其他影响动物行为的因素，比如饥饿。
refuse拒绝；affect影响；deny否认；discover发现。根据“animal behavior, such as hunger”可知，如饥饿等因素也可以影响动物行为，故选B。
5．句意：另一方面，许多相信动物可以预测地震的人经常有地震发生前动物奇怪行为的记录。
duties责任；opinions观点；records记录；enemies敌人。根据“very strange animal behavior right before the ground shakes”可知，地震之前，动物奇怪的行为有相关记录，因此他们相信这样的结论。故选C。
6．句意：动物可能是在地震发生前预测地震的关键，并有助于挽救许多生命。
goal目标；skill技能；trick把戏；key关键。根据“ could help save many lives.”可知，动物是预测地震的关键，故选D。
（2022春·上海闵行·九年级上海市实验学校西校校考期中）Gloria is a famous hostess of a TV station. When she was 15, she happened to walk into a bookstore in her hometown and began looking at the books on the shelves. The man behind the counter, John Smith, asked if she’d like a job. She needed to start ____7____ for college, so she said yes.
Gloria worked after school and during summer holidays, and the job helped pay for her first year of college. During college she would do many other jobs: she served coffee in the student union, and she was a hotel cleaner and even made maps for the Forest Service. But ____8____ books was one of the most satisfying jobs.
One day a woman came into the bookstore and asked Gloria for books on cancer. The woman seemed upset. Gloria showed her practically everything they had and found other books they could order. The woman left the store ____9____, and Gloria has always remembered the pride she felt in having helped her customers.
Years later, as a television hostess, Gloria heard of a child who was born with problems with his fingers and hand. His family could not ____10____ an operation, and the boy lived in shame, hiding his hand in his pocket all the time. Gloria persuaded (说服) her boss to agree to let her do the story. After the story was broadcast, some doctors called, offering to perform the operation ____11____.
Gloria visited the boy in the hospital after the operation. The first thing he did was to raise his repaired hand and say, “Thank you.” What a sweet sense of satisfaction Gloria felt!
At Smith’s bookstore, Gloria always realized she was working for the customers, not the store. Today it’s the same. The TV station pays her, but she feels that she should work for the people who watch the programmes, helping them understand the ____12____ better.
7．A．saving B．studying C．surveying D．making
8．A．borrowing B．lending C．reading D．selling
9．A．more excited B．less worried C．quite interested D．very surprised
10．A．do B．offer C．afford D．give
11．A．in return B．on business C．with pleasure D．for free
12．A．TV station B．hostesses C．world D．operation

【答案】7．A    8．D    9．B    10．C    11．D    12．C

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gloria在成为电台主持人前后的一些个人经历。
7．句意：她需要开始为上大学攒钱，因此她说可以。
saving攒钱；studying学习；surveying查看；making制造。根据语境可知，她需要开始为上大学攒钱。save for...是固定短语，意为“为……攒钱”。故选A。
8．句意：但是卖书是最令她满意的工作之一。
borrowing借；lending借出；reading读；selling卖。根据“One day a woman came into the bookstore and asked Gloria for books on cancer.”以及“Gloria has always remembered the pride she felt in having helped her customers”可知，最令Gloria满意的一份工作是卖书。故选D。
9．句意：这位女士离开商店时不那么担心了，Gloria一直记得她为帮助顾客而感到自豪。
more excited更兴奋；less worried不那么担心；quite interested十分感兴趣；very surprised非常惊讶。根据“The woman seemed upset. Gloria showed her practically everything they had and found other books they could order. ”可知，这位妇女离开的时候不那么担心了。故选B。
10．句意：他的家庭负担不起手术费用，男孩生活在耻辱中，他的手一直藏在口袋里。
do做；offer提供；afford买得起；give给。根据“the boy lived in shame, hiding his hand in his pocket all the time”可知，男孩的家庭负担不起手术费用。故选C。
11．句意：这个故事播出后，一些医生打来电话，表示愿意免费为他做手术。
in return作为回报；on business出差；with pleasure很愿意；for free免费。根据“Gloria visited the boy in the hospital after the operation.”可知，一些医生打来电话，表示愿意免费为他做手术。故选D。
12．句意：电视台付钱给她，但她觉得她应该为看节目的人工作，帮助他们更好地了解世界。
TV station电视台；hostesses女主持人；world世界；operation手术。根据“The TV station pays her, but she feels that she should work for the people who watch the programmes, helping them understand the...better.”可知，她觉得她应该为看节目的人工作，帮助他们更好地了解世界。故选C。
（2022春·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）Choose the words and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词，完成短文）
Many people are probably not familiar with the World Toilet Organization (WTO). It is an organization to ____13____ toilets and keep places and healthy. It is based in Singapore and includes toilet associations from 177 countries around the world.
Sim Jae-duck is 74 years old now. In 2001, he founded the WTO. He holds the opinion that time should be spent on more meaningful things, such as serving people. Therefore, he chose a ____14____ which was always ignored, toilet.
Sim was born in a restroom. “My mother followed advice from my grandmother that people born in restrooms will enjoy long lives,” he said. Now he plans to live and die in a toilet-shaped house.
The large glass building was built in Suweon, a Korean city. There are two bedrooms and two guest rooms ____15____ the rooms. The house, of course, has three expensive toilets.
“There is a ____16____ bathroom behind glass for all to see. The other toilets have water saving features,” Sim said. “My family has already agreed to keep this house as a symbol of South Korea’s new toilet culture after my death. The house will be remembered as an example of saving people from diseases and protecting the environment.”
The main bathroom has a machine that produces a mist (薄雾) ____17____ others can’t see the people in the bathroom. That can make users feel safe. The toilet seat with be raised as people enter and music will play.
Sim’s advice has changed public toilets into clean and beautiful resting places. Now the public toilets in Suweon are ____18____ paintings, fresh flowers or even small gardens. They are places that protect human health.
13．A．reduce B．improve C．welcome D．remove
14．A．process B．study C．culture D．field
15．A．besides B．behind C．ahead D．among
16．A．visit B．display C．physical D．manner
17．A．so that B．because C．unless D．although
18．A．covered with B．made of C．used to D．decorated with

【答案】13．B    14．D    15．D    16．B    17．A    18．D

【导语】本文主要讲述Sim Jae-duck创立了“世界厕所组织”，还介绍了他计划度过余生的厕所形状的房子。
13．句意：这是一个改善厕所、保持场所卫生的组织。
reduce减少；improve改善；welcome欢迎；remove移开。根据下文“Sim’s advice has changed public toilets into clean and beautiful resting places.”可知，组织创始人Sim希望厕所是干净漂亮的休息场所，由此可知他开创的组织会改善厕所。故选B。
14．句意：因此，他选择了一个总是被忽视的领域，厕所。
process过程；study学习；culture文化；field领域。根据“...such as serving people. Therefore, he chose a…which was always ignored, toilet.”可知Sim选择在“厕所”这一领域为人民服务。故选D。
15．句意：房间中有两间卧室和两间客房。
besides除了；behind在……后面；ahead在前面；among在……之中。根据“There are two bedrooms and two guest rooms…the rooms.”可知，此处表示在很多房间之中有两间卧室和两间客房，用among。故选D。
16．句意：玻璃后面有一个展示浴室，所有人都可以看到。
visit参观；display展示；physical体检；manner方式。根据“for all to see”可知，这是一个展示浴室。故选B。
17．句意：主浴室有一台产生雾气的机器，这样其他人就看不到浴室里的人。
so that以便，为了；because因为；unless除非；although尽管，虽然。根据“The main bathroom has a machine that produces a mist…others can’t see the people in the bathroom.”可知，用机器产生雾气是为了不让其他人看到浴室的内部，此空应填so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
18．句意：现在Suweon的公共厕所里装饰着绘画、鲜花甚至小花园。
covered with覆盖；made of由……组成；used to曾经；decorated with装饰。根据“Now the public toilets in Suweon are…paintings, fresh flowers or even small gardens.”可知，厕所被绘画、鲜花等装饰着。故选D。


（2022春·上海黄浦·九年级上海外国语大学附属大境初级中学校考期中）Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）
Three years ago, a group of researchers at Cornell University’s Food and Brand Lab had a guess. They knew that as part of the National School Lunch Program, apples were served to kids.
But many of them ____19____ in the rubbish bins, some even untouched. Unlike others, they wondered why the kids didn’t want the fruit.
They thought the fact that the apples were being served whole, rather than sliced (切成片的), made the fruit out of favor. And they wanted to ____20____ this idea.
They carried out a study at eight schools and found that fruit consumption(消耗) ____21____ by more than 60 percent when apples were served sliced. They then made a followup study at six other schools, which not only showed the same result, but further ____22____ it. Both the overall apple consumption and the percentage of students who ate more than half of the apple served to them were more than 70 percent higher at schools that served sliced apples.
Based on these results, it seems that even the simplest forms of inconvenience can influence us. Sliced apples did reduce the waste. However, the hardest part is getting kids to ____23____ eating fruit, and that’s exactly why sliced apples are the way to go. A child holding a whole apple has to break the skin, eat around the core (果核), and ____24____ the inconvenience of holding a large fruit. These problems might seem silly or unimportant, but they’re important when you’re missing teeth or have braces (牙箍), as so many kids do.
It’s one of those situations where what seems like a really small inconvenience actually makes a huge difference.
19．A．ended up B．finished off C．followed up D．set off
20．A．present B．share C．prove D．try
21．A．decreased B．jumped C．reached D．slowed
22．A．denied B．supported C．impressed D．described
23．A．learn B．practice C．continue D．start
24．A．deal with B．think about C．look into D．point out

【答案】19．A    20．C    21．B    22．B    23．D    24．A

【导语】本文主要介绍了康奈尔大学食品与品牌实验室关于学校学生浪费苹果的研究，告诉我们：看起来非常小的不便，实际上会产生巨大的影响。
19．句意：但其中许多最终都被扔进了垃圾桶，有些甚至没有被碰过。
ended up最终处于；finished off吃完，喝光；followed up跟踪；set off出发。根据“ in the rubbish bins”可知，此处指“许多苹果最终在垃圾桶里”，ended up符合语境，故选A。
20．句意：他们想要证明这个想法。
present颁发；share分享；prove证明；try试图。 前文研究人员提出了假设，根据下文“They carried out a study at eight schools and found that fruit consumption...”可知，他们实施研究是为了证明他们的想法，故选C。
21．句意：他们在八所学校进行了一项研究，发现当供应切片苹果时，水果的消耗量增长了60%以上。
decreased减少；jumpe猛增；reached抵达；slowed使变慢。 根据“Both the overall apple consumption and the percentage of students who ate more than half of the apple served to them were more than 70 percent higher at schools that served sliced apples.”可知，应是切成片的苹果消费量增长了，故选B。
22．句意：随后，他们在另外六所学校进行了后续研究，不仅得出了同样的结果，而且进一步支持了这一结论。
denied拒绝；supported支持；impressed使留下深刻印象；described描写。not only...but“不仅……而且”，前后是递进关系，结合“which not only showed the same result”及语境可知，应是进一步支持了原来的结论，故选B。
23．句意：然而，最难的部分是让孩子们开始吃水果，这就是为什么切片苹果是正确的选择。
learn学习；practice练习；continue继续；start开始。根据“that’s exactly why sliced apples are the way to go. ”及切片苹果浪费的很少这一事实可知，切片苹果是为了让孩子们开始吃水果，故选D。
24．句意：一个孩子拿着一个完整的苹果，必须削掉果皮，吃果核周围的东西，还要处理拿着一个大苹果的不便。
deal with解决；think about考虑；look into调查；point out指出。这里是列举了拿着一整个苹果带来的问题，结合下文“These problems”可知，应是解决问题，故选A。

（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中）A black cat crossed your path? It might be your lucky day! Cat lovers know that kitty can bring good things like comfort and companionship. Meet four kitties to ___25___ cats are dramatic animals!
Top of the class
One morning when the school bell rang, 33 students and one lost cat ran into a classroom. The kids started playing with him immediately. The kitten did not want to leave, and the students did not want him to go. So the cat, named Tombi was given a ___26___ checkup to make sure he would be safe to have in the school. Now officially the class cat, Tombi sleeps through classes on that bookshelf and then plays with the kids during breaks. This kitten is a real class cat!
Spaced out
The fur really flew on October 18, when Felicette became the first cat in space. The French cat rocketed toward the stars to help researchers learn whether animals could ___27___ from the space travel. After soaring more than one hundred miles above Earth, the high-flying cat ___28___ returned home the same day. We bet she was seeing stars.
Guide cat
Terfel was losing his eyesight. Nervous of hurting himself, the dog mostly kept to his basket. But then a missing cat—Pwditat, wandered into the house and walked right up to Terfel. As if he sensed Terfel was blind, the cat ___29___ the dog into the garden as a guide. After that, Pwditat became part of the family. Pwditat helped Terfel get around the house. Who says cats and dogs can’t be friends?
Cat detective
A cat named Snowball helped to solve a crime—a serious one. When police found white cat hairs sticking to a jacket with blood on it, they took hard look at the Snowball and DNA in his hair. Since every individual’s DNA is unique, scientists were able to show the hairs were Snowball’s. That way, police could ___30___ the jacket and the crime to Snowball’s owner. It was the first time cat DNA had been used to find a criminal.
25．A．deny B．prove C．affect D．interview
26．A．colourful B．free C．cheap D．medical
27．A．learn B．wonder C．survive D．manage
28．A．suddenly B．politely C．safely D．lately
29．A．avoid B．led C．fooled D．noticed
30．A．connect B．put C．decide D．need

【答案】25．B    26．D    27．C    28．C    29．B    30．A

【导语】本文讲述了猫是“戏剧性动物”的四个事件。
25．句意：来见见四只小猫来证明猫是戏剧性的动物！
deny否认；prove证明；affect影响；interview采访。下文讲述了四个和小猫相关的不太寻常的故事，这是“猫是戏剧性动物”的证明。故选B。
26．句意：因此，这只名叫Tombi的猫接受了体检，以确保它在学校是安全的。
colourful五颜六色的；free自由的；cheap便宜的；medical医学的。根据“Tombi was given a…checkup to make sure he would be safe to have in the school”可知，这只猫要接受医学检查是为了能和学校里的孩子们安全地一起玩耍。故选D。
27．句意：这只法国猫飞向星空，帮助研究人员了解动物是否能在太空旅行中生存。
learn学习；wonder想知道；survive生存；manage管理。根据“animals could…from the space travel”和选项可知，是看动物是否能在太空旅行中生存下来。故选C。
28．句意：在地球上空飞行了100多英里后，这只高飞的猫于当天安全返回了家。
suddenly突然；politely有礼貌地；safely安全地；lately最近。根据“the high-flying cat…returned home the same day”和选项可知，猫最后安全地返回了家。故选C。
29．句意：就好像他感觉到了Terfel失明了一样，猫作为向导把狗领进了花园。
avoid避免；led引路；fooled愚弄；noticed注意到。根据“... the dog into the garden as a guide.”可知，猫作为一个向导，引着狗进入了花园。故选B。
30．句意：这样，警方就可以将这件夹克和犯罪行为与Snowball的主人联系起来。
connect把……联系起来；put放；decide决定；need需要。根据“…the jacket and the crime to Snowball’s owner”可知，把这件夹克和犯罪行为与Snowball的主人联系起来，connect…to…“将……与……联系起来”。故选A。
（2022春·上海徐汇·九年级统考期中）选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文。
With International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach’s applause and the cheering of flag-waving audience, China’s 18-year-old freestyle skier Gu Ailing Eileen, with hands on her head and a look of great excitement, captured the gold medal of the women’s freeski big air (自由式滑雪大跳台) final at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
The win not only brings Team China to the top of the current Olympic medals table, with the host country having won three gold medals, but is also a historic achievement as Gu is China’s ____31____ women’s Olympic gold medalist on snow sports.
“This is the best moment in my life, moments like this make everything so worthy,” Gu said in a post-game interview and she thanked the home audience for their huge ____32____.
Gu’s performance was steady and faultless in her first two runs, giving her a good score. On her final run, which made Chinese spectators breathless, Gu nailed a double cork 1620 (双周偏轴转体1620), with great ____33____, to take over first spot, surpassing Mathilde Gremaud of Switzerland who finished third and Tess Ledeux of France who got the silver.
With a combined score of 188.25 points—93.75 from her first run and 94.50 from the third—Gu came back strong from third place ____34____ the final run to take the gold as the event made its Olympic debut (首次登台).
In the festive atmosphere of the Chinese Lunar New Year season, topics on Gu’s gold medal exploded like fireworks as the 18-year-old prodigy, on the day she snatched the gold medal, occupied about 30 of the top 50 topics on the trending list, ____35____ including discussions on her grandmother’s birthplace and her habit of 10-hour sleep.
Gu’s gold medal inspired Chinese netizens on Sina Weibo, in ____36____ discussions about her exploded with over 670 million views and millions of comments about an hour after her historic victory.
Gu is like most other new-era Chinese teens: They love to post selfies on social media platforms; they like fancy food, travel and fashionable outfits. The prodigy was admitted to Stanford University with a near-perfect SAT score in the run-up to the Winter Olympics.
31．A．final B．first C．greatest D．best
32．A．smile B．success C．support D．surprise
33．A．care B．joy C．difficulty D．help
34．A．after B．until C．toward D．before
35．A．even B．except C．exactly D．especially
36．A．there B．where C．that D．which

【答案】31．B    32．C    33．C    34．A    35．A    36．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍谷爱凌冬奥夺冠以及引起的热议。
31．句意：但是也是历史性的突破，因为谷爱凌是中国第一位在雪上运动获得奥运金牌的女运动员。
final最后；first第一；greatest最伟大的；best最好的。根据“but is also a historic achievement”可知，此处应用first，表示“第一位”。故选B。
32．句意：她感谢国内观众巨大的支持。
smile微笑；success成功；support支持；surprise惊讶。根据“she thanked the home audience for their huge”可知，此处应用support，表示“支持”。故选C。
33．句意：谷爱凌用超高难度，完成双周偏轴转体1620度，进而排到第一。
care关心；joy欢笑；difficulty困难；help帮助。根据“a double cork 1620”可知，此处应用difficulty，表示“高难度”。故选C。
34．句意：在最后一跳之后，谷爱凌从第三名强势回归，在首次登台的冬奥会决赛中夺得金牌。
after在……之后；until直到；toward朝着；before在……之前。根据“Gu came back strong from third place”和“the final run”可知，是最后一跳之后才从第三名回归到第一名，获得金牌，故选A。
35．句意：在中国农历新年的节日气氛中，对于这位18岁的神童来说，关于金牌的话题就像烟花一样爆发了，在她夺取金牌的那一天，占据了趋势榜单前50名话题中的大约30个，甚至包括关于她祖母的出生地和她10小时睡眠习惯的讨论。
even甚至；except除了；exactly确切地；especially特别地。根据“occupied about 30 of the top 50 topics on the trending list”可知，此处应用even，表示“甚至”。故选A。
36．句意： 在新浪微博上，谷爱凌的金牌激励了中国网民，在她历史性胜利后的一个小时内，关于她的讨论爆发了超过6.7亿次观看和数百万条评论。
there那儿；where哪儿；that那个；which哪个。根据“in...discussion”可知，此处应用which，引导定语从句，介词in+which=where。故选D。


（2022·上海·统考中考真题）Star Woman
Wang Zhenyi (王贞仪)
(1768—1797)

Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi? Perhaps most of us didn’t know this great name until she was introduced in a CCTV programme.
Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese ____37____. She was born in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls had no chance to get a formal education. However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys. They ____38____ her to read the books in their home library. Wang Zhenyi educated herself and read a lot about astronomy (the study of the stars, planets, etc.), maths, geography as well as medicine. Later, she decided to ____39____ astronomy.
In her time, many people expected the stars to tell what was going to happen. They thought certain events in the sky, such as lunar eclipses(月食) happened when gods were angry. But Wang Zhenyi thought differently. She believed in facts and observation. In order to explain those “strange” events, she did some ____40____. In one, she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon. She moved them around to show what ____41____ happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon, the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon “disappears”.
Throughout her short life, Wang Zhenyi wrote many articles about her research. In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in clear and ____42____ ways so that people could understand science more easily. She helped make science available to more people.
37．A．doctor B．scientist C．lawyer D．teacher
38．A．invited B．selected C．followed D．encouraged
39．A．rely on B．show off C．focus on D．talk about
40．A．exercises B．drawings C．reviews D．experiments
41．A．actually B．suddenly C．nearly D．recently
42．A．simple B．polite C．funny D．traditional

【答案】37．B    38．D    39．C    40．D    41．A    42．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了清朝著名女科学家——王贞仪。
37．句意：王贞仪是一位伟大的中国科学家。
doctor医生；scientist科学家；lawyer律师；teacher老师。根据文章最后“She helped make science available to more people.”可知，王贞仪是一位科学家。故选B。
38．句意：他们鼓励她阅读家里图书馆里的书。
invited邀请；selected选择；followed跟随；encouraged鼓励。根据上文“However, her father and grandfather were open-minded. They thought girls should share equal opportunities with boys.”可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父思想开放，鼓励王贞仪阅读书籍；encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。故选D。
39．句意：后来，她决定专攻天文学。
rely on依赖；show off炫耀；focus on集中于，专注于；talk about谈论。根据上文“Wang Zhenyi educated herself and read a lot about astronomy (the study of the stars, planets, etc.), maths, geography as well as medicine.”可知，起初，王贞仪自学天文学、数学、地理和医学，后来她决定专注于天文学这一门学科。故选C。
40．句意：为了解释那些“奇怪”的事件，她做了一些实验。
exercises练习；drawings图纸；reviews评论；experiments实验。根据下文“she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon”可知，把一张圆桌作为地球，一盏灯作为太阳，一面镜子作为月亮，这是王贞仪为解释自然现象所做的实验。故选D。
41．句意：她将它们四处移动，以展示月食期间实际发生的情况：当地球直接穿过太阳和月球之间时，阳光无法到达月球，月球“消失”。
actually实际上；suddenly突然；nearly几乎；recently最近。根据下文“when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon…”可知，王贞仪在实验中验证月食期间实际发生的情况。故选A。
42．句意：在她的文章中，她用清晰、简单的方式解释难懂的观点，让人们更容易理解科学。
simple简单的；polite礼貌的；funny有趣的；traditional传统的。根据下文“so that people could understand science more easily”可知，王贞仪以一种简单明了的方式让人们更容易理解科学。故选A。
（2021·上海·统考中考真题）What do you need for an invention to be a success?

To begin with, good timing is very ____43____. You can have a good idea which the public doesn’t want yet. Take Giovanni Caselli as an example. He invented the first fax machine in the 1860s. Though the quality was excellent, his invention quickly ____44____. The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s.
Money also helps. The Frenchman Denis Papin had the idea for a steam engine almost a hundred years before James Watt was born. Denis never had enough money to ____45____ one.
You also need to be patient. It took scientists nearly eighty years to invent a light bulb. ____46____, you shouldn’t be too slow. In the 1870s, Elisha Gray developed plans for a telephone. Gray saw it only as “a beautiful toy”. When he finally sent details of his invention to the Patent Office (专利局) on February 14th, 1876, it was too ____47____. Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier. The young man who sent them was Alexander Graham Bell. He is remembered as the inventor of the telephone.

Of course what you really need is a wonderful idea. If you haven’t got one, a walk in the countryside and a careful look at ____48____ can help. The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (粘扣) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside.
43．A．interesting B．important C．personal D．satisfying
44．A．died B．improved C．spread D．appeared
45．A．deliver B．repair C．use D．build
46．A．However B．Instead C．So far D．At last
47．A．modern B．difficult C．late D．old
48．A．society B．nature C．pictures D．advertisements

【答案】43．B    44．A    45．D    46．A    47．C    48．B

【分析】文章介绍了一项发明成功需要的几个条件。
43．句意：首先，好的时机非常重要。
interesting有趣的；important重要的；personal个人的；satisfying满足的；根据“Though the quality was excellent, his invention quickly...The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s.”可知，发明的时机是很重要的，故选B。
44．句意：虽然质量很好，但他的发明很快就销声匿迹了。
died死的；improved提高；spread传播；appeared出现；根据“The fax machine did not become a necessary piece of equipment in every office until the 1980s.”可知，传真机的发明销声匿迹了，故选A。
45．句意：丹尼斯从来没有足够的钱建造一个。
deliver递送；repair修理；use使用；build修建；根据“Denis never had enough money”及句意可知，是没有钱建造蒸汽机，故选D。
46．句意：然而，你不应该太慢。
However然而；Instead代替；So far到目前为止；At last最后；根据“It took scientists nearly eighty years to invent a light bulb.”以及“In the 1870s...The young man who sent them was Alexander Graham Bell.”可知，此处是转折关系，应用however连接，故选A。
47．句意：当他最终于1876年2月14日将自己发明的细节提交给专利局时，为时已晚。
modern现代的；difficult困难的；late晚的；old老的；根据“Almost the same designs had arrived just two hours earlier.”可知，此处说的是提交的专利已经晚了，故选C。
48．句意：如果你还没有，在乡间散步和仔细观察大自然会有所帮助。
society社会；nature自然；pictures图片；advertisements广告；根据“The Swiss scientist, George de Mestral, had the idea for Velcro (粘扣) when he found his clothes covered in sticky seed pods after a walk in the countryside.”可知，此处指的是“观察大自然”，故选B。