考点15 初中语态基本考点-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习（上海专用）

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考点15 初中语态基本考点   动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。考向一：被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本结构：be+动词的过去分词各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are +done一般过去时didwas/were +done现在进行时am/is/are +doingam/is/are +being done现在完成时have/has +donehave/has +been done一般将来时will/shall/be going to +dowill/shall/be going to +be done过去进行时Was/were +doingwas/were+ being done过去完成时had + donehad + been done过去将来时would/should/be going to+ dowould/should/be going to +be done含有情态动词can/may/must +docan/may/must+be done 课堂练习：根据要求改写句子1. The headmaster praised Ben for his honesty.(改为被动语态）Ben                          for his honesty             the headmaster.2. The firemen are using long ladders for rescuing people in tall buildings.(改为被动语态)Long ladders                                       for rescuing people in tall buildings by the firemen.3. Mother will buy Jack a new shirt. (改为被动语态）A new shirt                                       Jack by Mother.4. You had better take the wounded soldiers to hospital at once. (改为被动语态）The wounded soldiers had better                          to hospital at once.5. The adults tell the children not to swim in that deep river. (改为被动语态）The children                          not to swim in that deep river.6. Can some aged Chinese understand Russian? (改为被动语态）Can                                       by some aged Chinese?7. The boss made the employees work ten hours a day. (改为被动语态）The employees were made                          ten hours a day.8. Who looks after the children in the kindergarten? (改为被动语态）By                          the children             after in the kindergarten?.9. The Spring Festival is welcomed by the Chinese all over the world.(改为主动语态)The Chinese all over the world             the Spring Festival.10. The price of meat has risen from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.(保持原句意思)The price of meat                                       from ten yuan to fifteen yuan recently.  考向二：被动语态的句法功能 1. 当不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。e.g.: Japanese is taught in that school. (类似warming up中的“饭吃过了”，英汉说话习惯的相似性) 2. 当需要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时。e.g.: Her book will be brought tomorrow morning. 看图学知识，来发挥你的潜力吧，找到主动变被动语态的小技巧！！                                                        总结：上面例句的小规律：△ 主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动语态：  主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语      （执行者）           （承受者） 被动语态：  主语 + be + 过去分词（+ by + 执行者）  （承受者）一般省略 当堂练习：用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。1. Children             (not allow) to play frightening games.2. At last the two pictures             (hang) side by side.3. The Great Wall             (know) by people all over the world.4. All the buildings             (turn) into hospitals recently.5. How long can these magazines             (keep)?6. The vegetables             (plant) in the fields next week.7. The soldier was very ill when he             (operate) on by Dr. Bethune.8. The password of your email box should               (memorize). .9. Liquids can             (turn) into gases if their temperatures             (make) hot enough.10. The next morning they             (find) that some trees             (blow) down during the night.   考向三：主动语态和被动语态的转换 1. 主动语态变为被动语态        ① 要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。② 把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格代词变成宾格代词，并由by引导。③ 谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。          We asked him to sing an English song.          He was asked to sing an English song by us. 主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者 6．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态    ① 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语；② 若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；③ 若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to 或for；       She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)       I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me改为了主语）       A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book改为了主语） 3. 动词短语变为被动语态   许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。   We should speak to old men politely.   Old men should be spoken to politely.  4. 带宾语补足语的被动语态宾语后若有宾补，变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。    I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.    Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 5. 变被动语态后动词形式的选择   主动句中的感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，及使役动词let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to.     He makes the girl stay at home.    The girl is made to stay at home by him.备注：一感二听三让四看，变被动还原to. 例题讲解：【例1】 Many accidents __ by careless drivers last year.        A. are caused       B. were caused   C. have caused     D. will cause       【例2】 Driving after drinking wine            in China.         A. allows        B. doesn't allow       C. is allowed          D. isn't allowed 【例3】 Many trees and flowers ________ in our city every year.        A. planted      B. are planted          C. were planted     D. plants         1．（2021·上海浦东新·二模）Early robots ________ to do simple things in factories, but now they have entered our life.A．were built B．built C．build D．are building2．（2021·上海金山·九年级阶段练习）The ancient building is part of the city’s history. It ________ during the Ming Dynasty.A．was built B．builds C．is built D．built3．（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）The flowers _______ often.A．must be water B．must be watered C．must watered D．must water4．（2022·上海松江·二模）The exhibition ________ till next week if they can’t solve the lighting problems.A．has put off B．will put off C．has been put off D．will be put off5．（2022·上海宝山·二模）Look, the paper tiger looks very lovely. It ________ by my grandfather just now.A．made B．is made C．has been made D．was made6．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）All parents will ________ to come and see The Wrong Trousers, our English-language play.A．are invited B．invited C．be invited D．invite7．（2022·上海嘉定·模拟预测）Jenny is a responsible person. She ________ as the leader of our team a few days ago.A．chooses B．chose C．is chosen D．was chosen8．（2022·上海·九年级期中）Professor Yi Zhongtian ________ to the talk show on CCTV-1 last weekend.A．invites B．invited C．invite D．was invited9．（2022·上海·九年级期末）Nick ________ a job in a bank, but he didn’t take it.A．is offered B．offered C．was offered D．has offered10．（2022·上海·九年级期中）— ________ an English contest ________ in No. 1 High School next Friday evening?— Yes, it will.A．Will; hold B．Will; be held C．Does; hold D．Does; be held11．（2022·上海·九年级期中）English _________ widely _________ in the world.A．is; spoken B．are; spoken C．is; speaking D．are; speaking12．（2022·上海黄浦·二模）Last month, the world’s largest ever report into climate change ________ by IPCC．A．is released B．was released C．has been released D．will be released13．（2022·上海·九年级单元测试）These windows________. Now they are very clean.A．were washed B．will be washed C．have been washed D．are washed14．（2022·上海长宁·二模）The National Cartoon Exhibition ________ in Shanghai every year for fans of all ages.A．is held B．was held C．has been held D．will be held15．（2022·上海·模拟预测）High school students are required ________ part in the volunteer project every term.A．take B．taking C．took D．to take16．（2022·上海普陀·一模）If everyone puts in more effort, the tasks ________ in five days.A．were finished B．are finishedC．have been finished D．will be finished17．（2022·上海·模拟预测）A high-tech ship ________ after the Mayflower that set sail from Plymouth in 1620.A．names B．named C．be named D．was named18．（2022·上海·一模）Soon the firemen arrived at the scene, and the old man in the fire________ at last.A．was saved B．saved C．has saved D．has been saved19．（2022·上海·二模）It was said that enough money ________ for the children in the earthquake area.A．raised B．will raise C．was raised D．has raised20．（2022·上海嘉定·一模）Worries in life      if you speak out to your close friend.A．will reduce B．were reducingC．will be reduced D．were reduced 21．（2022·上海市曹杨中学附属学校模拟预测）Great progress ________ in studying the new medicine for cancer (癌症) recently.A．will be made B．is madeC．has been made D．was made22．（2021·上海松江·二模）Two wide roads _________ in that small mountain village in the past two years.A．were built B．are built C．have been built D．had been built23．（2021·上海嘉定·二模）The students _______ into six groups for group discussion just now.A．divided B．have divided C．have been divided D．were divided24．（2021·上海普陀·二模）Next week about six new dishes ________ by the cools in our restaurant.A．was created B．is created C．has been create D．will be created25．（2021·上海金山·二模）Finland _______ the happiest country in the world the last four years.A．has named B．has been named C．named D．was named26．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The English exam ________ two parts, ________ objective item（客观题）and subjective item （主观题）. Please complete each part carefully.A．divides into; includes B．divided into; includingC．is divided into; included D．is divided into; including27．（2022·上海·模拟预测）—Can I go into the meeting room now?—Of course, if you ________.A．invite B．are inviting C．were invited D．will be invited28．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today he________still________by people of all ages.A．is; loved B．was; loved C．will; be loved D．will; love29．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Now Chinese couples ________ to have three children to reduce the pressure of an aging population.A．encourage B．encouraged C．are encouraged D．were encouraged30．（2022·上海·模拟预测）Breaking(霹雳舞), more of an art form than a sport, ________ in the Paris Olympic Games!A．will see B．is seen C．saw D．will be seen31．（2022·上海·模拟预测）The rubbish ________ from the grass, and then the campsite was clean again.A．removed B．is removed C．was removed D．be removed32．（2022·上海宝山·一模）Nowadays, the citizens in Shanghai ________ to divide the waste from daily life into four different groups.A．required B．are required C．require D．are requiring33．（2022·上海虹口·一模）A new factory ________ to deal with water pollution last month.A．was built B．will be built C．has been built D．has built34．（2022·上海长宁·一模）In the past several months a new community park ________ and will be open to the public soon.A．is built B．was built C．has been built D．will be built35．（2022·上海·一模）It is said China International Import Expo _________ in Shanghai last year.A．was held B．are held C．has been held D．had been held36．（2021·上海黄浦·九年级期中）The Nobel Prize for Literature this year ________ to an African writer, Abdulrazak, which turns out to be a big surprise.A．was awarded B．has awarded C．will award D．will be awarded37．（2021·上海市进才中学北校九年级期中）Many children don’t know that wood ________ paper.A．used to make B．is used to make C．is used to making D．are used for38．（2021·上海奉贤·二模）The students ________ to take part in the Shanghai Youth Science Ideas and Practice Challenge.A．are encouraging B．are encouraged C．have encouraged D．will encourage39．（2021·上海杨浦·二模）People come from all over to our village to see views that cannot _______ anywhere else.A．enjoy B．be enjoyed C．are enjoyed D．be enjoying40．（2021·上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中）When the sun _______ in the morning, our national flag _______.A．is raised. will be raised B．rises, will be risenC．rises, will be raised D．is raised, will rise 1．（2011·上海·中考真题）An official _____ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A．is interviewing B．is interviewed C．was interviewing D．was interviewed2．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）It’s said that tea __________ by accident about five thousand years ago.A．was invented B．is invented C．will be invented D．were invented3．（2022·广西·中考真题）Chinese _________ by more and more people in the world.A．speak B．speaks C．is speaking D．is spoken4．（2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）Five more clubs ________ next week to make our school life rich and colorful.A．set up B．are set up C．will be set up D．were set up5．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）A speech on robots ________ in the school hall next Friday afternoon.A．is given B．will be givenC．was given D．has been given6．（2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）It’s said that tea _________ for the first time about 5,000 years ago.A．drinks B．drank C．is drunk D．was drunk7．（2022·山东滨州·中考真题）The 24th Winter Olympics ________ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022, from February 4th to 20th.A．held B．was held C．will be held D．has been held8．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The second “Tiangong Lecture” kicked off! Bing Dwen Dwen ________ a teaching tool!A．is used for B．was used for C．is used as D．was used as9．（2012·上海·中考真题）I'm sure that stricter roles to control cigarette smoking______ very soon.A．made B．will make C．were made D．will be made10．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017 • 上海中考）The museum ____________ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival.A．is decorated B．will decorate C．is decorating D．will be decorated11．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture _______ in Jinshan Park.A．was taken B．takes C．is taken D．took12．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— People ________ to take their temperatures before they go into the supermarket during the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情).— I think it’s a good way to protect ourselves.A．are asking B．are asked C．asked D．ask13．（2022·北京·中考真题）On our farm, the tea leaves ________ by hand when they are ready.A．pick B．picked C．are picked D．were picked14．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）I ________ by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me?A．have attacked B．was attacked C．was attacking D．am attacked15．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mum, could I watch the movie The Battle at Changjin Lake tonight?—Of course, if your homework ______.A．finishes B．finished C．was finished D．is finished16．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）The Forbidden City (紫禁城), the largest palace in the world, ________ more than 600 years ago.A．built B．were built C．was built up D．was building17．（2022·广西贺州·中考真题）After the boy’s homework ________, he went out to play.A．finished B．finishes C．was finished D．is finished18．（2019·上海·中考真题）Worries in life      if you speak out to your close friend.A．will reduce B．were reducingC．will be reduced D．were reduced19．（2015·上海·中考真题）Over $30,000 ______ for a children’s hospital by a British girl several months ago.A．is raised B．was raisedC．will be raised D．has been raised20．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in February, 2022, Beijing.A．hold B．held C．is held D．was held