Unit 6 Disaster and hope -2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习（外研版2019必修第三册）

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外研版2019必修第三册
Unit 6 Disaster and hope【过知识】
Step 1 考点必备
【过单词】
重点单词
1. ___________ n. 灾难
2. ___________ adj. 多，余，加
3.___________ v. 爆发
4.___________ adv. 即刻，马上
5. ___________ v. 发生
6 ___________ n. 通告
7.___________ adj. 可信赖的
8. ___________ n. 营救
9. ___________n. 紧急情况
10___________adv. 极其，非常
11.___________ v. 宣称，认领，夺去(生命）
12.___________ n. 危机
13. _________v. 威胁
14.___________ adv. 无处
15. __________adv. 否则
16. ___________ n. 威胁
17. ___________ adj.足够的
18. ___________ n. 庇护，掩蔽
19. ___________ n. 损坏
20.___________ n. 失去

重点词转
1. .___________n. 火山爆发→erupt v.爆发，喷发
2. immediate adj. 立即的→.___________ adv. 立即，马上
3. occur v. 发生→.___________n. 事件，发生 →.___________ (过去式/过去分词) 
4.neighbor n. 邻居→.___________ 街坊
5. announce v.通告，公告 →.___________ n.通告，公告
6. forecast vt. 预测，预报→ .___________ 预测，预报（过去式/过去分词）
7. reliable adj.可靠的→.___________adj. 不可靠的→rely v.依靠→.___________ n.可靠性
8. rescue n.营救→→.___________n.营救员
9. . except prep. 除...之外→exception n.例外→.___________adv. 极其，非常
10.threat n．威胁→.___________ v. 威胁
11. precise adj.精确的→.___________ adv. 准确地
12 sufficient adj. 充足的，足够的→.___________充足地→.___________n. 充足

【过短语】
1. .___________浏览
2..___________拿起，捡起
3..___________走出...
4. .___________移动到
5..___________ 毕竟
6. .___________ 导致
7. .___________ 遭受
8..___________ 继续做某事
9.___________ 及时
10.quite a while .___________
11.stay away from .___________
12.take place .___________
13. turn up .___________
14. look out for .___________
15. all of a sudden .___________
16.have yet to .___________
17 .fly off .___________
18 .turn into .___________
19. .___________一开始
20..___________上上下下，来来回回


【过句式】
1. Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.
2. It’s just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines, as well as one of the deepest.
3. Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. . .
4. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.  
5. I was sitting in my room with my cat,Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off.
【过语法】
省略句
课文原句感知：
The master said she would do anything for the women and babies if needed.
They were helped by the army, so quite happy.
When buried under the buildings in the earthquake, he encouraged his classmates by singing.
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语
祈使句中主语的省略
*(You) don't touch me. 不要碰我。
2. 省略谓语
*Some of us study English; others (study) French.
3. 感叹句中的省略
*What a good time (we had) yesterday! 昨天我们玩得很开心！
4. 特殊疑问句中的省略 (只对所问作针对性的回答)。
—— Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本书?
—— The one on the desk. 书桌上的那本。
二、并列句中的省略
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。
*Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to the teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
2. 若主语不同而其后的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
*Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽在写作业。
3. 若句子中前半句与后半句的主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的谓语成分。
*His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略后面的主要动词及后续部分。
*He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid)．
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
三、复合句中的省略
1. 省略主句
—— Why didn't you come to class yesterday? 你昨天为什么没来上课？
—— (I didn't come to class yesterday) Because I was ill. 因为我生病了。
2. 宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I do believe(that) I am very qualified for this voluntary work，because I have a good command of spoken English.
我的确相信我适合这个志愿者工作，因为我精通英语口语。
(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when (he will come to our city)．
我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。
3.定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which，whom可省略。
◆The computer (which) I wanted to buy was sold out.
我想买的那种电脑卖光了。
(2)在定语从句中way作先行词，且在句中充当方式状语时，可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。
◆I don't like the way (that) he speaks to me.
我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。
(3)在以the same...as...或such...as...引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。
◆I have the same trouble as you (have)．
我和你有同样的困难。
4.状语从句中的省略【高频中的高频】
(1)在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
◆As (it is) scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities.
按照计划安排，我们参加了几个有指导意义的活动。
◆Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。
[温馨提示]
(1)省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主谓关系，则使用现在分词；若构成动宾关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
◆When (it is) heated, ice can be turned into water.
加热的时候冰可以变成水。
(2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
◆They don't use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
◆He runs as fast as Bob (runs)．
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
四、动词不定式的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．某些使役动词如：make, let, have等和感官动词如：see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
→She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室里唱英语歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略to。
①He likes to swim more than (to) skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
②He believes it important to study rather than to play computer games.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是玩电脑游戏。
4．当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, afford, expect, forget, hope, know, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, would like等。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to (see the film)．我请他看电影，但是他不想去。
5．介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词do的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等等看。
6．当不定式在be going to, be able to, have to, ought to, used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They don't go shopping as much as they used to (go shopping)．他们不像过去那样经常去购物了。
注意：
(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
(2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语be going to, be about to, be supposed to, have to, used to及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
①He didn't come, but he ought to have (come)． 他没来，但他应该来。
②—Are you a farmer? ——你是个农民吗？
—No, but I used to be (a farmer)． ——不是，但我过去是。
五、介词的省略
1. 一些常和动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing, be busy (in) doing, stop/prevent sb (from) doing 等。
*The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能准时到达那里。
2. 表示时间的介词at, on 和 in用在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, every, each, some, all 等词之前，一般都要省略；用在一段时间状语之前的 for 也可省略（否定句中不能省略 for）
*We have been here (for) three weeks. 我们在这儿已待了三周了。
六． 替代性省略
英语中, 可以使用so, not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can I put my bike here?
我可以把自行车放在这儿吗?
—You’d better not. 你最好不要。
七． 虚拟语气的省略
Were I you, I would apply for the job.
=If I were you, I would apply for the job.

Step 2 考点突破
高频词汇·情景破
考点1：occur v. 发生，出现；想起
【用法】
sth.occurs to sb.　 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……
It occurs to sb.that... 某人想到……
It occurs to sb.to do sth... 某人想到……
表示“某人想到……”还可以用下列句式：
①It strikes/hit(s) sb that...
②Sth strike(s) sb
③Sth come(s) to sb
④Sb hit(s) on/upon sth
他想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。
→It_occurred_to_him that he had left his keys in the office.(occur)
→It_hit_him that he had left his keys in the office.(hit)
→It_struck_him that he had left his keys in the office.(strike)
易混辨析　occur/happen/take place/break out
occur vi. 可指某事偶然发生或者按计划进行，可与happen互换，但比较正式。表示“某人想到(某事)”时，用(sth.) occur(s) to sb.
happen vi. 特指某事偶然发生。表示“某人发生了某事”，要用sth. happen(s) to sb.; happen to do sth. 表示“碰巧做某事”
take place 多指有计划、有目的、有步骤地发生，比如举办活动、发生变化等
break out 多指自然灾害、战争、疾病的爆发
以上这些表示“发生”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态

例1．【单句填空】
①I was going along the street looking for a place to park when an accident ____________ (occur)．
②When he lost his way in the forest last week, it occurred to him ____________ (phone) the police.
③______ occurred to him that he had an important meeting to attend the next morning.

考点2：announcement n．通告，公告
【用法】
(1) make an announcement　　　宣布
(2) announce vt. 宣布；通告；预示
announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
(3) announcer n. 播音员，广播员

例2．【单句填空】
①We all held our breath while Mr.Evans __________ (announce) the exam results.
②The talks are continuing, but no ___________________ (announce) are expected at this time.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③___________________ there'll be a celebration on National Day.
据宣布国庆节要举行庆祝会。

考点3： reliable adj. 可信赖的; 可靠的
【词汇积累】
(1)unreliable　 adj. 不可靠的
(2)rely v. 信任, 信赖; 依赖, 依靠
rely on/upon 依靠, 依仗
rely on sb. to do sth. =rely on sb. ‘s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on it that... 相信……；指望……

例3．【单句填空】
①He likes to do well and to be seen as (rely)
②You can rely on that it will rain this weekend.

考点4：：claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称；主张；索赔 n．要求；主张；声称
【用法】
(1)claim to do sth.　　　声称/主张做……
claim to have done sth. 声称做过某事
claim that... 声称……
(2)It is claimed that... 有人主张……；据说……


例4．【单句填空】
①Earthquakes ____________(claim)more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
②He claimed ____________ (be) a scholar but was not such.
③Tom claimed ____________ (see) an alien，but no one believed him.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④__________________ (据说) some teachers in our school are working 90 hours a week.

考点5：threaten v．威胁到，危及
【用法】
threat n．　 威胁，可能带来危险的人(事)
threatened adj. 受到威胁的，感到危险的
threatening adj. (行为)威胁的
Threaten sb to do sth 威胁某人做某事

例5．【单句填空】
①He threatened ________ (take) them to court.
②Japan's youth are losing interest in science and as a result，________ (threat) the nation's industrial progress.
③Even though some leaders and scientists have praised China's achievement in space technology, others regard China's progress as ________ threat.

考点6：pick up 拿起;卷起;掀起
【课文原句】Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station,I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot”.
我在地铁站捡到一份免费报纸, 看到标题是“热!热!热”。
pick up在该句子中表示“拿起”,同时,它还有“拾起;接收(信号);(偶然)学会;整理;接载;情况好转”等含义。
【相关短语】
pick out　 挑选出；了解；领会
pick on 挑选；选中；批评
pick and choose 挑三拣四，仔细挑选

例6．【单句填空】
①I have picked the bad tomatoes from the basket.
②The examiners can pick any student to answer questions.
He ____________________ some French words while living with a Frenchman.
他和一个法国人住在一起时学会了一些法语单词。
The school bus _______________ the children three times every day.
校车每天接送孩子们三次。

考点7:compare v. 比较;匹敌;比喻;相比　n.比较
【课文原句】This,however,is nothing compared to the train.然而,这与火车比起来不算什么。
compare为动词,在该句子中表示“比较,相比”。
Don’t compare your strength with others’ weakness,which is meaningless.
不要拿自己的长处和别人的短处做比较,这是没有意义的。
【词汇拓展】
compare ...with ...把……和……相比较
compare ...to ...把……比作……
compared to/with ...和……相比(通常作状语)
beyond/without compare无与伦比,举世无双
comparison n.比较;对照;比喻
in comparison with与……相比
例7．【单句填空】
①Many parents like comparing their own children ____________ their friends' children.
②As a famous saying goes，“Life is compared ______ a voyage.”
③____________ (compare) his camera with mine，I find mine is better.
＝____________ (compare) his camera with mine，and I find mine is better.
＝____________ (compare) with/to his camera, I find mine is better.
经典结构·情景破
考点 8. Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth, perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... 既然地球上很难避免灾难，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
考点七：本句中的now that“既然”, 引导原因状语从句, 其中的that可以省略
(1)引导原因状语从句的连词: now that, since, because, as, for等。
(2)引导原因状语的短语: due to, thanks to, because of等。

【即学即练】
①_____it is late, I shall go home now.
②The school was moved out of downtown __the number of students had grown too large.
③It must have rained last night, ___the ground is wet.
④__________the weather is fine, let’s go for a picnic.  

考点 9. not only. . . but also. . . 用法小结
not only. . . but also. . . 意为“不但……而且……”, 通常可以连接两个并列的谓语、宾语、表语、状语等, 还可以连接两个并列的句子。
(1)not only A but also B=B as well as A
(2)not only. . . but also. . . 连接两个分句时, 若not only位于句首, not only所在的分句要用部分倒装, but also后面的分句不倒装。
(3)not only. . . but also. . . 连接并列主语时, 谓语动词要遵循“就近一致原则”。
(4)not only只能连用, 而but also既可连用, 也可分开用, also也可省略。
【即学即练】
(1)语法填空
Not only a little girl but also adults _____ (have) a growing appetite for junk food nowadays.
(1) ____________________________ (她不仅许下了诺言), but she also kept it.  
(3)同义句转换
He speaks not only English and French but also Spanish.
①____________________________________________________. (改为not only位于句首的倒装句) 
②__________________________________________. (用as well as改写) 
考点 8. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.
暴风雨一来，他就不见了。
【句式剖析】
句中the moment相当于连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
[归纳拓展]
表示“一……就……”的结构有：
as soon as...
immediately/instantly/directly...,the second/instant/minute...
hardly＋主句(过去完成时)＋when＋从句(一般过去时)
no sooner＋主句(过去完成时)＋than＋从句(一般过去时)
on/upon doing/n.

【即学即练】
(1)____________ instant I see him I will tell him the good news that he has been admitted into the key university.
(2)The boy burst into tears ____________ (immediate) he saw his mother.
(3)________ moment I saw Mom lying there with an oxygen mask, I realized that I had to live on my own.

考点 9. If you were in the same situation as the author, what would you think and do？(P70)
如果你和作者的处境一样，你将会怎么想和做？
【句型剖析】
本句是主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，用动词的过去式表示现在动作的虚拟，主句用“would＋动词原形”形式。
⊙If I were you, I would read it again.
如果我是你的话，我会把它再读一遍。
⊙If you had asked her yesterday, you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天问她，你现在就知道该怎么办了。
⊙Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟的对象
从句
主句
与现在事
实相反
动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)
would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事
实相反
had ＋过去分词
would/should/could/might ＋
have＋过去分词

【即学即练】
(1)If he ________ (be) here yesterday, he would have seen my old friends.
(2)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ________ (not be) where I am.
(3)I __________ (regret) now if I hadn’t made the journey.


Step 3 考点过关
一、根据汉语意思填写单词（本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
1．The girl could pronounce the words very quickly and __________(准确地)．
2．When I arrived at the hall，a reporter was _______(预测) the weather the next day.
3．It is reported that more than 200 lives have been ______(夺去) in the accident.
4．We learned how to make a fire without matches and create a _______(庇护所) with branches and grass.  
5．China has sent up many man-made _________(卫星) into space in the last few years.
6．You’d better _______（抓住） every chance to study the knowledge related to self-help.
7．An active volcano could ______________(喷发) at any time!  
8．The club is facing an ______ （紧急情况）where it is badly short of funds.
9．Charities appealed for donations of food and clothing to victims of the _________(飓风).  
10．When you are there，be careful not to damage other people’s________（财产）.


二、用单词的适当形式完成句子（本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
1.John is very 　　　　(rely)—if he promises to do something, he will do it. 
2.Suddenly a good idea occurred 　　　　her, but she didn't know how to speak it out. 
3.A baby abandoned by its parents 　　　　　　　　(rescue) by an old man 20 years ago. 
4.The 　　　　　　(announce) was heard by millions of radio listeners this morning. 
5.Do you get up 　　　　　　(immediate) as soon as your alarm clock goes off in the early morning? 
6.It is reported that a third of Africa is under 　　　　(threaten) of desertification. 
7.Nobody knows 　　　　(precise) how many people are still living in the camp. 
8.　　　　　　 (exceptional) dry weather over the past year had cut agricultural production. 
9.The work is expected 　　　　　　　　(complete) in three months. 
10.Since you have finished your work, you are free to do 　　　　you like. 

三、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子（本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
从表中选择合适的词汇并用其适当的形式完成此文。(共10题：每题1分，满分10分)
get out of;take place;move on;turn up;fly off;turn to;
take a chance;at first;look out for;stay away from
1.It is a pity that some people can’t 　　　　　　　　at such a great festival for a variety of reasons. 
2.Please 　　　　　　　　　　the police for help when you get into trouble. 
3.The boy screamed,and the bird 　　　　　　　　　　. 
4.Usually you can correct your error or just forget about it and　　　　　　　　　　. 
5.　　　　　　　　　　the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them. 
6.The school trip will 　　　　　　　　　　as planned if the weather permits. 
7.You should never 　　　　　　　　　　when driving a car. 
8.I have to 　　　　　　　　　　bed to stop the phone ringing. 
9.If you don’t like cold weather,　　　　　　　　　northern schools. 
10.Sorry,I didn’t recognize you　　　　　　　,for it has been a long time since we last met. 

四、 完成句子。(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)
1. He just arrived .  
事情一发生, 他恰好就到了。
2. His parents died, a lot of money.  
他父母死了, 给他留下了许多钱。
3. She beautifully wonderfully.  
她不仅歌唱得好, 而且舞跳得也好。
4. This book is everyone wants to read it.  
这本书很有趣, 人人都想看看。
5. is her full-time job.  
下蛋是她的全职工作。
6. 他来这的目的就是看望他的老师，给她捎一个口信。
The purpose of his coming here is to visit his teacher and ________ ________ ________ ________．
7. 下一次来时带上你的手提电脑。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， bring your portable computer with you.
8. 我妈妈买过三件家用工具，但只有这一件是最漂亮的。
My mam has ever bought three household tools, but only this one ________ ________ ________ ________．
9. 她这次想通过考试，我也希望如此。
She wishes to pass the exam this time and ________ ________ ________， too.
10. 你应该去大夫的诊所，看看医生，特别是在疫情期间。
You should ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ and see the doctor, especially during the epidemic period.
Step 4 语言运用综合过关

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.