专题06 完形填空- ——【备考2023】高考英语大题精练 （新高考专用）（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份专题06 完形填空- ——【备考2023】高考英语大题精练 （新高考专用）（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题07语法填空-备考2023高考英语大题精练新高考专用解析版docx、专题07语法填空-备考2023高考英语大题精练新高考专用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题07  语法填空 语法填空题将语法知识的考查融于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考察学生的语法知识水平。语法填空题命题首先突出在以下四个方面的能力：语法加语境，语法与上下文，语法加比较辨析和情景会话用语；其次要讲究测试面广，涉及到的语法测试点要多，这也是愈发测试的一个非常重要的特色。如语法测试体的测试点包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句和it的用法等，在这些测试项目中，动词及非谓语动词形式又是重点中的测试重点，从这几年语法测试题看，动词的比例占有率相当大。因此语法填空题选材必须注意：所选句子的语言形式要正确，原汁原味，所选句子的意思要清晰明了，句子的语法结构功能可以完美地服务于句子的语义。 Researchers say they have found microplastics (微塑料) -tiny pieces of plastic that come as a result of the disposal of industrial waste-deep in the lungs of living ____1____ (human) for the first time.The research, which ____2____ (publish) in the journal Science of the Total Environment last week, is the first study ____3____ (identify) the plastics in the lungs of living people. The plastics have ____4____ (previous) been found in human blood, waste and in the depths of the ocean.In the study, researchers ____5____ (collect) lung tissue from surgical procedures on patients as part of their routine medical care. Researchers identified 12 types of microplastics, ____6____ are commonly found in bottles, packaging, and clothing, along with other manufacturing processes.The study notes ____7____ “increasing concern” with the harm that could come with swallowing and breathing in microplastics.The world produces about 300 million metric tons of plastic a year and about 80% ends ____8____ in landfills and other parts of the environment. Microplastics can range from 10 nano-meters-____9____ (small) than the human eye can see-to 5 millimeters in diameter, about the size of the eraser on the end of a pencil. Researchers have found them ____10____ (float) in the air, in tap or bottled water, and in the sea or soil.有提示词类：一、提示词为动词原形当给出的提示词为动词时，一般会考查动词的时态、语态或者非谓语动词。“一定三思”解“动词”一定  三思        二、提示词为形容词或副词“二步思维” 破 “形、副”第一步 ：如比较等级的变化首先考虑形容词或副词本身的变化。1.比较级常考查的四种情况:(1)句中含有“than...”结构用比较级。(2)句中虽然没有“than...”结构,但暗含比较的意味,也用比较级。(3)表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。(4)常放在比较级前面用来修饰比较级的词和短语有 much,far,still,even,rather,a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数等。2.平级比较的两个基本句式:(1)as+形容词(副词)原级+as..“和……一样”。 not as/so+形容词(副词)原级+as...“不如……”。(2)as+形容词原级a(n)+n.as..“和……一样”。3.否定词no，not，never等与比较级连用可表示最高级意义4.最高级的一个基本结构:表达在某个范围内“最……”,使用“the+最高级+比较范围”结构第二步 ：如果并非考查形容词或副词的比较等级，就需要考虑词类转换。二、提示词为名词名词复数的规则变化：(1)一般在名词词尾直接加-s，合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数,如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如:members成员;passers-by过路人.gn(2)词尾是-s，x，-ch，-sh时一般加-es。如:boxes,buses, foxes, glasses,coaches.注意:stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加-S。(3)词尾是辅音字母+y时,变y为-ies。如:studies研究; enemies敌人;difficulties难事。词尾是元音字母+y时，直接加 -s。如:keys 钥匙。(4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时,一般把f或fe去掉再加-ves。如:shelves 架子。注意:下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-s,如;roofs 房顶;chiefs首领;beliefs信仰。(5)  词尾是o的名词,有些直接加-s,有些加-es。如:pianos钢琴; photos 相片;zoos动物园;tomatoes 番茄;potatoes 土豆。三．提示词为代词1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法(1)人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格,作表语时多用宾格。(2)形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语。名词性物主代词可以作主语、宾语和表语,不能用于名词前(3)反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者,可以在句中作宾语、表语、同位语,不能单独作主语。2.根据代词充当的成分进行判断如果位于宾语或表语位置一般应该用宾格代词、反身代词或者名词性物主代词;如果作定语,常用形容词性物主代词。总之，正确分析句子成分，注意区分代词的性别人称、数和意义的差别是解决此类题目的关键。无提示词类一．无提示词之填介词  常用介词的使用规则(1)with的主要含义:①(表示状态)具有，带有②(表示伴随)随着③(表示原因)由于,因为④(表示关系)和……起⑤(表示用途)用……(2)for 的主要含义:①为了 ②代表 ③因为,由于 ④赞成，支持⑤就……而言 ⑥达(表示延续的时间)(3)in 的主要含义:①在(某段时间)之后 ②穿着(表示状态或状况)③处于……中④(表示使用的语言、材料等)用….⑤在……方面 ⑥(方向)以……方向(4)to的主要含义和用法:①(表示方向)朝……,向……②(表示程度)到……,达到……③在某些名词后常跟介词to,如:key,answer,vis it,apology,solution,attitude,devotion,entrance 等(5)beyond的主要含义:①(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处②(表示程度)超出，非……所能及(6)against的主要含义:①(表示态度)反对 ②(表示对比)以……为背景③(表示方位)倚靠着……2.名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面可以考虑填介词介词可位于名词之前，如at night，on Sunday等:也可位于形容词之后,如be interested in,be good at等;还可位于不及物动词之后,如listen to,arrive at, look for 等。二．无提示词之填冠词1.不定冠词a/an的常考点(1)表示泛指某个人或事物。(2)表示“某一个”,相当于a certain(3)具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。如:a success一个成功的人或一件成功的事;a pleasure一件令人高兴的事;a comfort一个莫大的安慰。(4)表示“每……”,多用于速度、价格等表达中。(5)用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。(6)不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如:a waste of浪费……;all of a sudden 突然地;as a rule通常;as a result of 由于……;as a whole 总体上;for a while一会儿。2.定冠词the的常考点(1)定冠词特指某人、某事或某物。(2)在序数词和形容词最高级前面或由only,very, me等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。如:the very per n正是那个人。(3)某些形容词前面加定冠词,表示某类人或物。(4)用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the way,by the week,by the dozen, by the yard 等,但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight/height 等。(5)定冠词在短语中的习惯用法on the whole 总体上 to tell the truth 说实话 on the contrary相反in the end最后二．无提示词之填代词1.it的用法(1) it可用作人称代询用来指代事物成上文提到过的内容。(2) it作形式主话或形式宾语代指不定式动词-ing形式、名调性从句。(3)表示*喜欢、憎恨”等心理方面的动词后常接计作形式宾语、然后再楼真正实语(宾语从句)，这类动词有enjoy，prefer, love, like. hate, dislike, appreciate 等.2.不定代词和替代词的用法(1)both,either,neither 都强调两者，可作主语、宾语和定语。neither 表示“两者都不”，either 表示"两者中任何一个"，both表示“再者都”。(2)all 和 none 都强调三者戎三者以上,ll 表示“全部都”，面 none 表示”全都都不”。(3)another 表示“(三者以上中的)另一个,再一个”。the other 意为“(满者中的)另一个”。other 意为“其余的。另外的"。others泛指其余的人或物。 (4)that/these 可用来替代前面出现过的名词。that替代单数名词或不可数名间，面those 替代复数名词放集合名词。(5)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。3.缺少主语或宾语，可以考虑填代词。所填代词主要是人称代调及作形式主语、宾语或强调司式的it三．无提示词之填并列连词(1)若两个或两个以上的单词或短语之间没有连词,此时就考虑填连接词。主要的连词有表示并列关系的and和表示选择关系的or等。(2)并列句一般由“简单句+并列连词+简单句”构成,有时并列连词前有逗号,可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如同等关系(and)转折关系(but)选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。四．无提示词之填从句连词从句连词是指三大从句的引导词，它们用来引导名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。(1)名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语,如果缺少以上成分,一般情况下要使 what,有时可能使用who/whom或which;如果不缺少以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,完整的句子可以使用 that,意想完整的则考虑if/whether,where,why,how, because 等。(2)定语从句:当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他,然后判断引导词在从句中的成分。再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。一、The Grand Canal is the oldest and longest man-made waterway in the world with a history of more than 2,500 years,____1____construction started in the Spring and Autumn Period. The 1794 kilometers’ waterway is 22 times____2____length of the Panama Canal. It is a golden waterway second only to the Yangtze River in China. The Grand Canal runs from Zhejiang to Beijing____3____(pass) through six provinces and two municipalities and connects five main river systems.The canal____4____( function) as the backbone of the ancient empire’s inland communication and trading systems. Grain, salt,____5____(log) and silk were transported along the canal to all directions. Scores of towns along the banks developed, contributing ____6____(huge) to ancient China’s economy. The canal enormously promoted economic interaction and cultural exchange between the north____7____south, which ensured the country’s____8____(stable).In 2014. it was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site. In 2019 China issued a plan____9____(construct) national cultural parks for the Grand Canal. During the last 2 years, building the Grand Canal national cultural parks_____10_____(recognize) as a key task in the 14th Five-Year Plan. In future, cities along the Grand Canal will form a new cultural belt, green belt and tourism belt.二、Unlike most of her fellow postgraduates, who found jobs in big cities, Zhang Xiaoyang, after graduation from Zhejiang University three years ago, chose to go to DunHuang Academy, ____11____ (land) a job as an archaeologist.Despite being the world’s largest treasure of Buddhist art, living conditions in Dunhuang, which sits in the Gobi Desert in Northwest China’s Gansu province, ____12____ (be) tougher than in China’s big cities. People working here have to battle with sand and wind and suffer from ____13____ (lonely).Zhang, ____14____ her late 20s, has an intense routine. Assigned two stressful tasks, she spends most of the day  ____15____ (absorb) in her world with the excavation team in Tianwangtang. At night. she writes academic reports on the discoveries in Cave 254, which ____16____ (create) during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534).“Dunhuang is a place of magic. For those who once planned to work here ____17____ (temporary), maybe it will be a few years ____18____ they move to bigger cities. But I’m totally fascinated by the site and amazed at ____19____ the ancient people lived in the desert around then. So I have decided to stay for decades,” said Zhang Xiaoyang.Her story is featured in The Master of Dunhuang, ______20______ three—episode documentary, currently available on the streaming site Tencent Video, which has gained a lot of attention online. 一、（2023·江苏南京·校联考一模）On the Internet, a sea of articles advise us how to make sleep perfect. Also, lots of advice columns tell us we’re sleeping wrong. Even ___1___ (bad), some experts claim that if you’re not sleeping right your life is going to be shorter. What makes us ___2___ (trap) in worries most is that we’re not getting enough, less than seven hours a  night. But there are two problems.The first problem is that seven to eight hours of sleep, while recommended for adults, is just ___3___ average. It’s true that not getting enough sleep in the long term ___4___ (associate) with health problems. But a good night’s sleep can be different for different people. Some adults need eight, ___5___ some are just fine on six.The second problem is that it can be misleading, especially for people who do have trouble ___6___ (sleep). For instance, nowadays, large numbers of adults are wearing sleep tracking ___7___ (device). It’s cool to see how much sleep you’ve gotten each night and to know what part of your night was spent in deep sleep or dreaming. But having all of that sleep data is causing some people to become worried or concerned, ___8___ is causing more sleep problems.According to Dr. Colleen Carney, head of the Ryerson University Sleep Lab, the basic questions you should ask yourself are: Do I feel ___9___ (reasonable) well-rested during the day? Do I generally sleep through the night to dawn? Or, if I wake, do I fall back asleep easily? Can I stay awake through the day ____10____ unconsciously falling asleep? If your answers are yes, you probably don’t need to worry about your sleep.二、（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）For Greek photographer George Doupas, Beijing is home now. During the past decade, he has been photographing the city, capturing its beauty ___11___ sharing these photos online and in exhibitions. “This ___12___ (true) represents Beijing — the old and the new, nicely mixing together, ” Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple, a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It ___13___ (locate) in front of a modern office building, Galaxy SOHO, which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways. With rich historical heritage, Beijing ___14___ (be)an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets ___15___ (lose) in the city’s splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city ___16___(combine) high-end businesses and various industries. “It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past, which is ___17___ I decided to pursue my career here,” he said. Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China, hoping to serve as ___18___ bridge between China and the West. The ___19___ (display) that show his photos about Beijing have attracted a large audience in Greece and the Czech Republic. “I call Beijing my home now,” he said, “I’ll keep sharing photos of China ___20___ the rest of the world.”三、（2023·湖北·校联考三模）With the World Cup successfully held in Qatar, “made in China” objects are having increasing presence in the biggest football celebration across the globe, with Chinese brands betting on sponsorship ____21____ (enhance) their international influence, Beijing Business Today reported. Data showed Chinese companies provided ____22____ (much) sponsorship tax income than companies from any other country at the 2022 World Cup, ____23____ (rank) as the world’s top with nearly $1.4 billion. Apart from big companies, manufacturers from Yiwu, China’s small commodity (商品) center, also witnessed their growing influence during the world-famous sports event. From footballs and national flags ____24____ horns and whistles, over 60 percent of souvenirs ____25____ (produce) in Yiwu for this years’ World Cup. “In terms of the ____26____ (globe) industrial supply chain, ‘made in Yiwu’, has already become a worldwide commercial symbol originating from China, ____27____ indicates reliance and trust”, said Song Xiangqing, an economist and the vice-president of the Commerce Economy Association of China. CCTV news reported that Chinese companies mainly from Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces have also provided more than 10,000 container houses for the World Cup, ____28____ (use) as accommodation for tourists and football fans. “The World Cup sponsorship by ____29____ large number of Chinese companies is a _____30_____ (demonstrate) of China’s economic power, and makes the globe feel the power of Chinese brands,” Song said.四、（2022·山东·山东省实验中学校考三模）Nowadays feeling stressed from time to time is extremely common in society. On many occasions your doctor said he could not find anything wrong with you. Perhaps you were advised to go to the hospital again and again, but all the fancy equipment there still ___31___ (show) there was nothing wrong with you and you were often puzzled at the conclusion. Then probably you might be in a state of sub-health. Sub-health, also ___32___ (call) the third state or the grey state, is referred to ___33___ a borderline between health and disease. The reason why people catch such kind of disease is not that clear.According to ___34___ investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of sub-healthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage among people ___35___ work in important management positions is even ___36___ (high) than that of the students around the exam time, due to ___37___ (they) heightened exposure to stress. The key to preventing and ___38___ (recover) from sub-health, according to some medical experts, is to form good habits, alternate work with rest, exercise ___39___ (regular) and take an active part in open-air activities. As for meals, they should eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and fish which are rich in nutritional ____40____ (element)—that are significant to the body.五、（2023·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测）Anyone who has an interest in Dunhuang will have heard of Fan Jinshi. The Chinese archaeologist ___41___ has spent more than half a century researching and preserving the caves at the heart of the ancient Silk Road in Gansu Province ___42___(know) as the “Daughter of Dunhuang” in her field, though “protector” is probably a more fitting ___43___(describe).Fan has been studying the historical site since the early 1960s, first as an archaeology undergraduate from Peking University, then as a conservationist when she ___44___(become) the deputy director of the Dunhuang Research Academy in 1984, which serves to prevent the ancient site ___45___ being destroyed.“It is over a thousand years old. It is an old person, an ___46___(extreme) weak old person. It has ___47___(variety) illnesses. If you are a little careless, it could be gone. Gone forever,” Fan says.Today, thanks to the work of great ___48___(archaeologist) such as Fan, Dunhuang is proud of the world’s largest and best-preserved collection of Buddhist relics ___49___(date) from the 15th to the 13th centuries. The main Mogao site is made up of 735 caves spread across a 1,700-metre-wide cliff face, containing 45,000 square metres of murals(壁画) ____50____ more than 2,000 colourful sculptures. 一、（2022·全国·统考高考真题）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___1___ (fall) child. Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.  ___2___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___3___ (sleep) while watching TV. Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___4___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___5___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___6___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him. Henry ___7___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___8___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. He saved my ___9___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___10___ to thank him.”"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.二、（2022·全国·高考真题）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___11___ (cover)an area about three times ___12___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___13___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___14___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___15___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___16___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___17___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___18___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve ___19___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____20_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.三、（2022·全国·高考真题）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___21___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___22___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___23___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___24___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___25___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___26___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao ___27___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___28___ (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___29___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____30____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.四、（2022·全国·高考真题）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___31___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___32___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___33___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___34___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___35___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___36___ (share) future for mankind,” he said. The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___37___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.  ___38___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___39___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____40_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.五、（2021·全国·统考高考真题）I've always loved the ocean. In the____41____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____42____ (think)it is food.I decided to do something ____43____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____44____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）.  I found the contact information of the company____45____ emailed its president. I told him how ____46____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____47____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____48____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____49____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____50_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.