专题05 阅读理解七选五- ——【备考2023】高考英语大题精练 （新高考专用）（原卷版+解析版）

专题05  阅读理解七选五

七选五作为高考英语全国卷中的一道必考和重点题型，考查以说明文为主，内容、主题多是社会生活和文化科技；题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。主要考查考生的逻辑能力,包括整篇语言逻辑和句与句之间上下文逻辑关系的判断;备选答案中含有两个干扰选项,这两个干扰选项在表面上看往往与正确答案有一定的相关性,这给考生解题带来很大的困难；文章篇幅较长，解题时间有限，一旦出错，往往一错错一串，是特别容易丢分的题型。与完形填空相比,补全短文空缺的是5个句子，无法从句子层面寻找线索，所以分析语篇结构和理清空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系显得异常重要。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试，因此在要求上远远高于这两种题型。考生有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习，以提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。

Fake news spreads rapidly, especially on social media. As students progress in their education, they need to be able to distinguish fake news stories from true, fact-checked journalism. ____1____

Check the history and reputation of the author and publication

Most fake news sites have just existed for a short time. ____2____ If it’s sharing a popular article disgracing a politician running for office in 2020, for example, but the website itself is newly-created, it’s likely that the article and site are not trustworthy.

____3____

When a big news event occurs, multiple media organizations will report it. Search for other publications that have posted stories about the news. If no other news outlets are reporting the story, it’s probably a fake.

Be cautious about sensational (耸人听闻的) headlines

Fake news is designed to strike an immediate emotional chord in audiences by using an alarming headline. Often people share such a story based merely on the headline. ____4____ If a headline seems ridiculous, or simply lacks the ring of truth, search for reliable sources that confirm the accuracy of the story.

Carefully examine photos and other media accompanying the stories

____5____ If you see a shocking or particularly engaging photo or video in an article, take a moment to determine whether it is intended only to arouse an emotional reaction in readers. Use a service such as TinEye to find where else it appears. Often, there is an original version that tells a different story.

A．They even haven’t read the article itself.

B．Here’s our advice on how to spot a fake.

C．Compare the news with some other big news.

D．Determine whether other media are reporting the same news.

E．Fake news providers often use eye-catching photos or videos.

F．Photos and videos used in news are usually very beautiful and attractive.

G．You can find out that by entering its address in the Domain Age Checker.

技巧1：依据词汇线索

词汇线索主要包括代词线索和词汇复现两种情况。

(1)代词线索

英语表达中,代词出现的频率极高。代词主要是为避免重复,用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。

(2)词汇复现

词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语,往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句子中关键词(常为名词、动词、形容词)的同义词、近义词(组)或反义词(组)复现的方式来实现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。

技巧2：依据逻辑和衔接关系

文章由段落组成,围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系,有总分、并列、层递、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系等。“七选五”阅读理解的解题策略之一就是理清这些关系,并据此选出正确答案。

技巧3：依据空格位置

(1)空格在段首

当某段开头处设空时,通常要填的内容是该段的主题句，考生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索词，然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词。一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的。

(2)空格在段中

当设空在段中时,通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查的逻辑关系：总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系7大关系。有时会出现下列衔接词语:first，second，then，next, later,soon, so, but, however, additionally, what's more , that is, namely,  in other words,  for one thing...for an- other 等。

(3)空格在段尾

当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句。是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句,考生应快速浏览七个备选项,注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论总结等的信号词,如so，therefore, as a result, in short， in a word，all in all 等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。

一、

Pushing yourself out of your comfort zone and try something a little scary can help you get into the habit not of failing but of learning from each new experience. Try the following:

____1____ The good news is that you needn’t go abroad in order to make a fool of yourself! There are almost certain to be restaurants in your city run by people who do not speak the same first-language as you. Don’t worry if your grasp of their language is imperfect. ____2____ And who cares if they laugh!? Laugh along with them.

Date someone you would normally avoid. Obviously, this does not mean dating someone you find unattractive or threatening. But, let’s say you are a man and normally date girls who are ambitious and career-minded. Of course, the date may be a complete disaster. You may even find yourself reduced to silence, while she sits there looking bored to death. ____3____

Try cooking a meal for family or friends. If you are the sort of person who finds toasted sandwiches complicated, try making a three course meal for friends. Remember, you are learning to approach failure in a new way. If that seems too big a deal, try simply cooking dinner for your partner. ____4____ You may use too much sugar, or leave the meat in for too long, or not realize that you should have placed it on the bottom shelf of the oven, or whatever. A week later, try the same meal again, this time correcting your mistakes. ____5____ You can be sure that your favourite chef messed up her signature dish numerous times before she got it right—indeed, that is how she got it right!

A．Order food in a foreign language.

B．Learn to value and even accept failure.

C．Things will almost certainly go wrong.

D．But it will at least be a new kind of experience.

E．But failure does have valuable lessons to teach.

F．The waiters will almost certainly appreciate your effort.

G．Cooking is an excellent example of how people learn through failure.

二、

How to Plan the Graduation Trip

Graduation is around the corner, and so is the trip of your lifetime. There are many amazing reasons to plan your perfect graduation trip. You may want a break from school.____6____. Or you may want some quality time away from your regular schedule with your friends. Whatever the reason, taking a graduation trip is a great boost for you before you leave your home and head to the big world. Here are some expert tips for planning the trip of your life.

____7____

Before you start your research on your trip, it will be a good idea to set your budget. You have to estimate the cost of flights, accommodations, food, taxi rides, gifts, and so on.

Adding a 10％ buffer (缓冲) to each line item won’t harm you in any way if you end up spending a little more. ____8____.

Research destinations

Once you have set your budget, start to explore various destinations within your budget. ____9____. You might need to explore a place in-depth, go to a place with lots of sports and activities, or a place where you want to relax while enjoying it. Please read the reviews of the travelers who have enjoyed the destination trip and find out about their attractions, dining, and sights.

Get your documents ready

Don’t wait until the last moment to have your documents in order. Take enough time to work on all your proper forms and documents beforehand. ____10____

A．Create your budget

B．Try your best to save money

C．Check out what kind of destinations would suit you

D．You may want to celebrate all the hard work in a fun way

E．It’s always important to check the reviews before you go somewhere

F．Also, it would be an excellent idea if you set aside some money for emergencies

G．Also, check if the paperwork needs to be done while entering your chosen destination

一、

（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考一模）Men’s sport has for decades benefited from what investors call a “flywheel effect”. Big broadcast and sponsorship deals throw money into the game readily.____1____. That, in turn, generates even more money the next time around.

Women’s sport has long suffered the opposite phenomenon.____2____With few games available, viewers cannot tune in, and few viewers means little money.

The flywheel may, at last, be starting to turn round.____3____The first quarter of 2022 saw the highest viewership, up by around 50% on 2019, the last full year before the pandemic. Women’s sport is resisting a general trend for people to watch less television. Streaming (流媒体), meanwhile, offers a way to show games without expensive deals with broadcasters, helping to build fanbases.

____4____Viewership of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) in America rose by 50% in 2021 compared with 2020. In February, the WNBA felt confident, raising $75 million and valuing it at $I billion. The prize pool for this year’s Women’s Championship is $16 million, double the value in 2017.

One big change is that several big rights-holders, including FIFA and World Rugby, now sell, sponsorship rights for women’s events, separately, rather than bonded with the men’s tournaments.____5____

A．Start with viewing figures.

B．Money is starting to follow eyeballs.

C．Many associations fund the women’s sports.

D．Some think sponsors get a better deal with women’s sports.

E．Broadcasters have unwillingly shown it without being sure that people will watch.

F．That attracts more players and raises the level of play, which helps attract more viewers.

G．That forces buyers and sellers to think about exactly how much such rights might be worth.

二、

（2023·山东潍坊·统考一模）There are few natural sounds more uplifting to my spirit than the bright and cheering calls and songs of black-capped chickadees (山雀). One of my morning routines is to step outside the house and listen for the voices of black-caps.

There is something comforting to me in black-caps’ presence. ____6____ Sometimes they are the only birds I’ll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.

After I’d moved into a house on Anchorage’s Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home’s back. ____7____ For each, the routine was similar: dashed in, looked around, pecked (啄) at the tray, looked around again, and dashed out. Nervous little creatures, full of bright energy, they soon had me laughing at their funny way, By the time they moved on, I sensed an all-too-rare upwelling of fascination and joy.

Within days, a whole new world opened up as woodland neighbors I’d never known, or even imagined, joined the black-caps at my feeders: red-breasted nuthatches, common redpolls…What was remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area. ____8____

My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me. ____9____ I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks. Excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger. Purchased 50-pound bags of sunflower seeds. All of this seemed very strange to a middle-aged guy who’d never been attracted by birds. Even more, I had previously judged bird watchers to be rather dull sorts.

____10____ They’ve reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention. What else awaits me in our world, I wonder, that I haven’t yet discovered or noticed?

A．Nature always amazed me in its own way.

B．Yet in prior days and years, I had no idea.

C．Black-caps are a sign of good environment.

D．Within a day, black-caps accepted my invitation to dine.

E．Black-caps have had a special place at the top of my affections.

F．What started as mere curiosity flowered into a consuming passion.

G．And much more often than not, they are heard before they’re seen.

三、

（2023·江苏南京·校联考一模）Calendars are for managing your time. They work overtime to keep the messiness of human life confined into neat little grids, squeezing our lives into seconds, minutes and hours. I appreciate a calendar’s determined efforts to manage time. ___11___ For the past several years, I’ve kept a planner with me at all times. The real magic in planners, to me, comes in the blank space where I reflect on the past and imagine the future. Cracking open a fresh week’s layout on a Monday morning and seeing the empty pages expand like a canvas waiting to be filled, the tone of the week yet to be set, the possibilities endless.

You start by creating a wish list for your ideal life. The idea is to be as specific as possible. You then pick the one goal that would have the biggest positive impact. You break that goal down into smaller tasks, and then prioritize them. ___12___ This method turns a general idea in your head into something that you can actually accomplish. From there, you can reflect every month on how you spent your time, and whether what you did actually is consistent with the goals you set.

___13___ It leaves no digital footprint, but it does leave a paper trail that you can look back on for years to come. It doesn’t buzz impatiently when you don’t look at it, and it will not be exported to Outlook. It requires you to sit in quiet conversation with yourself, reflecting on your past and visualizing your future. It forces me to answer hard truths, like what do I really want out of life and am I spending my days in line with who I want to be. ___14___

Planning helps me ensure that I’m not a passenger at the mercy of my calendar, but rather driving toward a destination that I choose. ___15___ And some really nice pens.

A．Then, add those tasks to the calendar.

B．There’s no pressure to make it perfect.

C．But planners are for dreaming without limits.

D．It’s easy to appreciate calendars for their usefulness.

E．Using a paper planner brings me both joy and a sense of calm.

F．It’s an important ritual (仪式) that deserves weight and ceremony.

G．After all, our lives are the sum of how we spend our time and what we pay attention to.

四、

（2023·河北·校联考模拟预测）Entrepreneurs(企业家)should have the gift of seeing things in the present, even if they are in the future. To start a successful start-up, three simple things are needed. ___16___

Time management. Managing time efficiently is the feature of a successful business. Smart management of time and resources implies a well-thought-out plan and a smooth-oiled work culture. Prioritizing time, resources, and staff based on the tasks at hand will also ensure that important tasks will get done. ___17___

The right work, by the right person. Working on the right thing by the right person is probably the only thing more important than working hard. Do not hesitate to delegate(授权委派)when the situation calls for it. ___18___Every time you state what you want, it is a message to both you and the others about what you think is possible. In the end, nothing should stop you or your team from giving the best. Each member of the team should work to understand exactly where their strengths are and work together to ensure that every task gets completed by the person with the best expertise.

___19___ The start-up community is a close web group. Seek out fellow entrepreneurs and talk to them about the challenges and thrills you are facing on your entrepreneurial journey. Networking events and social media are a great platform to meet entrepreneurs and learn about their experiences. ___20___And an Entrepreneur Workshop like Ivy Early Entrepreneur is the best place to grow your network and find mentors(导师).

A．Grow intelligently.

B．Meet, network, share.

C．Remember, time is money!

D．Have confidence in your abilities.

E．Here are a few tips for you to follow.

F．They also provide an opportunity to form valuable partnerships.

G．Take care of your health and everything else will take care of itself.

五、

（2023·湖北·校联考三模）The Adoption Option

Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people who want to add an animal companion. ____21____

An affordable choice. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred and “designer” crossbred dogs and cats, but rescue pets have a lot going for them and can be more affordable to purchase.

Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to rehome their pet — divorce, lack of suitable accommodation, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. ____22____

Adult animals have benefits. Generally, if you decide to buy a pet from breeders, only very young animals are available. ____23____ And there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. They will already be desexed, microchipped and vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. Most importantly what you see is what you get-a young animal’s behavior may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behavior should be evident, so no surprises.

____24____ You should only adopt a dog or cat from a reputable shelter or rescue group. A behavioral trainer will assess the temperament (脾气) of every dog and cat before they’re put up for adoption. The staff should ask you lots of questions about your lifestyle so they can advise which dogs and cats will best suit your family. Ongoing behavior and training advice should be available, and you should be able to return the pet if things don’t work out.

To keep in mind. ____25____ For example, you need to think carefully about how you will care for it — there’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing rescue animals appropriately. The costs, the necessary space and the age of people in your home are also important factors you should consider.

A．Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source.

B．But shelters have a wide range of pets for you to choose from.

C．It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle.

D．Similar to many things, the price of owning a pet has been increasing.

E．You should take into account the amount of exercise your pet will need.

F．Thus, some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed.

G．There are lots of online searches for possible pet adopters to choose an ideal pet.

一、

（2022·全国·统考高考真题）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.

 ___1___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___2___ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.

The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___3___ Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.

The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___4___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. ___5___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.

A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.

B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.

C．The second draft of the essay should be better.

D．First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.

E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.

F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.

G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.

二、

（2022·全国·高考真题）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___6___”  With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___7___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___8___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___9___

You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___10___ Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.

C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.

D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?

F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

三、

（2022·全国·高考真题）Important Things to Know When Dining Out

Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___11___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.

Chopstick Rules

The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___12___.

Hands or Utensils (餐具)

In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___13___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.

Making Requests

 ___14___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.

Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___15___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.

A．The more friends you make in your lifetime

B．The more time you spend in any given country

C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils

D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant

E．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate

F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them

G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal

四、

（2022·全国·高考真题）Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.

·Set a regular date

Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.

·More isn’t always merrier

Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.

·Practise empathy (共情)

___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.

· ___19___

Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.

·Don’t rely on technology alone

___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.

A．Remember important dates

B．Compensate by writing letters

C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper

D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it

E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication

F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media

G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind

五、

（2022·浙江·统考高考真题）I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____21____

Pick the most important.

____22____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.

Combine your activities.

Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____23____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.

____24____

You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.

Lighten up.

The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____25____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.

A．Speed up.

B．Be an active learner.

C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.

D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.

E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.

F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.

G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.