英语人教版 (2019)Unit 1 People of Achievement同步练习题

人教版2019 选择性必修一Unit 1 Section C 课后

综合练提升能力

基础知识自测

I单句语法填空

1. Although she___________（found）her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. (所给词的适当形式填空)

2. The captain of the ship was advised to turn back due___________a sudden heavy storm.(介词填空)

3. Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion___________discovery and lifelong learning in science , math and technology. (介词填空)

4. Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even___________（extraordinary）. (所给词的适当形式填空)

5. Over 300 years its population grew___________(gradual)from 800 people to 8 million. (所给词的适当形式填空)

6. This led to an unexpected___________（consequent）, though she had a wonderful time there. (所给词的适当形式填空)

7. Peter will take___________his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. (用适当的单词填空)

8. I___________（encounter）many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. (所给词的适当形式填空)

9. It is important to remember that success is___________sum of small efforts made each day and often take years to achieve. (冠词填空)

10. Much time___________（spend）sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (所给词的适当形式填空)

学科素养提升

语法填空

语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

World-famous physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76. He died____11____(peaceful)at his home in Cambridge in the early____12____(hour)of Wednesday.

Hawking was known____13____the public for his work with black holes and relativity, and wrote several popular science books , including A Brief History of Time. At the age of 22, Prof. Hawking____14____(give)only a few years to live after doctors declared that he suffered from a rare disease. The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was ____15____(able)to speak except through a voice synthesizer(合成器).

Prof. Hawking was the first ____16____(set)out a theory of cosmology(宇宙学)explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He also discovered that black holes____17____(leak)energy and fade to nothing—a phenomenon that would____18____(late)become known as Hawking radiation. Through his work with mathematician Sir Roger Penrose, he proved that Einstein's general theory of relativity suggests space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and____19____end in black holes.

In a statement his children praised his "courage and persistence" and said his "brilliance and humour" inspired people across the world. They added, "He once said, 'It would not be much of a universe_____20_____it wasn't home to the people you love.' We will miss him forever."

阅读理解

Barbara McClintock was one of the most important scientists of the twentieth century. She made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes（染色体）.

Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut. Her family moved to the Brooklyn area of New York City in 1908. Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music. She also developed an interest in science.

She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921. Years later, she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics.

Barbara McClintock decided to study botany, the scientific study of plants, at Cornell University. She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923. McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell. She completed a Master 's degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate.

McClintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education. She taught students botany. The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the Great Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.

An old friend from Cornell, Marcus Morton Rhoades, invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941 working at the Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory. It was a research centre on Long Island, near New York City. McClintock started in a temporary job with the genetics department. A short time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.

By the 1970s, her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research. McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes. She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize.

21. When did McClintock get a doctorate degree?

A. In 1921. B. In 1923. C. In 1925. D. In 1927.

22. In the middle of the Great Depression in the US,          .

A. male geneticists were in great demand

B. young scientists might have trouble finding a job

C. female geneticists were not in demand at all

D. male scientists lost their jobs and were out of work

23. Which of the following jobs was beneficial to McClintock's research?

A. A job as a botany teacher.

B. A temporary job in the genetics department.

C. A permanent position in the laboratory.

D. A job to research cancer.

24. Why was McClintock awarded a Nobel Prize?

A. Because she received a degree in genes and chromosomes.

B. Because she contributed to genetic engineering and cancer research.

C. Because she made important discoveries about genes and chromosomes.

D. Because she was the first American woman who studied genes and chromosomes.

答案

1.【答案】founded

【详解】考查时态。句意：虽然她很早就创立了自己的公司，但她的主要动力不是利润。此处从句缺乏谓语动词，根据主句的一般过去时（wasn't driven）可知，从句讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填founded。

2. 【答案】to

【详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意：由于突如其来的暴风雨，船长被建议掉头回去。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语due to，意为“由于”，句中指由于暴风雨的到来，符合句意，to为介词词性，与due一起构成短语。故填to。

3.【答案】for

【详解】考查介词。句意：自1962年以来，太平洋科学中心一直致力于科学、数学和技术领域的发现和终身学习。表示“对……的激情”短语为a passion for…。故填for。

4. 【答案】more extraordinary

【详解】考查比较级。句意：在这种背景下，政府内部就是否发布一份关于风力发电场对农村影响的官方报告存在争议，这一事实变得更加不同寻常。空格前是even，用来修饰比较级表示程度。故填more extraordinary。

5. 【答案】gradually

【详解】考查副词。句意：300多年来，它的人口从800逐渐增长到800万。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词grow，故填gradually。

6. 【答案】consequence

【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管她在那里过得很愉快，但还是发生了意想不到的后果。分析句子可知，此处应用consequent的名词consequence“后果”作为介词to的宾语，由an判断用该名词的单数形式，故填consequence。

7. 【答案】up

【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：彼得将在下个月底就任旅行社经理一职。固定搭配take up one's post（担任职务）。故填up。

8.【答案】encountered

【详解】考查时态。句意：我遇到许多徒步旅行者，他们正前往一个遥远的营地，刚好有足够的时间在天黑前到达那里。由句中的were headed可知encounter发生在过去，故填encountered。

9.【答案】a

【详解】考查冠词。句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天做出的小努力的总和，往往需要几年才能实现。此处是短语a sum of“一笔”，故填a。

10. 【答案】spent

【详解】考查独立主格。句意：由于办公室职员在书桌前坐很长时间，他们普遍被健康问题困扰。逗号前是独立主格结构，time和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，故填spent。

【答案】

11. peacefully    12. hours    13. to    14. was given    15. unable  

16. to set    17. leak    18. later    19. an    20. if

【分析】这是一篇说明文。举世闻名的物理学家霍金在76岁时去世。他因为黑洞和相对论的著作而闻名，他的书包括《时间简史》等。

【11题详解】

考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词die，故填peacefully。

【12题详解】

考查名词的数。此处是固定短语in early hours“凌晨”，故填hours。

【13题详解】

考查介词。此处是固定短语be known to sb.“为某人所熟知”，故填to。

【14题详解】

考查时态和语态。根据上文的at the age of 22可知此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语Hawking和give之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was given。

【15题详解】

考查形容词。句意：疾病让他只能坐在轮椅里，他不能说话，除非通过一个语音合成器。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语be unable to do sth.“不能做某事”，故填unable。

【16题详解】

考查不定式。分析句子可知，此处考查名词被序数词修饰或本身就是序数词时，应用不定式作为后置定语，故填to set。

【17题详解】

考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，因从句讲述客观事实，故用一般现在时，主语black holes是复数，故谓语动词用原形，故填leak。

【18题详解】

考查副词。句意：这种现象就是后来大家所知的霍金辐射。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用副词later“后来”作状语符合语境，故填later。

【19题详解】

考查冠词。根据前文的a beginning in the Big Bang可知此处意为“一个结束”，其表达为an end，故填an。

【20题详解】

考查连词。句意：如果它不是你所爱的人的家，它就不会是一个多大的宇宙。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用连词if“如果”符合语境，故填if。

【答案】21. D    22. B    23. C    24. C

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述芭芭拉·麦克林托克的经历，她是二十世纪最重要的科学家之一，在基因和染色体方面有重大发现并获得诺贝尔奖。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段最后两句She completed a Master's degree in 1925. Two years later, she finished all her requirements for a doctorate. 她于1925年获得硕士学位。两年后，她完成了博士学位的所有要求。可知，麦克林托克于1927年获得博上学位，故选D。

【22题详解】

推理判断题。由第五段The 1930s was not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States. The country was in the middle of the Great Depression. Millions of Americans were unemployed. Male scientists were offered jobs. But female geneticists were not much in demand.

在美国，20世纪30年代不是一个年轻科学家的好时代。当时美国正处于大萧条时期。数百万美国人失业。男性科学家得到了工作。但当时对女性遗传学家的需求并不大。可推出，年轻的科学家在大萧条时期很难找到工作，故选B。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后两句A short time later, she accepted a permanent position in the laboratory. This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid.不久之后，她接受了实验室的一个永久职位。这给了她继续她的研究的自由，而不需要教学或反复要求经济援助。可知，在实验室长期工作对她的研究是有帮助的，故选C。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。由最后一段第二句“McClintock won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes." 1983年，麦克林托克因发现基因能够改变染色体上的位置而获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。可知，由于她在基因与染色体方面的发现，她获得了诺贝尔奖，故选C。