英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement同步训练题

人教版2019 选择性必修一Unit1 Section A课后

综合练 提升能力

I单句语法填空

1. Understanding history is vital_______________understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.(用适当的词填空)

2. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a______________（commit）to something larger than our own little egos（自我价值感）(所给词的适当形式填空)

3. It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class______________(distinct). Each class had unique characteristics. (所给词的适当形式填空)

4. I had a student today who got his finger______________ (stick)inside a test tube in science class. (所给词的适当形式填空)

5. She reminds me , too , that no matter how harsh(艰苦的)the present or unpredictable the future, there's almost always some measure of joy to______________(extract)from the moment. (所给词的适当形式填空)

6. A build-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways______________（obtain）drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. (所给词的适当形式填空)

7. Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable______________（evaluate）. (所给词的适当形式填空)

8. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we______________（defeat）. (所给词的适当形式填空)

9. Young children learning to play teamsports are often told, "There is no I in TEAM." Stars_____

（apparent）do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship. (所给词的适当形式填空)

10. You should respect the views of others, and at the same time insist______________what you think is right.(用适当的词填空)

11. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence（AI）may become extremely good at achieving something other______________what we really want.(用适当的词填空)

12. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought______(have) close attention to detail. (所给词的适当形式填空)

13. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts______________(make)by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. (所给词的适当形式填空)

14. In a study______________（describe）the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word "touch" four times using the smart keyboard. (所给词的适当形式填空)

15. ______________graduating from high school, I designed a website, www. cuddlebuddies. net, to promote the project.(用适当的词填空)

II语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___16___(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___17___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___18___(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.

Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ___19___(declare) she had no plans ___20___(retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___21___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___22___ because I want to.”

Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___23___(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was ___24___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ____25____(wonder).”

III完形填空

At that time, I was a housewife raising three small children. My life___26___around taking care of my children and finding ways to stretch a dime into a dollar to pay the bills, but money was always___27___.

I really loved being with my kids and I was willing to make whatever sacrifice for my kids , but I wanted to go to___28___ and get my archaeology degree. For several years, I had always said I was going to learn it___29___no one believed I actually would. So I eventually decided to give up my___30___.

One day my brother came to visit and talked about our future. While chatting, I mentioned my___31___dream. Looking into my eyes with great expectation, he said, "Why not?"

Over the next few weeks, I just kept___32___our conversation in my head. Yes, I could make a long list of reasons why I couldn't become an archaeologist. Strangely, however , these reasons seemed more like___33___.

I started questioning why I was so willing to___34___a challenge. Finally, I realized that if I didn't at least try to_____35_____my goals, I was going to regret my_____36_____for the rest of my life.

So I started taking university classes. I got a part-time job on weekends so that my husband could watch the kids while I was working. I even took a few late -night classes so that my children would not require day care and would never come back to a（n）_____37_____house.

Seven years later, I_____38_____a graduate degree and became an archaeologist._____39_____, I found that as I reached towards my goals through_____40_____and difficulties, I became happier and more confident. In this way , my brother changed my life. Perhaps, you can also change your life by asking yourself "Why not?"

26. A. contributed B. centred C. collected D. gathered

27. A. tight B. adequate C. blank D. free

28. A. university B. company C. hometown D. museum

29. A. or B. and C. but D. if

30. A. fate B. habit C. business D. dream

31. A. unnoticed B. unfinished C. unchecked D. unsettled

32. A. replaying B. explaining C. regretting D. copying

33. A. discoveries B. points C. mistakes D. excuses

34. A. run away from B. take care of C. make up for D. put up with

35. A. make B. reach C. point D. watch

36. A. conclusion B. contribution C. decision D. solution

37. A. enjoyable B. simple C. shabby D. empty

38. A. abandoned B. earned C. wasted D. saved

39. A. Otherwise B. Anyhow C. Moreover D. Therefore

40. A. success B. challenges C. fortune D. praise

IV阅读理解

Born on April 4, 1928, Maya Angelou had a hard childhood. Her parents got divorced when she was very young. She was a single mother and being a single mother was very hard for her.

It was finally in 1949 that she started to find her place in the world when she changed her name to show her Calypso dance performances at the night club where she worked. It was there that she won a scholarship and trained in African dance and modern dance. She formed a group and they traveled all over Europe with an opera production. As she traveled, she studied different languages and became excellent in several of them. During this time, she made her first album, Miss Calypso, and it was a success.

In the 1950s, she moved to New York and started to work more on her writing. She heard Dr Martin Luther King speak in 1960 and began organizing different benefits for Civil Rights. In 1961 , she began to play a large role in the Civil Rights Movement and was remembered for her work around the country.

She later moved to Ghana with her son and worked in the University of Ghana's School of Music and Drama. It was there that she became close friends with Malcolm X. She returned to the US in 1964 to help Malcolm X with a new Civil Rights movement. Shortly after she returned to the US, Malcolm X and Dr King were both assassinated. To deal with the deaths of her friends, she wrote her first book, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, which finally made her famous around the world. The 1970s were some of her most productive years as a writer, poet, as well as a singer.

41. What finally made Maya Angelou well known around the world?

A. Her friendship with Martin Luther King.

B. The books and poems she wrote in the 1970s.

C. The book I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.

D. Her unbelievable work as a Civil Rights activist.

42. We can infer from the passage that         .

A. Maya Angelou succeeded as a Civil Rights activist

B. the songs in Miss Calypso were in different languages

C. Maya Angelou never got married in her whole life

D. Maya Angelou didn't have a gift for learning languages

43. From the passage, we know that Maya Angelou was a          .

A. writer , salesgirl, teacher and dancer

B. singer, painter , dancer , poet and writer

C. writer, poet, singer , dancer and Civil Rights activist

D. singer , publisher , Civil Rights activist and writer

44. What's the best title of this passage?

A. The hard and terrible life of Maya Angelou

B. Some unknown facts about Maya Angelou

C. Maya Angelou: a life of hard work and success

D. Maya Angelou: a life of bad luck and sadness

答案

1.【答案】to

【详解】考查介词。句意：作为一个公民和一个民族，了解历史对于理解我们自己是至关重要的。be vital to 是固定用法，意为“对……至关重要”。故填to。

2.【答案】commitment

【详解】考查固定短语。句意：然而，只有当我们做出比我们的自我价值感更大的承诺时，我们才能实现意义。该空作made的宾语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用单数，make a commitment意为“做出承诺、贡献”，故填commitment。

3.【答案】distinction

【详解】考查名词。句意：人们曾经普遍认为英国是一个有阶级界限的社会。每个阶级都有其独有的特点。分析句子可知，此处应填名词distinction“差别”，该词和class一起作为介词with的宾语，class distinction“阶级界限”，故填distinction。

4.【答案】stuck

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天我有个学生在科学课上把手指卡在试管里了。此处为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，stick与finger构成被动，故应用过去分词作宾补。故填stuck。

5.【答案】be extracted

【详解】考查不定式的被动语态。句意：她也提醒我，无论现在有多艰难，未来有多不可预测，我们总能从当下获得些许快乐。根据句意可知，此处是短语extract…from “从…….提取……”，被修饰词joy与extract之间为被动关系，不定式作为joy的后置定语，它的被动语态是to be done，故填be extracted.

6.【答案】to obtain

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：自行建造的太阳能蒸馏器是在水不易获得的地区获得饮用水的最佳途径之一。 the way to do sth.是固定用法，意为“做……的方式”，不定式作后置定语。故填to obtain。

7.【答案】evaluation

【详解】考查名词。句意：对自己的健康做出正确的选择需要合理的评估。该空作requires的宾语，需要用名词，所以填evaluation。

8.【答案】were defeated

【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：作为新球队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们输了。句子主语we与defeat之间为被动关系，且根据前文was excited以及knew可知该句讲述的是过去的事情，故应使用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是第一人称复数we，所以be动词需用were。故填were defeated。

9.【答案】apparently

【详解】 考查副词。句意：学习团队运动的小孩子经常被告知，“在团队中没有‘我’。”明星们显然没有遵循这一体育的基本道德。副词修饰动词follow做状语，故填apparently。

10.【答案】on

【详解】考查介词。句意：你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的事情。表示“坚持”短语为insist on。故填on。

11.【答案】than

【详解】考查固定短语。句意：真正的问题在于，人工智能有可能变得非常擅长实现我们真正想要的东西以外的东西。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语other than“除……之外”，故填than。

12.【答案】to have

【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这种观点认为，白大褂与科学家有关，而科学家反过来又被认为对细节非常关注。根据短语be thought to do sth.“被认为做某事”，可知应填不定式。故填to have。

13.【答案】made

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环境挑战是重大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效。并列句后句已有谓语动词，make应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语efforts之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填made。

14.【答案】describing

【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一项描述这项技术的研究中，研究人员让100名志愿者用智能键盘输入"touch"这个单词4次。分析句意，简单句中已有动词had，故此处的提示词需用非谓语动词。分析句子，describe和逻辑主语之间表示“主动关系”，此处用describe的现在分词作后置定语，修饰a study。综合分析，故填describing。

15.【答案】Upon/On

【详解】考查介词。句意：高中一毕业，我就设计了一个网站（www. cuddle-buddies. net）来推广这个项目。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语upon/on doing sth.”一……就……”，故填Upon/On。

【答案】

16. being    17. which    18. finally    19. declared    20. to retire   

21. have made    22. but    23. saying    24. a    25. wonderful

【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。

【16题详解】

考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。

【17题详解】

考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。

【18题详解】

考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally。

【19题详解】

考查时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。

【20题详解】

考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。

【21题详解】

考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。

【22题详解】

考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。

【23题详解】

考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词call，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系，故填saying。

【24题详解】

考查冠词用法。句意：我们还以为这是一个玩笑。此处joke为泛指，故填a。

【25题详解】

考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。

【答案】

26. B    27. A    28. A    29. C    30. D    31. B    32. A    33. D    34. A    35. B    36. C    37. D    38. B    39. C    40. B

【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过自己的亲身经历，说明了只要勇于克服困难，接受挑战，我们每个人都可以实现自己的梦想。

【26题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的生活重心是照顾我的孩子，想办法把十美分变成一美元来支付账单，但是钱总是很紧张。A. contributed贡献；B. centred集中；C. collected收集；D. gathered聚集。作者生了三个小孩，所以那时她的生活是以照顾小孩为中心。centre around 以……为中心。故选B。

【27题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的生活重心是照顾我的孩子，想办法把十美分变成一美元来支付账单，但是钱总是很紧张。A. tight紧的；B. adequate充足的；C. blank空白的；D. free自由的。一个家庭主妇要将十美分变成一美元来花，由此可以看出她手头很紧。故选A。

【28题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我真的很喜欢和我的孩子们在一起，我愿意为我的孩子做出任何牺牲，但是我想上大学，拿到我的考古学学位。A. university大学；B. company公司；C. hometown家乡；D. museum博物馆。由空格后的get my archaeology degree可知空格处指大学，因为只有上大学才能获得考古学学位。故选A。

【29题详解】

考查连词词义辨析。句意：几年来，我总是说我会去学，但没有人相信我真的会去学。A. or或者；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. if如果。几年来作者一直在说她会去学考古学。但没人相信她。前后语意为转折关系。故选C。

【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我最终决定放弃我的梦想。A. fate命运；    B. habit习惯；C. business生意；D. dream梦想。根据下文While chatting, I mentioned my___6___dream.可知学考古学，拿到考古学学位是作者的梦想。故选D。

【31题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：聊天的时候，我提到了我未完成的梦想。A. unnoticed被忽视的；B. unfinished未完成的；C. unchecked未经检查的；D. unsettled未解决的。作者在此处提到的“未完成的梦想”就是前文提到的回到大学获得考古学学位的梦想。故选B。

【32题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，我一直在脑海里重复我们的对话。A. replaying重复；B. explaining解释；    C. regretting后悔；D. copying复制。接下来的几个星期，作者脑中不断重现她和哥哥的谈话。故选A。

【33题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，奇怪的是，这些理由看起来更像是借口。A. discoveries发现；B. points目的；    C. mistakes错误；D. excuses借口。作者可以列出一长串不能成为考古学家的理由。但奇怪的是，这些理由似乎更像借口。故选D。

【34题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：我开始问自己，为什么我如此愿意逃避挑战。A. run away from逃避；B. take care of照顾；C. make up for补偿；D. put up with忍受。作者开始质疑自己，为什么遇到挑战就逃跑。故选A。

【35题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我意识到如果我不努力去实现我的目标，我的余生都会为我的决定后悔。A. make制作；B. reach实现；C. point指向；    D. watch观看。最终，作者意识到，如果没有尽力实现目标，以后会对自己的决定感到遗憾。reach one's goal实现目标。故选B。

【36题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我意识到如果我不努力去实现我的目标，我的余生都会为我的决定后悔。A. conclusion结论；    B. contribution贡献；C. decision决定；D. solution解决方法。作者意识到，如果自己没有尽力实现目标，以后会对自己的决定感到遗憾。故选C。

【37题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我甚至还上了几堂深夜班，这样我的孩子就不用日托了，也不会再回到一个空房子里。A. enjoyable快乐的；B. simple简单的；C. shabby破旧的；D. empty空的。为了照顾孩子，作者报了晚上的课程。这样孩子们不至于回到空无一人的家。故选D。

【38题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：七年后，我获得了研究生学位，成为了一名考古学家。A. abandoned放弃；B. earned获得；C. wasted浪费；D. saved节省。七年后，作者获得了学位，成了考古学家。故选B。

【39题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，我发现当我通过挑战和困难达到我的目标时，我变得更加快乐和自信。A. Otherwise否则；B. Anyhow无论如何；C. Moreover此外；D. Therefore因此。通过面对挑战和困难，作者不仅实现了目标，而且也变得更开心，更自信了。前后语意为递进关系。故选C。

【40题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，我发现当我通过挑战和困难达到我的目标时，我变得更加快乐和自信。A. success成功；B. challenges挑战；C. fortune运气；D. praise赞扬。后面有and连接，故空格处是与difficulties感情色彩相同的词。故选B。

【答案】41. C    42. A    43. C    44. C

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的作家、诗人、民权活动家Maya Angelou的生平事迹与成就。

【41题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段的she wrote her first book. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, which finally made her famous around the world可知，是玛雅•安吉罗创作的第一本书让她扬名世界。故选C项。

【42题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段的“In 1961, she began to play a large role in the Civil Rights Movement and was remembered for her work around the country.’’ 1961年，她开始在民权运动中发挥重要作用，她的工作在全国被铭记。可推断出，玛雅•安吉罗作为一个民权活动家是成功的。故选A项。

【43题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“her Calypso dance performances，”和第三段的“she began to play a large role in the Civil Rights Movement”以及最后一段的“The 1970s were some of her most productive years as a writer, poet, as well as a singer”可知，玛雅•安吉罗既是作家、诗人，又是歌手、舞蹈家和民权活动家。故选C项。

【44题详解】

主旨大意题。通过阅读整篇文章可知，本文主要向我们介绍了玛雅•安吉罗的生平事迹和成就。C选项“Maya Angelou：奋斗与成功的人生”最贴合文章主题，适合作为标题。故选C项。