(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第4册　Unit 3　Sea Exploration (含答案)

教材词汇要记牢

Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认

1．merchant n．商人；批发商adj.海上货运的

2．fleet n．舰队；机群；车队

3．behold vt.(beheld，beheld)看；看见

4．spice n．(调味)香料

5．maritime adj.海的；海运的；海事的

6．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的

7．submersible n．潜水器；可潜船

8．capsule n．胶囊；太空舱

9．underwater adv.在水下 adj.水下的

10．coral n．珊瑚

11．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居

12．tournament n．锦标赛；联赛

13．directory n．名录；电话号码簿；(计算机文件或程序的)目录

14．log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木

15．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑

16．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削

17．gallon n．加仑(容积单位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)

18．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的

19．Marco Polo 马可·波罗

20．Columbus 哥伦布

Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写

1．tale n．故事；叙述

2．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商

3．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛

4．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的

5．withdraw vt.& vi.(withdrew，withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤离

6．channel n．航道；海峡；频道

7．bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合

8．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下

9．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税n.税；税款

10．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀

11．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止

12．politics n．政治；政治观点

Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变

1．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸

2．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；教师；教员

3．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的

4．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖

5．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩

6．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的

7．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有

8．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的

Ⅳ.核心短语

1．set sail 起航；开航

2．in a league of one’s own 独领风骚

3．withdraw from 退出；撤回

4．in hand 在手头；可供使用

5．press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会

高频词汇来助力

1．passive adj.被动的；消极的

2．passport n．护照

3．pattern n．式样

4．plain adj.朴素的；简单的；普通的

5．poisonous adj.有毒的

6．portable adj.手提的；便携式的

7．postpone vt.使延期

8．precious adj.珍贵的

经典句式需悟通

1．China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes，which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.

中国已经在这些路线的系统和服务上投资了数十亿美元，这将有助于整个地区的大力发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。

2．From a scientific point of view，there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.

从科学的角度看，为了了解气候变化和它的影响，急需研究北极。

3．Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.

几百年过去了，在掌握最新技术的情况下，贸易的需要和加强关系的渴望将促使中国未来向海洋发展。

4．To truly understand our planet，we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.

为了充分理解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖大部分星球的海洋。

5．We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.

我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。

Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共9分)

1．merchant n．商人；批发商adj.海上货运的

2．behold vt.看；看见

3．spice n．(调味)香料

4．manned adj.有人控制的；需人操纵的

5．underwater adv.在水下adj.水下的

6．migration n．迁移；迁徙；移居

7．laptop n．笔记本电脑；便携式电脑

8．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削

9．marine adj.海的；海产的；海生的

Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)

10．tale n．故事；叙述

11．negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商

12．league n．等级；水平；联合会；联赛

13．royal adj.皇家的；王室的；高贵的

14．withdraw vt.& vi.(使)撤回；撤离

15．channel n．航道；海峡；频道

16．bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合

17．meanwhile adv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下

18．tax vt.对……征税；使纳税n.税；税款

19．murder vt.谋杀；凶杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀

20．arrest n．逮捕；拘留；中止 vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止

21．politics n．政治；政治观点

Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)

22．extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸

23．profession n．职业；行业→professional adj.专业的；职业的→professor n．教授；教师；教员

24．mixture n．混合；结合体；混合物→mix vt.配制；混淆；使混合→mixed adj.混合的；人员混杂的

25．coverage n．新闻报道；覆盖范围→cover vt.包括；报道；行走；涉及；覆盖

26．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌vt.称赞；赞赏→applause n．鼓掌；掌声；喝彩

27．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；宽容的→merciless adj.残忍的；无慈悲心的

28．possession n．[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possess vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；拥有

29．opponent n．反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.反对的；截然不同的

Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)

30．passive adj.被动的；消极的

31．pattern n．式样

32．plain adj.朴素的；简单的；普通的

33．poisonous adj.有毒的

34．portable adj.手提的；便携式的

Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共8分)

35．set sail起航；开航

36．in a league of one’s own独领风骚

37．withdraw from退出；撤回

38．in hand在手头；可供使用

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)

1．Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging，a bond with others.(2018·全国Ⅱ)

2．A loud noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel  and then change it back.

3．When he entered the hall，he saw all the people standing there，applauding.

4．It is reported that the police have arrested the suspects of the accident.

5．As a successful businessman，he has already been in possession(拥有) of many luxuries.

6．The newsletter is a useful channel(渠道) of communication between teachers and students.

7．The general stated that all foreign forces would withdraw(撤退) as soon as the crisis ended.

8．They are negotiating(协商) a deal in the office，but neither is willing to make a compromise.

Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)

9．The newspaper is proud of the depth of its coverage(cover) of international affairs.

10．The brilliant professor is a doctor by profession，so he has much professional knowledge in medicine.(profession)

11．He is in possession of three villas and he also possesses three firms.(possession)

12．The two opponents were opposed to each other’s opinions.(oppose)

13．Actually，the milk tea which is loved by almost every child is a mixture(mix) of milk and tea.

14．The merciful king showed mercy to the poor，who in turn applauded the king.(mercy)

15．We walk along the road which extends(extend) to the river.

Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共20分)

16．上周，我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。

Last week，we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture，which turned out to be extremely rewarding.

17．急需做出改变以适应现在的情况。

There is an urgent need to make some changes to adapt to the current situations.

18．每天有如此多的家务要做，我感到身心疲惫。(with复合结构)

With so much housework to complete every day，I feel exhausted physically and mentally.

19．我给你写信是为了和你分享我对如何与父母友好相处的观点。

To share with you my opinions on how to get along well with parents，I am writing to you.

20．我对茶的传统制作过程做了详细的说明以便他们能更好地理解它。

I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail so that they could better understand it.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分

Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.1.Merchants(merchant) and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.

In ancient times，silk from China found its way along 2.what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also 3.extended(extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon.Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals,4.which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.

Later，the Ming Dynasty sent seven large 5.fleets(fleet) to sail west on voyages of trade and exploration.6.Under the command of Zheng He，they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea，and then to the east coast of Africa.Although China 7.withdrew(withdraw) from further expeditions after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.

To reach out across the sea 8.remains(remain) a strong desire today.The aim of the Belt and Road Initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and 9.strengthen(strength) the bonds between China and the rest of the world.The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China 10.to reach(reach) out across the sea far into the future.

Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分

When it comes to exploring the sea，some people mean 1.exploiting it.Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more.In 2010，over 200 million 2.gallons of oil were spilled into the sea，causing much pollution.Although hunting whales and dolphins was banned in 1982，some countries are still “3.murdering” these intelligent creatures without 4.mercy.5.Opponents may be concerned，but exploring the sea is important for human beings.For example，6.logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.All in all，the sea is home to life，but not human beings’ 7.possessions.We must explore it reasonably.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长；提供；伸展，展开

先练基础——单句语法填空

(1)The boss said at the press conference that he would extend(extend) his business to foreign countries in the near future.

(2)Meanwhile，the company says that the battery life can extend up to 40 hours.

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子/单句写作·背诵

(3)这些课程每周上一节课，每节课两小时，持续超过20周。

These courses are based on a weekly two-hour class，extending over a period of twenty weeks.

(4)我对你及时而且慷慨的帮助表示由衷的感谢。

I extend my heartfelt gratitude for your timely and generous assistance.

mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠

先练基础——单句语法填空

(1)I had mercy on Mary，who had no alternative but to withdraw from college to care for her sick mother.

(2)The boss often exploits young employees，that is，young employees are at the mercy of the boss.

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵

(3)尽管Meredith一家不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

Although the Merediths weren’t well off，they showed mercy to/had mercy on/upon the poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible.

possession n.[usually pl.]个人财产；拥有；控制

先练基础——单句语法填空

(1)He is a programmer by profession，so he takes possession of three laptops.

＝He is a programmer by profession，so he is in possession of three laptops.

＝He is a programmer by profession，so three laptops are in the possession of him.

再提能力——完美写作·词汇升级/完成句子·背诵

(2)(简单表达)Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have，but enjoying what we own.

(高级表达)Happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have，but enjoying what we possess/take possession of/are in possession of.

(3)请记住只有拥有良好的心态你才有可能获得成功。

Please keep in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you be likely to attain success.(运用倒装句)

in hand在手头；可供使用

根据句意用hand短语的正确形式填空

(1)As an old saying goes，“Success and failure always go hand in hand.”

(2)Having enough data in hand，we can set out to carry out our plan as scheduled.

(3)You’d better keep a dictionary close at hand so that you can look up unfamiliar words in it.

(4)Even for personal letters，the merchant would rather use a computer than write by hand.

(5)On the one hand，computers improve the working efficiency；on the other (hand)，they also bring about some new problems.

so that引导目的状语从句

We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.

我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，以便我们可以采取行动。

先练基础——请写出下列句子中黑体部分是目的状语从句还是结果状语从句

(1)I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.目的状语从句

(2)I got up early so that I caught the early bus.结果状语从句

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵

(3)每个学生都会有不同的弱科和强科，所以他们应该互相学习，这样比起劣势来，他们就可以有更多的优势。

Every student may have different weak and strong subjects，so they should learn from each other so that/in order that they can have more advantages than disadvantages.

(4)请制订一个锻炼计划并坚持下去，这样你就能很快恢复健康。

Please come up with a workout schedule and stick to it so that you can get in shape soon.

(5)她比从前学习努力，因此她轻松地通过了考试。

She studied harder than before so that she passed the exam with ease.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇

Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．I wanted to withdraw 4,000 dollars from my bank account.提取(存款等)

2．The charming man arrested my attention.吸引

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．The straightforward prime minister extended(extend) his hand to the new minister of education at yesterday’s press conference.

2．I take possession of three cars and I have the capacity to maintain them on a regular basis.

3．He doesn’t have the freedom to choose what he likes，so I have mercy on/upon him.

4．I negotiated with other sponsors of the exhibition about how to organize it perfectly.

5．For some reason，I withdrew from a handful of grand clubs and I will never join them again.

6．In Australia，open-air barbecues，bakeries，fast-food joints and butcher shops arrested(arrest) my attention.

7．He murdered(murder) a political leader，so he was put in prison and lost his liberty forever.

8．With some reference books on biology in hand，I can refer to them whenever necessary.

9．Seeing a flock of strange-looking birds，she felt a strange mixture(mix) of excitement and fear.

10．People stayed silent，listened to me carefully and applauded(applaud) at the end.

Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力

(应用文之倡议书：共享单车)

1．由于有共享单车可使用，我们的学校生活变得越来越便利了。(with复合结构)

With shared bikes in hand，our school life has become increasingly convenient.

2．但是许多学生把车子停在校园里，甚至上了私锁，这给下一批使用者造成不便。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)

But many students park the bikes in our campus and even put private locks on them，which causes inconvenience to next users.

3．因此，急需改变这种不恰当的行为。(there is an urgent need to do sth.)

So there is an urgent need to change the improper behaviors.

4．为了提高学生合理使用共享单车的意识，我们学校号召我们学生恰当使用共享单车。(to do作目的状语)

To raise students’ awareness of using shared bikes reasonably，our school calls on us students to use shared bikes properly.

5.我们学生应该响应学校的号召以便每个人能够受益于这项服务。(so that)

We students should respond to the call of our school so that everyone can benefit from this service.

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：不定式)

The Ming Dynasty desired to strengthen the bonds with some western countries and in 1405 seven large fleets under the command of Zheng He 1.set sail from the South China Sea.They sailed across the Indian Ocean to the east coast of Africa，along the marine channels which had been 2.extended by the former merchants and explorers.They took gold，silk and spices to the African royal families and 3.negotiated trade deals with them.Meanwhile，with advanced weapons in hand，they had mercy on rather than exploited，murdered or arrested the people in other countries，who in turn applauded them.They also 4.logged many tales that had happened along the way.Although China 5.withdrew from further expeditions after 1433，these fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time.

练基础——请写出黑体部分在句子中所作的成分

1．It’s very important to master a foreign language.主语

2．The most important thing for a doctor is to heal the wounded and save the dying.表语

3．Would you like to watch a football game with me？宾语

4．All of us have a lot of work to do on weekends.定语

5．Many people rush to the new city to look for job opportunities.状语

6．Miss Li advised us to read some English novels during the summer holiday.补语

提能力——微写作

根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话

我给你写这封邮件是想邀请你参加将于周五下午三点在学校报告厅举行的汉语演讲比赛。比赛的目的是激起外国友人对汉语的兴趣。为了取得好成绩，你最好提前准备。

(应用文之邀请信)

I am writing this e-mail to invite you to take part in the Chinese speech contest to be held at 3 p．m.on Friday afternoon in our lecture hall.The purpose of the contest is to arouse foreign friends’ interest in Chinese.To get a good result，you had better prepare for it in advance.