医护英语上册Unit 3 The Circulatory System优秀学案

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Grammar Infinitive
动词不定式
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 动词不定式概述：
动词不定式的基本形式为：t＋动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带t，t只是个符号标志，没有实际意义）。动词不定式或不定式短语没有人称和数的变化，在句中不可作谓语。动词不定式仍保留着动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式具有名词，形容词，副词的特征，在句子中可以做主语，表语，宾语，定语，宾语补足语和状语。
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 用法：
1. 动词不定式做主语
不定式或不定式短语做主语时，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面，构成“It is＋形容词（fr/f sb.）＋不定式”句型。
(1) T give is better than t receive.
奉献比所取好。
(2) T save mney nw seems impssible.
省钱现在看来是不可能的了。
有些形容词后可以用“fr…＋不定式”的常用形容词有：easy, difficult, imprtant, hard, necessary, essential, impssible, dangerus, cmmn, unusual等。这类形容词的共同特点是表示“客观的情况”。
(3) It is easy fr yu t d this jb well.
你做这个工作很容易。
有些形容词后可以用“f…＋不定式”，这类常用的形容词有：kind, gd, wise, hnest, generus, silly, flish, stupid, right, wrng, careless, rude等。这类形容词的共同特点是表示“人的特征”。
(4) It is nice f yu t say s
你能这么说真好。
2. 动词不定式作表语
(1) The imprtant thing is t save lives.
救人要紧。
(2) My wish is t write a gd bk fr children.
我的愿望是为孩子们写一本好书。
3. 动词不定式作宾语
下列动词常要求用不定式作宾语：ask, begin, care, chse, decide, expect, fail, hpe, learn, manage, affrd, plan, prepare, prmise, want, wish等。
(1) She can affrd t buy a better car.
她能买得起一辆比较好的车。
(2) He decided t make anther try.
他决定再试一次。
4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1) I asked him t shw me the new dictinary.
我让他把新词典给我看看。
(2) He desn’t want her t attend the meeting.
他不想让她参加会议。
5. 动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语时必须将不定式或不定式短语后置。
(1) This is the fittest fd fr yu t eat.
这是最适合你吃的食物。
(2) I need sme paper t write a letter n.
我需要一些纸写封信。
6. 动词不定式作状语
不定式作状语时，可以表示目的，原因，结果等。
(1) I am glad t meet yu.
见到你我很高兴。（表原因）
(2) The by is ld enugh t g t schl.
这个男孩已经到上学的年龄了。（表结果）
注意：动词不定式表示目的时，经常可以同in rder t, s as t 换用，其否定形式用in rder nr t或s as nt t，而不用nt t。比较：
(1) He gt up early s as nt t be late. （正）他起床早为的时不迟到。
(2) He gt up early nt t be late. （误）
= 3 \* ROMAN III. 动词不定式的否定形式：
不定式的否定形式为“nt t＋动词原型”，有时也可用“never t＋动词原型”。
(1) I asked him nt t thrw waste paper n the grund.
我要求他不要把废纸扔到地上。
(2) He prmised never t tell a lie.
他承诺决不说谎。
= 4 \* ROMAN IV.不带t的不定式
在某些表示感觉、使役的动词后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带t。常用的这类动词有：see, watch, lk at, bserve, ntice, hear, listen t, feel, have, make, let等。
(1) Let her g with yu.
让她同你一起走。
(2) We watched the children play in the garden.
我们看着孩子们在院子里玩耍。
注意：当不带t的不定式用在被动语态时必须加t。
Her mther makes him d her hmewrk yesterday evening.
She was made t d her hmewrk yesterday evening.
= 4 \* ROMAN V. “疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词wh, which, what, when, where, hw, whether等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等。
(1) I dn’t knw what/ which/ wh(m) t chse.
我不知道该选择什么/哪一个/谁。
(2) When t start has nt been decided.
何时动身还未决定。
(3) He didn’t knw what t d.
他不知道怎么办才好。
Cre Skills and Practice
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Chse the best answer.
1. Such peple are_____.
A. respect B. t respect
C. t be respecting D. t be respected
2. The dctr tld the child_____ less and _____mre.
A. t eat; sleep B. eat; sleep
C. eating; sleeping D. eat; t sleep
3. I’d rather have a rm f my wn, hwever small it is, than_____ a rm with smene else.
A. t share B. t have shared
C. share D. sharing
4. She was srry she had gt n knife_____.
A. t cut B. cutting
C. t cut it D. t cut it with
5. She desn’t like_____
A. praised B. t praised
C. t be praised D. praising
6. In class yu shuld listen t Miss Ga_____ English.
A. t speak B. speak
C. speaks D. spke
7. I want t have smething _____ during the summer vacatin.
A. t have studied B. t read
C. t be reading D. t have been studying
8. I have the experience befre, s I knw what_____ next.
A. have been dne B. t d C. t be ding D. des
9. The bank is reprted _____ yesterday.
A. rbbed B. t have been rbbed
C. being rbbed D. having been rbbed
10. The mther didn’t knw wh____ fr the brken glass.
A. blamed B. wuld blame
C. t blame D. be blamed
= 2 \* ROMAN II. Fill in the blanks with infinitive.
1. I hpe _____ (invite) t the party.
2. They dn’t allw these bks_____(take) ut f the reading-rm.
3. He pretended_____ (read) the bk befre.
4. We had n chice but_____(d) what we were asked.
5. He was made (d) _____ his hmewrk yesterday.
6. I expect _____(finish) the wrk by the end f next mnth.
7. They did all they culd_____(save) the child.
8. Why _____ (nt reprt) t tell the plice when the accident happens?
9. I have smething imprtant_____(tell) yu.
10. I am glad_____(wrk) with yu nw.
= 3 \* ROMAN III. Change sentences’ pattern withut changing the sentences’ meaning。
1. It is impssible that a child can lift such a heavy bx.
It is impssible__________________ such a heavy bx.
2. The bss made the wrkers wrk all night.
The wrkers _________________all night.
3. Jane desn’t knw hw she can imprve her Chinese.
Jane desn’t knw_________________ imprve her Chinese.
4. The girl gt up earlier s that she might nt be late again.
The girl gt up earlier _________________ be late again.
5. “Bb, dn’t g there,” said Jack.
Jack tld Bb___________________.