2021学年Unit 4 The Systems of the Body精品学案及答案

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Reading A Different Systems f the Bdy
Think ver while reading
1. Hw many systems are there in the human bdy? What are they?
2. What are the functins f nervus system and circulatry system?
3. What are the functins f respiratry system and digestive system?
Reading
The human bdy is made up f several systems. Each system has its wn structures and functins. The bdy systems are related t and dependent n each ther t functin prperly. Injury r disease f ne part f the system will affect the entire system and the whle bdy.
There are eight different human bdy systems. They are nervus system, circulatry system, respiratry system, digestive system, lcmtr system, excretry system, endcrine system and reprductive system.
Here we will discuss the nervus system, the circulatry system, the respiratry system and the digestive system.
The nervus system cntrls, directs and crdinates bdy functin. There are tw main divisins in the nervus system. One is the central nervus system which cnsists f the brain and spinal crd, and the ther is peripheral nervus system which invlves the nerves thrughut the bdy. Nerves carry messages r impulses t and frm the brain. The nerves are cnnected t the spinal crd.
The circulatry system is made up f the bld, heart and bld vessels. The heart pumps bld thrugh the bld vessels. The circulatry system perfrms many imprtant functins. The bld carries fd, xygen and ther substances t the cells, and als remves waste prducts frm the cells. Regulatin f bdy temperature is aided by the bld. The circulatry system als prduces and carries cells that defend the bdy frm harmful disease causing germs.
The respiratin related rgans are the nse, muth, thrat, windpipe, brnchial tubes and lungs. The respiratry system brings xygen int the lungs and eliminates carbn dixide. Respiratin is the prcess f supplying the cells with xygen and remving carbn dixide frm them. Respiratin invlves inhalatin (breathing in) and exhalatin (breathing ut) r inspiratin and expiratin.
The digestive system is respnsible fr breaking dwn fd physically and chemically s that it can be absrbed fr use by the cells f the bdy. The prcess is called digestin. The digestive system cnsists f the alimentary canal and ther rgans f digestin. The alimentary canal is a lng tube which extends frm the muth t the anus. The muth, pharynx, esphagus, stmach, small intestine and large intestine are the majr parts f the alimentary canal. The ther rgans f digestin are teeth, tngue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and s n.
Ntes
1. There are tw main divisin f the nervus system. The ne is the central nervus system which cnsists f the brain and spinal crd, and the ther is peripheral nervus system which invlves the nerves thrughut the bdy.
神经系统有两大分支，一个是包括大脑和脊髓的中枢神经系统，另一个是包括全身神经的周围神经系统。
… the central nervus system which cnsists f …：which引出限制性定语从句；
…peripheral nervus system which invlves …：which引出限制性定语从句。例如：
The mvie which was shwn later was better.
后来上映的电影比较好。
cnsist f …：由……组成，例如：
The digestive system cnsists f the alimentary canal and ther rgans f digestin.
消化系统由消化道和其它消化器官组成。
2. Nerves carry messages r impulses t and frm the brain.
神经将信息或冲动传到大脑并从大脑传出。
carry … t and frm the brain. 携带……到大脑，并从大脑传出。例如：
The tw bys carry their bags t their huse very late in the evening and frm their huse t their schl very early in the mrning every day.
两个孩子每天晚间很晚背着书包回家，早晨很早背着书包去学校。
3. The circulatry system als prduces and carries cells that defend the bdy frm harmful disease-causing germs.
循环系统还产生和运载保护人体免受有害致病细菌侵袭的细胞。
…and carries cells that defend the bdy frm … ：that引出定语从句修饰cells，携带……到大脑，并从大脑传出。例如：
defend … frm …：保护……不受攻击或伤害。例如：
We shuld defend the children frm harm.
我们应该保护儿童免遭伤害。
4. The prcess f supplying the cells with xygen and remving carbn dixide frm them is called respiratin
向细胞供氧并将二氧化碳排出体外的过程称为呼吸。
supply … with …：为……提供……。例如：
Red Crss supplied the wunded sldiers with lts f medicine and fd.
红十字会为伤员们提供了大量的药品和食物。
5. The digestive system is respnsible fr breaking dwn fd physically and chemically s that it can be absrbed fr use by the cells f the bdy.
消化系统负责用物理和化学的方法将食物粉碎、分解，以便食物能为人体细胞所吸收利用。
be respnsible fr …：负责……；
can be absrbed … ：能够被吸收，被动语态；
… fr use by … ：为……所利用。例如：
He is respnsible fr the task.
他负责这项任务。
Nurishment is absrbed by plants, and is used by them.
营养被植物吸收，然后为植物所利用。
6. The alimentary canal is a lng tube which extends frm the muth t the anus.
消化道是从口腔一直延伸到肛门的一根长的管道。
…a lng tube which extends …：which引出限制性定语从句，修饰tube。
Summing-up
1. There are eight systems in the human bdy. They are nervus system, circulatry system, respiratry system, digestive system, lcmtin system, excretry system, endcrine system, and reprductive system.
2. The nervus system cntrls, directs, and crdinates bdy functin. The circulatry system perfrms many imprtant functins. It carries fd, xygen, and ther substances t the cells, remves waste prducts frm the cells, regulates the bdy temperature, and carries cells that defend the bdy frm harmful disease-causing germs.
3. The respiratry system brings xygen int the lungs and eliminates carbn dixide.
The digestive system is respnsible fr breaking dwn fd physically and chemically s that it can be absrbed fr use by the cells f the bdy.
Cre Skills and Practice
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Answer the fllwing questins.
1. What is the passage abut?
2. What is the functin f the nervus system?
3. What is the functin f the circulatry system?
4. What d the inspiratin and expiratin mean?
5. What des the digestive system cnsist f?
= 2 \* ROMAN II. Chse the best answer.
1. The human bdy is made up f ________.
A. many systems B. fur systems
C. seven systems D. eight systems
2. Each system ________.
has t depend n each ther
has the same and prper functins
has different functins and different structures
A and C
3. The nervus system cnsists f ________.
A. the brain and spinal crd
B. peripheral nervus system and central nervus system
C. the spinal crd and the nerves thrughut the bdy
D. B and C
4. The circulatry system perfrms many imprtant functins, ________.
A. the heart pumps bld thrugh the bld vessels
B. the bld carries fd, xygen, and ther substances t the cells
C. the bld regulates the bdy temperature, prduces and carries cells that resist harmful disease-causing germs.
D. A, B and C
5. The respiratry system brings xygen int the lungs and eliminates carbn dixide, and the digestive system is respnsible ________.
A. fr digestin f the fd we take in
B. breaking dwn fd physically and chemically
C. absrptin f the fd we take in
D. A, B and C
= 3 \* ROMAN III. Fill in each f the blanks with the wrds in the bx, and change the frm if necessary.
1. Breathing ut the air means ________.
2. The human bdy _________ include nervus system, circulatry system, respiratry system, digestive system, mving system, excretry system, endcrine system, and reprductive system.
3. Which is the ________ rgan? The bladder r stmach?
4. The respiratry system brings xygen int the lungs and ________ carbn dixide.
5. The circulatry system als ________ the bdy temperature by the bld and bld vessels.
6. The digestive system is respnsible fr digestin and ________ f fd.
7. The circulatry system has the functin ________ the bdy ________ harmful disease-causing germs.
8. The digestive system ________ the alimentary canal and ther rgans f digestin. It invlves muth, teeth, tngue, pharynx, esphagus, stmach, small intestine, large intestine, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, the pancreas and s n.
= 4 \* ROMAN IV. Match the wrds r expressins in Clumn A with thse in Clumn B.
A B
1. inspiratin a. breathe in and ut the air
2. vessels b. a lng tube frm the muth t the anus
3. respiratin c. the inhalatin f air int the lungs
4. alimentary canal d. micrrganisms, especially pathgens
5. germs e. tubes that cntain the bdy fluid
= 5 \* ROMAN V. Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the expressins in brackets.
1. 人体各系统相互关联、相互依赖而发挥适当的功能。
(t functin prperly)
2. 神经系统包括中枢神经系统和周围神经系统。
(invlve)
3. 循环系统是由血液、心脏和血管组成的。
(be made up f )
4. 给细胞供养并排除二氧化碳的过程称为呼吸。
(supply … with … )
5. 消化系统的功能是通过物理和化学的方法将我们所摄入的食物压碎、分解，使食物能被组织细胞所吸收利用。
(be absrbed fr use by … )
= 6 \* ROMAN VI. Translate the fllwing int Chinese.
1. Injury r disease f ne part f the system affects the entire system and the whle bdy.
2. The nervus system cntrls, directs, and crdinates bdy functin. Nerves carry messages r impulses t and frm the brain.
3. The bld carries fd, xygen, and ther substances t the cells, and als remves waste prducts frm the cells.
4. The respiratry system brings xygen int the lungs and eliminates carbn dixide.
5. The digestive system cnsists f the alimentary canal and ther rgans f digestin. The alimentary canal is a lng tube extending frm the muth t the anus.
Warm-up
1. What d yu knw abut ur bdy?
2. Hw many systems are there in ur bdy?
3. Can yu say smething abut the functins f sme systems?
exhale defend … frm digestin system
absrb eliminatin cnsist f regulatin