山东省威海市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-03语法填空&短文选词填空

山东省威海市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编

03语法填空&短文选词填空

一、语法填空

（2022·山东威海）用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。

Mr. Hope, the doorman at our school, walks with a limp (跛脚). Sometimes people make fun of his limp. It always ____1____ (make) me angry to hear them laughing at him.

Watching him make his way slowly around our school with the cleaning tools in hand, I often wondered why he limped.

One day while I ____2____ (stand) in the hall, I saw two boys laughing at Mr. Hope’s limp. The headmaster saw this and he was very mad. He took all of us down to the basement. He showed us a picture of a young man standing by a long, thin boat. “This is Mr. Hope when he ____3____ (be) a young man,” said the headmaster. I was shocked ____4____(learn) that our doorman was once a great rower (划船运动员). In the 1968 Olympics, after the final race started, Mr. Hope’s boat and another one were soon far ahead of the other boats, racing neck and neck towards the finish line The race was going well when suddenly, Mr. Hope heard a huge cracking (爆裂) sound. He saw his opponent’s (对手) boat ____5___(go) down fast. The man was in trouble because the boat had broken right in the middle. He ____6____ (stick) inside, unable to escape.

Without ____7____ (stop) to think, Mr. Hope jumped into the water and pulled the man up from underneath the water. The other boats ____8____ (pass) them on their way to the finish line, leaving the two men alone in the water. The other man had a broken leg and Mr. Hope’s leg was cut badly by the sharp wood splinters.

Mr. Hope never finished the race. He never got a gold medal at the Olympics. He did end up getting a special medal for sportsmanship. And ever since then he ____9___ (be) unable to walk properly.

As we stood there listening, the boys felt ashamed of what they had done. “Mr. Hope is a hero. His bravery and selfless actions make him an Olympic champion (冠军) forever. We ____10____ (not laugh) at him anymore,” said the boys.

（2021·山东威海）用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。请将答案填写在答题卡指定位置。

A few years ago, Ed Jones was shopping at a second-hand store. He ____11____ (look) for something that might be valuable. If he found something valuable, he would buy it cheaply and then resell it. Suddenly, something caught is eye — a large cardboard map.

The map ____12____ (cover) with dust, so Mr. Jones wiped it clean. Under the dust was a color map of Paris. It looked old. On the back of the map: $3. Mr. Jones was quite certain that the map was worth more than three dollars, so he bought it.

The next day, Mr. Jones took the map to a geography professor. After looking at the map for a few minutes, the professor became very excited. “I’ve read about his map!” he exclaimed. Then he told Mr. Jones what he ____13____ (know).

In 1671, the king of France, Louis XIV, asked a cartographer (制图者) ____14____(make) a map of Paris. The cartographer worked on the map for four years. The map was beautiful — it was not just a map, but a work of art as well. The cartographer carefully colored one of the copies, using blue for rivers, green for trees, and brown for buildings. The professor said that one black and white copy of the map was in the British Museum in London, and another was in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris. “I think,” the professor said, “you ____15____ (find) the color copy of the map — in a second-hand store in the US!”

The professor suggested that Mr Jones take the map to New York City. Experts there could tell Mr Jones if the professor was right.

Mr Jones took the map to New York City. The New York experts told him that the map was extremely valuable. “How much do you think it’s worth?” Mr. Jones asked the experts. “Millions,” they replied. “It’s impossible to say exactly how much the map ____16____ (be) worth. It’s worth whatever someone is willing to pay for it.”

Soon Mr. Jones discovered how much people were willing to pay for the map. The most recent offer even reached 19.5 million dollars.

Mr. Jones hasn’t decided whether he ____17____ (sell) his three-dollar map at that price or wait for a higher offer. He ____18____ (think) it over.

（2020·山东威海）The most difficult thing for university student Ted Rogers is opening his classroom door. Ted can't do this without help because he's only six years old. He's the youngest person ever to study at Rochester University in New York. Ted __19___ (begin) reading at two, and by four, he had known a lot about many subjects from astronomy to zoology（动物学）. By the age of five, be had been able to talk to university professors about his ideas.

Ted ___20___ just         (complete) his first book. It____21____(come) out in a few months, shortly after his seventh birthday. “I love learning.” says Ted.

“My hero is the scientist Albert Einstein because he never brushed his hair or____22____(wear) socks. “Psychologists（心理学家）have found it difficult____23____(test) Ted's cleverness because they do not have high enough scores for him. Ted's mother first knew her son was different when he kept____24____(cry) at play school because he was bored with the children's games. She started teaching him at home after finding that local schools were not prepared for children who learned at Ted's speed.

Now Ted____25____(study) geography at Rochester University and using the Internet to complete his high school studies.

However, some psychologists warn that too much study can stop a child from____26____(grow) up in a healthy way. “I____27____(not care) how clever the kid is. Six-year-olds have to play with their friends,” says Dr. Brian Wood. Mrs. Rogers doesn't agree that her son's time_____28_____(take) up completely by schoolwork. “He loves the violin and has many outdoor interests, such as camping, fishing and swimming, just like other boys of his age.”

二、短文选词填空

（2022·山东威海）根据短文内容选择适当的单词或短语填空，使短文意思完整。每个选项仅使用一次。

Cats and SecretsIn English, there is a common idiom (习语) : “let the cat out of the bag”. It means to tell a secret. But where did this idiom start?

It came from a part of England. Long ago, people there went ____29____ to sell things like clothes, vegetables, and pigs. They had strong beliefs about honesty. They didn’t like lying. One day, a man went ____30____ to sell things.

“I have a baby pig for sale! It won’t cost much,” he said. He held the animal above his head. His style was different from honest people’s style. He was a master of tricking people and lying.

A woman named Beth looked at his pig. He ____31____ her the pig for one gold coin. That was a very small amount. Beth ___32____ him the coin. He put it in his pocket. He walked ahead of Beth to get the pig.

He gave her a closed bag and said, “Here’s your pig.” He then left very soon.

Beth looked at the bag. It was moving. She opened it to ____33____ . A cat was inside! “He tricked me! That isn’t proper,” she said.

Later, the man ____34____ to trick more people. Beth saw him, and the memory of the cat came back. She told her friends. They stopped him. But no one knew ____35____.

Someone said, “We need an independent and fair person to decide that.” They went to the judge (法官) . Beth told him about ____36____.

The judge asked, “Is there evidence? Can you demonstrate (证明) how he did it?”

“Look in his bag,” said Beth. She opened it and ____37____. They learned the man’s secret, and he went to jail (监狱).

That’s how the idiom “let the cat out of the bag” came to mean to ____38____.

（2021·山东威海）根据短文内容, 选择适当的单词或短语填空, 使短文意思完整。每个选项仅使用一次。

There is an old English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Norman Cousins was the person who agreed with this. Norman Cousins was the editor of a magazine for almost forty years. He also wrote and spoke about world peace, traveling to many different countries to ____39____.

In the 1960s, after returning to the United States from a busy and tiring trip to Europe, Mr. Cousins ____40____. He discovered he had a rare disease（罕见的疾病）.

In less than a week after he got back, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to ____41____. The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problem and he might never get over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to ____42____.

Mr. Cousins thought that the illness could be caused by ____43____. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. Instead, he felt that ____44____ or laughter might cure his illness.

He began to try on himself while still in the hospital by ____45____ on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that ten minutes of real laughter during the day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night.

Deciding that the doctors could not help him, Mr. Cousins left the hospital but he continued his experiments with ____46____. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching comedy shows on television, reading funny books, and sleeping whenever he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt ____47____ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise.

After a few months, Mr. Cousins was able to carry on his work. He had laughed himself back to _____48_____.

（2020·山东威海）

Smoke pollution in your homeDo you ever get a bad cough that won't go away? Do you have trouble breathing? Do your eyes hurt when you or your parents are cooking? The air in your home could____49____. In fact, smoke and other kinds of air pollution can cause serious illnesses or make them worse.

Everyone knows that there is air pollution in the street, but it's a shock when you discover that you are also in danger from pollution____50____.

____51____, especially those who live in villages in the countryside, burn coal or wood on an open fire. This can be really dangerous, because there are harmful chemicals（化学物质）in the smoke from both wood and coal and they can____52____pollute the air in your home. When you breathe in these chemicals, they can harm your lungs（肺）and other parts of your body.____53____think that about 50 percent of open fires are dangerous, because chimneys（烟囱）don't work____54____and too much smoke stays in the house.

Gas and other fuels that people use for cooking can also be harmful. Again, the problem is often that fresh air doesn't____55____.

There are things you can do to reduce（减少）the amount of bad air in your home.____56____you have to keep warm and you can't stop cooking, but you can reduce the amount of bad air you breathe.

First of all, avoid smoky areas as much as you can. Although it is important for adults to stay away from smoke, it is especially important for children.____57____, if an open fire or cooking cause smoke in your home, find a way to fix it. Make sure that there is a way for smoke to_____58____. To do this, you may need to move your cooker. And you definitely need to open your windows more often, even in winter. You'll be glad you did it!

参考答案：

1．makes    

2．was standing    

3．was    

4．to learn    

5．going    

6．was stuck    

7．stopping    

8．passed    

9．has been    

10．will not laugh或won’t laugh

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，很多孩子嘲笑门卫霍普先生的跛脚，校长告诉我们背后的故事，霍普先生因为救人，自己受了伤，他是一位真正的英雄。孩子们意识到了自己的错误。

1．句意：听到他们嘲笑他，我总是很生气。时态是一般现在时，主语是It，动词用三单，故填makes。

2．句意：一天，我站在大厅里，看见两个男孩在嘲笑霍普先生的跛脚。根据“One day while I...in the hall, I saw two boys laughing at Mr. Hope’s limp.”可知，此处强调在过去的某个时间点，动作正在发生，用过去进行时，主语是I，故填was standing。

3．句意：“这是年轻时的霍普先生，”校长说。本句时态是一般过去时，主语是he，故填was。

4．句意：我很震惊地得知我们的门卫曾经是一个很棒的划船运动员。be shocked to do sth“做某事感到震惊”，故填to learn。

5．句意：他看到对手的船沉得很快。根据“He saw his opponent’s (对手) boat...down fast.”可知，此处是see...doing sth“看见……正在做”，使用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填going。

6．句意：他被卡住了在里面，无法逃脱。主语He是动作的承受者，时态是一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was stuck。

7．句意：霍普先生想都没想就跳进水里，把那个人从水下拉了上来。Without是介词，其后用动名词作宾语，故填stopping。

8．句意：其他的船在他们到达终点的路上超过了他们，留下这两个人独自在水里。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填passed。

9．句意：从那以后，他就不能正常走路了。根据“And ever since then”可知，此处用现在完成时，主语是he，故填has been。

10．句意：我们不会再嘲笑他了。根据“We...at him anymore”可知，此处承诺未来的事，用一般将来时，will not=won’t，故填will not laugh/won’t laugh。

11．was looking    

12．was covered    

13．knew或had known    

14．to make    

15．have found    

16．is    

17．will sell    

18．is thinking

【分析】文章讲Ed Jones在二手商店以3美元买了一幅地图，后来发现这幅地图价值不菲。

11．句意：他在找一些可能有价值的东西。根据“Ed Jones was shopping at a second-hand store”可知是正在寻找东西，用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。主语“He”后用be动词was，look的现在分词形式为looking。故填was looking。

12．句意：地图上满是灰尘，所以琼斯先生把它擦干净了。根据“The map ... (cover) with dust”可知是被灰尘覆盖，结合“wiped”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。主语“The map”后接be动词was，cover的过去分词形式为covered。故填was covered。

13．句意：然后他告诉了琼斯先生他所知道的一切。主过从必过，从句用过去时态，可表示过去知道的一切，也可表示过去已经知道的一切，用一般过去时或过去完成时。know的过去式是knew；过去完成时的结构为had done，know的过去分词为known。故填knew/had known。

14．句意：1671年，法国国王路易十四让一位制图师绘制一张巴黎地图。ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，用动词不定式to make作宾语补足语。故填to make。

15．句意：“我想，”教授说，“你已经在美国的一家二手商店里找到了这幅地图的彩色副本！”此处指到说话时为止已经找到了，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语“you”后用助动词have，find的过去分词形式为found。故填have found。

16．句意：要确切地说出这幅地图值多少钱是不可能的。主现从不限，此处表示说话的当时值多少钱，用一般现在时，the map后接be动词is。故填is。

17．句意：琼斯还没有决定是以这个价格出售这张3美元的地图，还是等待更高的报价。根据“Mr. Jones hasn’t decided”可知还未决定是否要卖，用一般将来时，其结构为will do。故填will sell。

18．句意：他正在考虑这件事。根据“Mr. Jones hasn’t decided”可知到目前为止还未决定，现在正在思考，用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing，主语“He”后接be动词is，think的现在分词形式为thinking。故填is thinking。

19．began    

20．has completed    

21．will come/is coming/is going to come    

22．wore    

23．to test    

24．crying    

25．is studying    

26．growing    

27．don't care    

28．is taken/has been taken

【分析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述天才儿童特德的学习经历以及心理学家对其健康成长的担忧。

19．句意：特德二岁开始阅读。

根据“at two”可知讲述的是过去的动作，动词用过去式began。故答案为began。

20．句意：特德刚完成了他的第一本书。

根据just可知此处是现在完成时，主语Ted是第三人称单数，动词用has completed。

故答案为has completed。

21．句意：几个月之后将出版，在他的七岁生日之后不久。

根据“in a few months”几个月之后，是将来的时间，动词用一般将来时，主语是It，谓语动词此处用will come,或者is coming或者is going to come。故答案为will come/is coming/is going to come。

22．句意：我的英雄是爱因斯坦因为他从不梳头发或者穿袜子。

根据or可知此处用动词的过去式与brushed并列，此处用wear的过去式wore。故答案为wore。

23．句意：心理学家发现测试出特德的聪明很难，因为他们没有足够的分数能给他。

此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，此处用to test。故答案为to test。

24．句意：特德的母亲第一次发现她的儿子不同是在他一直在幼儿园哭因为他厌倦孩子们的游戏。

此处用keep doing表示“一直做某事”，此处用动名词crying。故答案为crying。

25．句意：特德现在在罗切斯特大学学习地理，使用网络来完成他的高中学业。

根据now可知此处用现在进行时，主语Ted 是单数，动词用is studying。故答案为is studying。

26．句意：然而，一些心理学家警告太多的学习会阻止一个孩子健康的成长。

此处用动词短语stop sb. from doing表示“阻止某人做某事”，此处用动名词growing。故答案为growing。

27．句意： 我不在意这个孩子多么聪明。

此处是一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用助动词的否定don’t加上动词原形care。故答案为don't care。

28．句意：罗杰斯夫妇不赞成儿子的时间完全被学业占据。

句子是现在时，agree that后面是宾语从句，从句的主语是time，是单数，主语与谓语动词是被动关系，表示“被占据”用现在完成时的被动has been taken或者一般现在时的被动is taken。故答案为is taken/has been taken。

29．J    

30．I    

31．D    

32．H    

33．F    

34．G    

35．B    

36．A    

37．E    

38．C

【导语】本文介绍了一个关于猫的习语。

29．句意：很久以前，人们从一个城镇到另一个城镇去卖衣服、蔬菜和猪之类的东西。根据“Long ago, people there went...to sell things like clothes, vegetables, and pigs.”可知，人们从一个城镇到另一个城镇去卖东西，from town to town“从一个城镇到另一个城镇”符合语境，故选J。

30．句意：一天，一个人到镇中心去卖东西。根据“a man went...to sell things”可知，去镇中心卖东西，to the town’s center“去镇中心”，故选I。

31．句意：他把猪卖给她一枚金币。根据“He...her the pig for one gold coin.”可知，他把猪卖给她一枚金币，offered“给予”符合语境，故选D。

32．句意：贝丝把硬币给了他。根据“Beth...him the coin.”可知，贝丝给男人钱买猪，gave“给”符合语境，故选H。

33．句意：她打开袋子让猪出来。根据“She opened it to... A cat was inside!”可知，打开袋子让猪出来，但是却发现是一只猫，let the pig out“让猪出来”符合语境，故选F。

34．句意：后来，这个人又回来骗更多的人。根据“Later, the man...to trick more people.”可知，这个人回来骗更多的人，returned“返回”符合语境，故选G。

35．句意：但是没有人知道下一步该怎么办。根据“But no one knew...”可知，没有人知道该怎么办，what to do next“下一步该怎么办”符合语境，故选B。

36．句意：贝丝把袋子里的猫告诉他了。根据“Beth told him about...”可知，贝丝告诉法官袋子里的猫，the cat in the bag“袋子里的猫”符合语境，故选A。

37．句意：她打开袋子，猫出来了。根据“She opened it and...”可知，打开袋子，猫出来了，let a cat out of the bag“让猫出袋子”，故选E。

38．句意：这就是俗语“泄露秘密”的意思。联系前文，猫从袋子里出来，意味着男人的秘密泄露了，tell a secret“告诉/泄露秘密”，故选C。

39．A    

40．C    

41．F    

42．J    

43．E    

44．D    

45．I    

46．B    

47．H    

48．G

【分析】本文主要讲述了Cousins先生认为疾病可能是由不高兴的想法导致的，所以就通过看喜剧节目，通过笑治疗好了自己的疾病，说明笑声是最好的药。

39．句意：他还写了关于世界和平的文章并发表演讲，前往许多不同的国家分享他的想法。根据空前“He also wrote and spoke about world peace, traveling to many different countries”可知，应是为了分享他的想法，故空处应是share his ideas。故填A。

40．句意：20世纪60年代，Cousins先生从繁忙而疲惫的欧洲之旅返回美国后，生病了。根据后句“He discovered he had a rare disease（罕见的疾病）. ”可知，应是生病了，故空处应是got sick。故选C。

41．句意：他晚上不能睡着。根据空前“In less than a week after he got back, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful.”可推测，应是晚上不能睡着，故空处应是sleep at night。故填F。

42．句意：然而，Cousins先生拒绝放弃希望。根据空前“The doctors told Mr. Cousins that they did not know how to cure his problem and he might never get over the illness.”和however的提示可知，应是Cousins先生拒绝放弃希望，故空处应是give up hope。故填J。

43．句意：Cousins先生认为疾病可能是由不愉快的想法引起的。根据下文“or laughter might cure his illness.”可知，应是Cousins先生认为疾病可能是由不愉快的想法引起的，故空处应是unhappy thoughts。故填E。

44．句意：相反，他觉得快乐的想法或笑声可以治愈他的疾病。根据前文“Mr. Cousins thought that the illness could be caused by….”可知，应是快乐的想法或笑声可以治愈他的疾病，故空处应是happy thoughts。故填D。

45．句意：他还在医院时就开始通过看电视上的喜剧节目来尝试治疗自己。根据空后“on television”可知，应是看电视上的喜剧节目，故空处应是watching comedy shows。故填I。

46．句意：Cousins先生认为医生帮不了他，于是离开了医院，但他用笑声继续他的试验。根据前文“Instead, he felt that… or laughter might cure his illness.”可知，应是用笑声继续他的试验，故空处应是laughter。故填B。

47．句意：三周之内，他感觉很好，可以去波多黎各度假，在那里他开始在海滩上跑步锻炼。根据空后“to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for exercise.”可知，应是他感觉很好，故空处应是well enough。故填H。

48．句意：他笑着恢复了健康。根据前句“After a few months, Mr. Cousins was able to carry on his work.”可知，应是他笑着恢复了健康，故空处应是health。故填G。

49．G    

50．E    

51．I    

52．C    

53．D    

54．F    

55．A    

56．H    

57．B    

58．J

【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述家里因冒烟而引起的空气污染问题，引起污染的原因以及解决的办法。

49．句意：你家里的空气可能引起这些问题。

根据后文的句子“In fact, smoke and other kinds of air pollution can cause serious illnesses or make them worse”可知此处表达“引起这些问题”，选择G选项“cause these problems”。故选G。

50．句意：但是当你发现你也在自己的家里处于污染的危险中会很震惊。

根据“there is air pollution in the street”并通过转折连词but可知此处讲述在自己家里的空气污染，用in your own home。故选E。

51．句意：

很多人，尤其是那些住在乡村的人，在火上燃烧煤和木头。

此处缺主语，根据“especially those”可知此处用many people表示“很多人”。故选I。

52．句意：木头和煤的烟里有有害的化学物质，它们会严重地污染你家里的空气。

动词pollute用副词修饰，此处用seriously表示“严重地”。故选C。

53．句意：专家认为大约50%的明火是危险的。

此处缺主语，根据“think that about 50 percent of”可知此处用名词experts表示“专家们”。故选D。

54．句意：因为烟囱不能恰当地工作，太多的烟留在屋里。

动词work后面用副词修饰，此处用properly表示“恰当地”。故选F。

55．句意：同样，问题是新鲜空气通常不会进入烹饪区。

doesn’t后面缺动词原形；根据“use for cooking”可知此处与烹饪cooking有关，填“get into the cooking area ”。故选A。

56．句意：当然，你不得不保持暖和，你不能停止烹饪，但是你可以减少你呼吸的有害空气的量。

根据“do to reduce the amount of bad air in your home”可知此处用of course表示“当然”。故选H。

57．句意：第二，如果明火或者烹饪引起家里冒烟，想办法解决。

根据“First of all”可知此处讲述第二点，用secondly。故选B。

58．句意：确保有方法让烟迅速从房间里出去。

根据后文“To do this, you may need to move your cooker. And you definitely need to open your windows more often, even in winter”可知讲述让烟出去的方法，选择“move quickly out of the room”。故选J。