2020-2021学年Unit 3 Food and Culture课时作业

这是一份2020-2021学年Unit 3 Food and Culture课时作业，共12页。

I.阅读理解
1
Why d yu think peple wh live in sme ht cuntries eat very spicy(辛辣的)fd? Is it because the spices make the fd taste better? Is it just because their parents and grandparents and great-grandparents liked ht fd，r is there sme cnnectin between spices and healthy fd?
Researchers frm Crnell University think that it is because spice plants have sme imprtant chemicals. These chemicals can kill bacteria(细菌)which spil fd. “Mst cmmn spices can kill 75 t 100 percent f the bacteria in fd，”explains ne f the scientists. The bacteria grw mre easily and spil fd mre quickly at higher temperatures. Fr this reasn，it is mre difficult t keep fd frm spiling in ht climates.
D yu like yur fd spicy? Yur answer prbably tells smething abut the cuntry yu cme frm. If yu like spicy fd，it is pssible that hundreds f years ag，when there were n fridges，peple in yur cuntry started using spices t keep the fd frm spiling. The traditinal spicy dishes helped thse peple t live lnger，healthier lives. Tday，in a time f fridges，the spices just make the fd taste gd.
1. The chemicals in spices keep fd frm spiling by_________.
A. making fd taste better
B. making fd htter
C. preventing bacteria getting int fd
D. killing bacteria in fd
2. Fd ges bad mre quickly in ht climates because_______.
A. cld temperature makes bacteria
B. bacteria get used t ht fd
C. high temperature helps bacteria grw faster
D. bacteria spil fd nly at high temperature
3. Accrding t the passage，spices are useful in the fllwing things except_____.
A. helping yu t live lnger
B. helping t keep yu healthier
C. making yur fd taste better
D. replacing fridges
【答案】1. D2. C3. D
【分析】
试题分析: 解析文章讲的是为什么人们喜欢吃辛辣的食物的原因
1. D考查细节理解题，根据第二段提到These chemicals can kill bacteria(细菌)which spil fd可知它们可以杀死食物中的细菌，故选D项。
2. C 考查细节理解题。根据第二段提到The bacteria grw mre easily and spil fd mre quickly at higher temperatures可知气温越高细菌越容易越快生长，从而导致食物的变质，故选C项。
3. D 考查细节理解题。根据最后一段提到Tday，in a time f fridges，the spices just make the fd taste gd今天把辛辣的食物放在冰箱，只是让食物更好今天，在冰箱的时代，辣椒只是为了让食物更好吃，故选D项。
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Up t 40% f all fd in the United States is wasted. Prducing fd that peple dn’t cnsume swallws up rughly 20% f America’s crpland and agricultural water, and prduces greenhuse gas emissins(排放物) equal t 37 millin passenger vehicles each year. Yet, 37 millin Americans lack cnsistent access t adequate and nutritius fd.
NRDC’s Fd Matters Initiative partners cities t cnfrnt fd waste. Fd Matters is pilting all-rund, cutting-edge strategies that are easy t fllw and share. The first tw strategies--and arguably the mst critical nes--are t estimate a lcal baseline level f fd waste and then assess the ptential fr rescuing surplus fd. A baseline is necessary in rder t understand the scale and natural f the prblem. It is als a prerequisite(先决条件) t assessing any prgress made, which will help infrm future prgram develpment.
Using a calculatr tl NRDC develped based n the Fd Matters research mdels ,the Atlanta’s Mayr’s Office f Resilience had a better understanding f the qualities f wasted fd and where it was likely ccurring. This allwed the city t fcus the attentin n the slutins that were mre clsely related t the situatin in Atlanta.
As in many cities acrss the U.S., much f the fd wasted in Atlanta ccurs in husehlds and cnsumer-facing businesses such as restaurants. Armed with this infrmatin, the Mayr’s Office f Resilience, creates a restaurant challenge encuraging restaurants t wrk n the entire system f reductin, rescue, and recycling. After 90 days and participatin frm 6 restaurants at Atlanta’s Hartsfield Jacksn airprt, the prgram rescue 21,000 meals and saved wners ver $62000.
Atlanta’s restaurant challenge is ne f a handful f examples where cities have engaged(吸引) cnsumer-facing fd businesses t reduce their fd waste. New Yrk led the charge with a Mayr’s challenge t restaurants .Denver recently cmpleted a series f neighbrhd restaurant challenges. Nashville has an nging Mayr’s Fd Saver Challenge including nt just restaurants but ther fd businesses as well. Several ther cities and cuntries thrughut the cuntry have similar business engagement success stries.
4. What are the data mainly abut in paragraph 1?
A. the harm f fd wasteB. the cause f fd pllutin
C. the imprtance f fd safetyD. the slutin t fd waste.
5. Hw des Atlanta benefit frm the calculatr tl f NRDC?
A. It makes new plans fr banning fd waste
B. It helps the city better wrk n the slutins.
C. It tests the wrk efficiency f the gvernment
D. It increases the ptential fr recycling fd waste.
6. What is the restaurant challenge mainly abut?
A. Inspiring custmers t rder fd based n actual need
B. Teaching waiters t deal with fd waste in the greener way.
C. Encuraging restaurants t reduce fd waste in every prcess .
D. Making restaurants cmpete with each ther in waste recycling.
7. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Restaurant challenges nly wrk in America
B. Mre and mre cities are fcusing n fd waste .
C. Fd businesses are the main surces f fd waste .
D. It is difficult t cmplete the restaurant challenges.
【答案】4. A5. B6. C7. B
【分析】
本文是说明文。在美国，高达40%的食物被浪费了。文章介绍了美国一些城市为应对食品浪费所作出的努力。
4. 推理判断题。文章第一段中提到一系列的数据“高达40%的食物被浪费了。生产并不吃的粮食消耗了大约20%的农作物耕地和农业用水，产生的温室气体排放物等于3700万车辆一年的排放量。而另一方面，3700万美国人并不能持续获得充足和有营养的食物。”由此可知，这些数据是说明食物浪费造成的损失。故选A项。
5. 细节理解题。文章第二段中提到“the Atlanta’s Mayr’s Office f Resilience had a better understanding f the qualities f wasted fd and where it was likely ccurring. This allwed the city t fcus the attentin n the slutins that were mre clsely related t the situatin in Atlanta.”；根据其中的“fcus the attentin n the slutins”可知，亚特兰大市通过使用NRDC的计算器工具，对浪费食物的性质和可能发生的地点有更好的了解，这有助于该市更好地解决问题。 故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。文章第四段中提到“the Mayr’s Office f Resilience, creates a restaurant challenge encuraging restaurants t wrk n the entire system f reductin, rescue, and recycling.（市长办公室创造了一个餐馆挑战，鼓励餐馆在整个系统中减少，防止浪费和回收。）”。由此可知，餐馆挑战主要是鼓励餐馆在整个过程中减少食物浪费。故选C项。
7. 推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“Atlanta’s restaurant challenge is ne f a handful f examples where cities have engaged(吸引) cnsumer-facing fd businesses t reduce their fd waste.（亚特兰的餐厅挑战是吸引面向消费者的食品企业减少食物浪费的少数几个城市的例子之一。）”，下文提到New Yrk、Denver、Nashville以及Several ther cities and cuntries等城市成功的做法，说明越来越多的城市致力于减少食物浪费。故选B项。
3
Many animals recgnize their fd because they see it. S d humans. When yu see an apple r a piece f chclate yu knw that these are things yu can eat. Yu can als use ther senses when yu chse yur fd. Yu may like it because it smells gd r because it tastes gd. Yu may dislike sme types f fd because they d nt lk, smell r taste very nice. Different animals use different senses t find and chse their fd. A few animals depend n nly ne f their senses, while mst animals use mre than ne sense.
Althugh there are many different types f fd, sme animals spend their lives eating nly ne type. The giant panda eats nly ne particular type f bamb. Other animals eat nly ne type f fd even when given the chice. A kind f white butterfly will stay n the leaves f a cabbage, even thugh there are plenty f ther vegetables in the garden. Hwever, mst animals have a mre varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fx eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet f these animals will be different depending n the seasn.
Humans have a very varied diet. We ften eat fd because we like it and nt because it is gd fr us. In cuntries such as France and Britain, peple eat fds with t much sugar. This makes them verweight, which is bad fr their health. Eating t much red meat and animal prducts, such as butter, can als be bad fr the health. Chsing the right fd, therefre, has becme an area f study in mdern life.
8. We can infer frm the text that humans and animals ____.
A. depend n ne sense in chsing fd
B. are nt satisfied with their fd
C. chse fd in similar ways
D. eat entirely different fd
9. Which f the fllwing eats nly ne type f fd?
A. A white butterfly.B. A small bird.
C. The bear.D. The fx.
10. Certain animals change their chice f fd when ____.
A. the seasn changes
B. the fd clr changes
C. they mve t different places
D. they are attracted by different smells
11. We can learn frm the last paragraph that ____.
A. fd is chsen fr a gd reasn
B. French and British fd is gd
C. sme peple have few chices f fd
D. sme peple care little abut healthy diet
12. What will mst prbably be talked abut in the next paragraph?
A. Why chsing the right fd is imprtant.
B. Hw t chse the right fd.
C. The right amunt f fd fr a persn.
D. Vegetables matter mre than meat and sugar.
【答案】8. C9. A10. A11. D12. B
【分析】
试题分析：文章大意：本文主要描述动物和人识别食物的方法以及动物和人不同的饮食习惯。
8. C 推理题。根据第一段第一、二句Many animals recgnize their fd because they see it. S d humans.可以知道人和动物在选择食物方面具有相似的方法。故C正确。
9. A 细节题。根据文章第二段中A kind f white butterfly will stay n the leaves f a cabbage, even thugh there are plenty f ther vegetables in the garden一种白蝴蝶只吃白菜的叶子，故A正确。
10. A 细节题。根据文章第二段最后一句The diet f these animals will be different depending n the seasn.可以知道动物的饮食是随季节而改变的。故A正确。
11. D 推理题。根据文章最后一段We ften eat fd because we like it and nt because it is gd fr us及举例法国和英国人的饮食习惯，可以推测一些人是不在乎健康的饮食习惯，故D正确。
12. B推理题。本文最后一段主要讲述不良的饮食习惯，故可以推测出下面一段可能会讲述如何选择正确的食物，养成良好的饮食习惯。故B正确。
II.七选五
The Slw Fd Mvement started in Rme, Italy in 1986. When a new McDnalds was pening near a beautiful histric place, sme peple std utside the restaurant and shuted, “We d nt want fast fd, we want slw fd!”
13. One day Carl Petrini went t a restaurant t eat a traditinal meal. But the fd didn’t taste the same as he remembered. He learned that the peppers were shipped frm abrad because the prices were lw. This deeply cncerned Carl.
Carl wanted peple t care abut where their fds came frm and hw their fds made their culture special. S he started a grup t encurage this idea. It sn became the Slw Fd Mvement. 14.
First, what is gd fd? Gd fd is fresh. The vegetables are eaten clse t the place where they are grwn. The fish hasn’t been sitting fr days befre it is eaten. Gd fd is seasnable. 15.
Gd fd satisfies the senses. It shuld lk gd, smell gd and taste gd. And finally, gd fd is cultural fd. Each cuntry has special fds that make it different.
Secnd, fd shuld be clean. Tday, there are great cncerns abut the way peple grw and prduce fd. Farmers use chemicals t kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can als harm the natural envirnment arund farms. 16. Clean fd means fd that des nt harm ur bdies r the envirnment.
And third, fd shuld be fair. 17. All peple shuld be able t purchase healthy fd. The peple wh grw and make fd shuld be paid fairly fr their wrk. They shuld wrk in safe, healthy cnditins.
A. Fd shuld nt cst t much mney.
B. Its gal is t have gd, clean, fair fd fr all peple.
C. Over time, they can cause health prblems in peple t.
D. That was hw the Slw Fd Mvement came int being.
E.It shuld be grwn at the best time f the year fr that fd.
F.Tday the Slw Fd Mvement has already expanded ut f Italy.
G.This event wasn’t the nly thing that started the Slw Fd Mvement.
【答案】13. G14. B15. E 16C17. A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了慢食运动的起源以及理念。
13. 上文提到，当新的麦当劳在美丽的历史名胜附近开业时，有些人站在餐厅外面大喊：“我们不想要快餐，我们想要慢食！” G项承接上文，“这一活动并不是开始慢食运动的唯一原因。”后句，再举一例，去餐馆吃传统大餐。但是食物的味道和他记忆中的不一样了。可知，G项可以起到承上启下的作用，切题。故选G项。
14. 根据上文可知，成立了一个小组来鼓励希望人们关心他们的食物来自哪里，以及他们的食物如何使他们的文化与众不同。并很快变成了慢食运动。后文分别解释了“have gd, clean, fair fd fr all peple.”。所以此空应为提出慢食运动的目标“它的目标是为所有人提供良好、干净、公平的食物。”B项可以与下文构成总分结构，故选B项。
15. 根据上句“Gd fd is seasnable. ” 好的食物是时令的。“它应该生长在一年中最适合这种食物的时间。”可以对上句“好的食物是时令的”做出解释说明。E项切题。故选E项。
16. 上一句提到“化学物质也会损害农场周围的自然环境。”后文“清洁食品是指不会伤害我们的身体或环境的食品。”后文可以总结前文，所以此空应为化学物质伤害我们的身体。C项“随着时间的流逝，它们也可能导致人们的健康问题。”符合文章的分总结构。故选C项。
17. 上句“食物应该公平”，后文“所有的人都应该能够购买健康食品”。A项“食物不应该花太多钱”解释了食物应该公平的含义，同时为后句“所有人都应该能够购买健康食品。”做铺垫。故选A项。
III.完形填空
Teaching yur children healthy eating is imprtant s they have a gd relatinship with fd. Children wh 18 t much f the wrng types f fds are at 19 risk f health cnditins like fatness, heart disease and cancer. 20 all the ads fr junk fd, it can be hard t keep yur child eating healthily. 21 , there are ways yu can emply t 22 children achieve this gal.
Serve yur child mainly 23 snacks, such as fruits and vegetables r whlegrain biscuits and cheese. Keep healthy snacks 24 by placing them n lw shelves in the fridge r in the cabinets s yur children can 25 them when hungry.
If yu dn’t 26 yur child t eat a particular fd, keep it ut f the 27 . She/He can’t eat fds that aren’t 28 . Make less unhealthy fds---smething yu eat 29 . This will limit the 30 f junk fd yur child can eat.
Dn’t 31 junk fd as a trading tl. 32 children with junk fd r using it t please children t get them t eat healthier fds 33 makes this fd mre appealing and healthier fds less attractive, s 34 nn-fd rewards (奖励).
Children learn by 35 what yu d. In my pinin, 36 yu dn’t want yur child t eat t much junk fd, mdel healthy eating and 37 eating a lt f junk fd yurself. Allw children t help pick ut new, healthy fds fr snacks.
18. A. eatB. wasteC. haveD. make
19. A. lwerB. betterC. higherD. bigger
20. A. OverB. WithC. AfterD. On
21. A. TherefreB. HweverC. FrmallyD. Finally
22. A. rderB. seeC. helpD. prtect
23. A. unhealthyB. simpleC. prD. healthy
24. A. accessibleB. readyC. preparedD. nearby
25. A. ckB. reachC. arriveD. affrd
26. A. hpeB. wantC. adviseD. prmise
27. A. huseB. placeC. schlD. yard
28. A. hereB. thereC. verD. ut
29. A. immediatelyB. alwaysC. hnestlyD. rarely
30. A. qualityB. characterC. amuntD. shape
31. A. seeB. useC. getD. give
32. A. PrvidingB. RewardingC. SharingD. Filling
33. A. nlyB. alsC. evenD. ever
34. A. chseB. buyC. exchangeD. demand
35. A. rememberingB. delayingC. watchingD. imagining
36. A. nceB. ifC. thughD. as
37. A. preventB. keepC. avidD. ban
【答案】18. A19. C20. B21. B22. C23. D24. A25. B26. B27. A28. B29. D30. C31. B32. B
33. A34. A35. C36. B37. C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养孩子健康饮食的原因和方法。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：吃了太多不该吃的食物的孩子有更高的健康风险。A. eat吃；B. waste浪费；C. have有；D. make制作。根据Teaching yur children healthy eating is imprtant s they have a gd relatinship with fd.及下文可知，整个文章都有孩子的吃有关。故选A。
19. 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：吃了太多不该吃的食物的孩子有更高的健康风险。A. lwer更低的；B. better更好的的；C. higher更高的；D. bigger更大的。根据like fatness, heart disease and cancer.可知，吃太多不健康的食物，有更高的健康风险，比如肥胖、心脏病和癌症。故选C。
20. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：有那么多垃圾食品的广告，很难让你的孩子吃得健康。A. Over穿越；B. With带有；C. After之后；D. On在…..上面。介词with，表示“带着；具有 ”之意。故选B。
21. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，你可以通过一些方法来帮助孩子们实现这个目标。A. Therefre因此；B. Hwever然而；C. Frmally正式地；D. Finally最终。分析前后句可知，这里为转折关系。故选B。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，你可以通过一些方法来帮助孩子们实现这个目标。A. rder命令；B. see看；C. help帮助；D. prtect保护。由下文提出的方法可知，这些方法能够孩子们实现这个目标。故选C。
23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为你的孩子提供健康的零食，如水果和蔬菜或全麦饼干和奶酪。A. unhealthy不健康的；B. simple简单的；C. pr穷的；D. healthy健康的。根据such as fruits and vegetables r whlegrain biscuits and cheese.所列举的食物，可知都是健康的零食。故选D。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把健康的零食放在冰箱或橱柜的低架子上，这样孩子们饿的时候就能够得着。A. accessible可得到的；B. ready准备的；C. prepared准备好的；D. nearby附近的。根据by placing them n lw shelves in the fridge r in the cabinets可知，放在低处的目的是为了让孩子容易拿到。故选A。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：把健康的零食放在冰箱或橱柜的低架子上，这样孩子们饿的时候就能够得着。A. ck做饭；B. reach（伸手）触及；C. arrive到达；D. affrd付得起。孩子饿的时候就可以够到食物，动词reach表示“伸出（手）够到”之意。故选B。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃某种特定的食物，把它放在屋外。A. hpe希望；B. want想要；C. advise建议；D. prmise答应。根据keep it ut f the ...可知，是不想要让孩子吃某种特定的食物。故选B。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃某种特定的食物，把它放在屋外。A. huse房子；B. place地方；C. schl学校；D. yard院子。根据She/He can’t eat fds that aren’t...可知，屋子里没有的食物，孩子是吃不到的。故选A。
28. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她/他不能吃那里没有的食物。A. here这儿；B. there那儿；C. ver穿过；D. ut出来。这里指屋子里，所以用副词there。故选B。
29. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：少做不健康的食物——那些你很少吃的东西。A. immediately立即；B. always总是；C. hnestly诚实地；D. rarely很少。根据Make less unhealthy fds可知，父母很少吃的东西，孩子也会少吃。故选D。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这将限制你的孩子可以吃的垃圾食品的数量。A. quality 质量；B. character角色；C. amunt数量；D. shape形状。根据前句Make less unhealthy fds---smething yu eat...可知，少做不健康的食物，孩子吃的垃圾食品的数量就会减少。故选C。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要把垃圾食品当作交易工具。A. see看见；B. use使用；C. get得到；D. give给予。结合句意可知，这里用短语use … as …把……当成……。故选B。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：奖励孩子垃圾食品，或者为了让他们吃更健康的食物，用它来取悦孩子。A. Prviding提供；B. Rewarding 奖励；C. Sharing分享；D. Filling装满。根据前句Dn’ fd as a trading tl.可知，这里指为了奖励孩子，把垃圾食品当作交易工具。故选B。
33. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：只会让这些食物更有吸引力和让健康的食物更不具有吸引力。A. nly只有；B. als也；C. even甚至；D. ever曾经。根据 with junk fd r using it t please children t get them t eat healthier fds可知，这样做的结果，只会带来不好的后果。故选A。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以选择非食物的奖励。A. chse选择；B. buy买；C. exchange交换；D. demand要求。根据前句... children with junk fd r using it t please children t get them t eat healthier this fd mre appealing and healthier fds less attractive可知，要选择非食物来奖励孩子。故选A。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子通过观察你所做的来学习事物。A. remembering记得；B. delaying延迟；C. watching观看；D. imagining想象。根据常识可知，孩子往往会观察和模仿父母的行为。故选C。
36. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃太多的垃圾食品，那就做个健康饮食的榜样，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。A. nce一旦；B. if如果；C. thugh尽管；D. as因为。根据前后句意可知，本句为if引导的条件状语从句。故选B。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃太多的垃圾食品，那就做个健康饮食的榜样，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。A. prevent阻止；B. keep保持；C. avid避免；D. ban禁止。In my pinin, ___19___ yu dn’t want yur child t eat t much junk fd, mdel healthy eating可知，父母要做好健康饮食的模范，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。故选C。
IV.语法填空
There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry tward lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, 38. was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) as a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 39. (effect) such as verweight and heart disease-----the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required t prcess the fd that we eat, t recver 40. injury and several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt41. (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.
As 42. result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even43. (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd 44. (be) full f fat and salt; by45. (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be46. (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible47. (have) t much f bth, and this is nt gd fr yur health.
【答案】
38. which
39. effects
40. frm
41. are remved
42. a
43. wrse
44. is
45. eating
46. careful
47. t have
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了脂肪和盐是食物中的重要组成部分，像其他事物一样，过犹不及，过量的脂肪和盐对身体健康有害。
38. 考查非限制性定语从句。 started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) as a methd f fighting heart disease,作定语，修饰This trend，且有逗号和主句隔开，所以 started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) as a methd f fighting heart disease是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以填which。
39. 考查名词。作宾语，用名词，且被sme修饰，所以用名词复数，填effects。
40. 考查动词短语。recver frm意为“痊愈、恢复”，是固定短语，这里表示“从受伤中恢复”，所以填frm。
41. 考查语态。“脂肪和盐”与“除去”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，填are remved。
42. 考查固定短语。as a result意为“因此”，是固定短语，所以填a。
43. 考查固定短语。even wrse意为“更糟的是”，是固定短语，所以填wrse。
44. 考查时态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，所以填is。
45. 考查固定短语。介词by之后，用v+ing形式，所以填eating。
46. 考查形容词。作be动词后的表语，用形容词，填careful。
47. 考查固定句型。be pssible t d意为“对…来说可能的”，是固定句型，所以填t have。