英语Unit 4 Space Exploration精品同步练习题

In all one's lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. But it is precisely oneself that one has the least understanding of.人生在世，和自己相处最多，打交道最多，但是人最不了解的也恰恰是自己。

Grammar and Writing

Grammar——动词－ing形式作宾语和表语

语法感知

①However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.

②Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else.

③A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.

④And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.

【自主发现】

1．第①句中的making；第②句中的shaking和第④句的seeing为动词－ing形式作宾语。

2．第③句中的moving为动词－ing形式作表语。

语法精讲

一、动词－ing形式作宾语

1．一些动词后只跟动词－ing形式作宾语，如：admit承认，advise建议，allow允许，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay推迟，deny否认，dislike不喜爱，enjoy喜爱，escape逃脱，fancy想要，finish完成，forbid禁止，forgive原谅，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意，miss错过，permit允许，practise练习，prevent阻止，risk冒险，stop停止，suggest建议等。

I admit breaking the window.

我承认窗子是我打破的。

He tried to escape being punished.

他设法逃避惩罚。

You shouldn’t keep thinking about it.

你不应该老想着这事。

Would you mind going with her?

你可否同她一起去？

We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.

我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。

The doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month.

医生建议我一个月内不要抽烟喝酒。

2．有些动词短语后面也可跟动词－ing形式作宾语，常见的有：insist on，give up，devote...to...，put off，keep on，leave off，look forward to，think of，feel like等。

Last year，my father gave up smoking.

去年我父亲戒烟了。

Do you feel like taking a walk after supper?

晚饭后你想去散步吗？

Chinese people are looking forward to holding the Olympic Games again.

中国人民期待着再次举办奥运会。

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.

他把一生都献给了造福人类(的事业)。

He put off making a decision till he had more information.

在获得更多信息之前，他没有作出决定。

We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.

我们成功克服了所有的困难。

3．在以下结构中常使用动词－ing形式作宾语。

He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.

他每天总是忙于工作，这让他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。

If we have difficulty in understanding，we can go and ask him.

如果我们理解有困难，我们可以去问他。

[名师提醒]　

(1)有的动词后接动词－ing形式作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语。

Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.

原谅我错拆了你的信。

(2)有的动词(如advise，allow，forbid，permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语。

He advised her to buy a computer for convenience.

他建议她方便起见买台电脑。

(3)有些动词(如consider，understand，discuss等)后虽然不接不定式作宾语，却可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。

Have you considered how to get there?

你是否考虑过如何到那儿去？

用所给动词的适当形式填空

①I tried               (garden) but didn’t succeed.

②Would you mind               (move) the box for me?

③We are all looking forward to               (visit) the museum soon.

④The deer was lucky and it just missed                (catch) by the hunter.

【答案】1.gardening 2.moving 3.visiting 4.being caught

二、动词－ing形式作表语

1．用来说明主语的具体内容。在这种情况下，主语和表语通常是对等关系，可互换位置。

His hobby is reading books in his spare time.

＝Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.他的爱好是在业余时间读书。

Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.

＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽可能使演讲厅保持干净。

2．用来表示主语所具有的特征，这时多为动词－ing形式的形容词，如：astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。

The news that our school won the game was exciting.我们学校赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。

The lecture yesterday was very interesting.昨天的演讲非常有趣。

用所给动词的适当形式填空

①It is quite a               (move) story，isn’t it?

②His main task is               (sell) smart blackboards at the moment.

③In my opinion，the ending of the movie is               (bore)．

④The match looked very competitive but the result was               (disappoint)．

⑤The most important thing now is               (find) a place to live in.

⑥What he prefers to do in the morning is               (run)．

【答案】1.moving 2.selling 3.boring4.disappointing5.finding 6.running

随堂练习

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Fast food is full of fat and salt；by               (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

2．My duties will include               (introduce) British visitors to the pandas at Chengdu.

3．              (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.

4．What I dislike is               (stay) up too late.

5．After               (look) at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.

6．Keep in mind that forgiveness doesn’t necessarily mean               (accept) the actions of the person who upsets you.

7．The speech you delivered is very interesting and               (encourage)．

8．I quickly lower myself，ducking(低下头) my head to avoid                (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.

9．During the rosy years of elementary school(小学)，I enjoyed               (share) my dolls and jokes，which allowed me to keep my high social status.

10．I still remember               (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

【答案】1.eating 2.introducing 3.Ignoring 4.staying 5.looking 6.accepting  7.encouraging8.looking 9.sharing 10.visiting

Ⅱ.补全句子

1．I                                                         ．

我承认犯了一个严重的错误。

2．I found                                                         ．

我发现和他争论没用。

3．It is worthwhile                                                         ．

在教育上多花钱是值得的。

4．                                           can enlarge your vocabulary.

每天记一些新单词可以扩大你的词汇量。

5．I can’t imagine                                            his parents.

我难以想象那个男孩对他的父母说话那么粗鲁。

6．                                           was a great honour to the family.

被邀请去参加聚会是这个家庭的荣耀。

7．Mr Jones decided to walk to the university                                           ．

琼斯先生决定步行去大学而不坐出租车。

8．While going shopping，people sometimes can’t help                                           ．

在购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服去买他们不需要的东西。

【答案】1.admitted making/having made a serious mistake2.it useless arguing with him3.spending much money on education4.Remembering some new words every day 5.the boy speaking so rudely to6.Being invited to the party7.instead of taking a taxi8.being persuaded into buying something they don’t need

Ⅲ.语法填空

Do you have sleeping 1.____________ (problem)？Then these tips may help you 2.____________ (fall) asleep fast.

To begin with，set aside the thought that you have to sleep.The more you think of it，the   3.____________  (hard) you will fall asleep.

The foods you eat also play an important part.Avoid   4.____________ (drink) things like coffee and energy drinks.If you have to，have them in the morning and never in the afternoon especially before going to bed.Don’t eat too much at night.A full stomach will make it much more difficult   5.____________ (fall) asleep because your body needs to work longer   6.____________   (digest) the foods you ate.

Make a   7.____________ (fix) time to go to bed.For example，by nine o’clock in the evening you should be already in bed.Do this even if you are not sleepy yet.Once   8.____________ (follow) this routine，you will gradually find that you feel sleepy when it’s nine o’clock.

Make your room comfortable for   9.____________ (have) a good sleep.You should also notice that sleeping environment also affects your sleep.It must be in the room where it’s not 10.____________ (noise)．Otherwise，you’ll find it difficult to fall asleep again after waking up.

1.problems　【解析】考查名词的数。句中problem为可数名词，空前没有表示数量的限定词，且根据常识可知，睡眠问题有许多种，故此处应用复数形式。

2．(to)fall　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示这些诀窍可能会帮助你快速入睡。动词help表示“帮助”时，后接不定式作宾补，不定式符号to可以省略。

3．harder　【解析】考查形容词的比较级。此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……越……”。

4．drinking　【解析】考查非谓语动词。avoid意为“避免”，后接动词－ing作宾语。

5．to fall　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示吃饱会使你更难入眠。此处是“make＋形式宾语it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”结构，真正的宾语由不定式充当。

6．to digest　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示你的身体要花费更多的时间去消化你吃的食物。

7．fixed　【解析】考查形容词。此处指在固定的时间上床睡觉。形容词fixed在此表示“固定的”。

8．following　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示你一旦遵循这个规定时间，就会逐渐发现一到9点你就困了。follow与句子主语you之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词－ing形式。

9．having　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处for为介词，后应接动词－ing作宾语。

10．noisy　【解析】考查形容词。此处表示必须在不吵闹的房间里睡觉。空处作表语，故应用形容词。

Writing——描述肢体语言

1．介绍肢体语言的应用；

2．举例说明肢体语言的作用；

3．总结肢体语言在交流中的重要作用。

1．As you know，body language of different cultures has a lot in common in the world.

正如你所知，世界上不同文化的肢体语言有许多相同之处。

2．Body language is very useful because it can hep you make yourself easily understood.

肢体语言非常有用，因为它可以帮助你更容易让别人明白你的意思。

3．When you are talking with others，you are not just using words，but also using expressions and gestures.

当你和别人交谈时，你不仅仅是在用文字，而且还使用表情和手势。

4．However，body language is widely used in our daily life.

然而，肢体语言在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。

5．Body language is extremely important when it comes to making a good first impression.

在创造良好的第一印象方面，肢体语言极为重要。

6．It can make a difference and even make you more likeable.

它会有影响，甚至让你更讨人喜欢。

7．In a word，body language is as important as written language and spoken language in communication.

总之，在交际中，肢体语言和书面语、口语一样重要。

8．When you use a foreign language，it is very important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign country.

当你使用一门外语时，了解手势和动作在该国的含义是非常重要的。

假如你是李华，你校校报的英文版就身势语的差异进行征稿。请你根据以下表格内容完成一个关于中美身势语差异的英文稿件。

　　注意：1.短文应包括表格所示的全部内容，可适当发挥；

2．词数100左右，文章开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：轻拍pat；安慰comfort

As  we  have  more  communication  with foreigners，we should pay more attention to the differences in the body language.

第一步　审题谋篇

第二步　要点翻译

1．从表格中我们可以看到这种情况。

We can see this situation from  the table.

2．中国女性经常手牵手走路。

Women in China often walk hand in hand．

3．这在美国并不常见。

It is not always common in America.

4．美国人通常站得离彼此不是很近。

Americans usually don’t stand close to each other.

5．他们几乎不碰对方，尤其是同性之间。

They barely touch each other，especially for people of the same sex.

6．美国人认为伸出舌头是无礼的，但是中国人却经常使用这种身势语。

Americans think it’s rude to put out one’s tongue，but the Chinese often use this gesture language.

7．他们感到尴尬或羞愧。

They are embarrassed or ashamed．

8．中国人会拍拍孩子的头。

Chinese  people  will pat children on the head．

9．他们喜欢他们。

They like them．

10．美国人也这样做。

Americans do so as well.

11．他们想表达喜爱或安慰。

They want to express favour or comfort．

12．只有充分理解肢体语言的差异，我们才能恰当地进行沟通。

We can communicate appropriately only by fully understanding  the differences in body language.

第三步　词句升级

1．将句1、2、3合并为含有as、which引导的定语从句的主从复合句。

As we see from the table，women in China often walk hand in hand，which is not always common in America.

2．将句4、5合并为一个并列复合句。

Americans usually don’t stand close to each other and they barely touch each other，especially for people of the same sex.

3．将句6、7合并为含有形式宾语it和时间状语从句的并列复合句。

Americans think it rude to put out one’s tongue，but the Chinese often use this gesture language when they are embarrassed or ashamed.

4．将句8、9、10、11合并为含有条件状语从句、时间状语从句的并列复合句。

Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them，and Americans do so as well when they want to express favour or comfort.

5．将句12升级为倒装句。

Only by fully understanding the differences in body language can we communicate appropriately.

第四步　连句成篇

As we have more communication with foreigners，we should pay more attention to the differences in the body language.

As we see from the table，women in China often walk hand in hand，which is not always common in America.By comparison，Americans usually don’t stand close to each other and they barely touch each other，especially for people of the same sex.Also，Americans think it rude to put out one’s tongue，but the Chinese often use this gesture language when they are embarrassed or ashamed.Furthermore，Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them，and Americans do so as well when they want to express favour or comfort.

In a word，differences do exist；only by fully understanding the differences in body language can we communicate appropriately.

    假如你是李华，你的英国朋友罗伯特准备来中国学习，因此想了解一些中国人的肢体语言。请你用英语给他写封邮件，向他介绍一些日常的肢体语言。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Robert，

I am glad to receive your email.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Yours，

Li Hua

【参考范文】

Dear__Robert，

I am glad to receive your email.Now I will tell you something about body language in China.

First，in China，we wave our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye”．Second，we usually greet our guests by shaking hands with them.Of course，some people may nod and smile instead of shaking hands.Third，when you are introduced to a Chinese group，they may greet you with clapping their hands.In addition，like people in many other countries，we nod our heads to say “yes” and shake our heads to say “no”．Last but not least，people will hold their thumbs up to praise a person if he does something great.Sometimes，we bow to show great respect and thanks to others.

I hope this information will be helpful to you.

Yours，

Li Hua

概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A while back，I received an e－mail from a concerned mother.In it，she described her son’s addiction to smoking.She told me about how she had done this and that trying to help.She was scared she was going to lose her son.She then asked me a simple question: “What do you wish you had done differently？” The question was really hard to answer.I simply didn’t have an adequate answer.At first，I thought of all of the little mistakes I made.Perhaps，if added up，they would have made a difference.After a few weeks of deliberation，I finally discovered a better answer.I would have learned to listen.

First，I would have learned to listen to my son.All along through his words and actions he told me there was nothing I could do to fix him.But as a parent，I knew that it was my job to fix my son.That’s what parents do，and we fix things.I spent years trying to fix him，despite the fact that he was telling me not to.Eventually，he realized how I loved him and gave in to my love.

I would have also learned to listen to other parents.Listening is very different from searching for answers.Getting answers to questions or “what to do” solutions assumes that there is a single answer that will awaken not only you but also your addicted loved one from this nightmare.And I would have learned to listen to my heart and my head.My heart reminds me that where there is life，there’s hope.It allows me to love someone that by all accounts seems to be unlovable.Yet my head reminds me of the reality of addiction.Your heart and your head should work together.

Listening is hard.After all，nobody will ever love your child the way you do.You fed him，changed him，raised him and provided him with all that was needed.Listening to your child is hard when loving and caring for him has always been an instinct.What do I wish I had done differently? I wish I had learned how to listen sooner.

【参考范文】

When asked how to help a boy by a mother，I think it’s important to listen.(要点1)If I were that mother，I would have listened to my son to make him realize my love.(要点2)I would have also learned to listen to other parents as well as my heart and my head.(要点3)Though listening is hard，I wish I had done it sooner.(要点4)