（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案29 Unit 3 environmental protection 新人教版选择性必修第三册

选择性必修第三册　UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Ⅰ.完形填空

“What’s all this tree-planting for？”I was asked when I began writing about __1.B__ a piece of land I had bought in Somerset. The truth is, I just love trees. And I am not alone. As I get older, all I really __2.D__ is to plant trees, Prince Charles says in a BBC documentary in which he is filmed in the wood he planted on the day Prince George was born.

There are __3.C__ and wonderful trees in our cities and villages. They were planted, or self-sown, years, even centuries ago. We take them for granted, __4.C__ the creatures living among them, remain in ignorance of the __5.B__ trees are doing us(cleaning the air, for instance) and cut them down for new __6.A__. Yet we keep a feeling of affection for them. This may account for the __7.B__ the government faced in 2010 when it sought to sell off publicly owned woods, and for the wide support that the Woodland Trust (a tree-protecting charity) __8.A__.

Trees need __9.A__， which is why I, a city-resident, bought my Somerset woodland in 1999. At that time, climate change was already well proved, __10.D__ my hopes of planting long-lived oaks and pines gradually developed into anxiety about their __11.B__. Tree diseases new to the UK, wind, drought and flood were all piling up against them.

But I did not __12.D__ things to move so fast. The woodland is still good, the new trees are growing like mad, but the creatures are __13.C__. The rabbits have disappeared and the owl has moved. The bees and butterflies are still there but in smaller numbers. How can this happen on land __14.C__ pesticides (杀虫剂)？Surely, it indicates we need to give nature the chance to restore its own __15.D__. Meanwhile, I love my wood, and so do many of its visitors. And tree-planting has done wonders for restoring my balance town and country.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者写树木给人带来的好处，和自己买下一块萨默塞特林地种树，种树的目的就是维持人与自然的平衡。

1. A．replacing　　　　　　　　 B.restoring 

C．recycling　 D．returning

解析：句意：当我写我在恢复萨默塞特购买的那片土地时，我被问道：种这些树是为了什么？replace替代；restor恢复；recycle回收利用；return归还。根据最后一句“And tree-planting has done wonders for restoring my balance town and country.”得知作者种树是为了恢复土地。故选B。

2．A.apply for　 B．wait for 

C．make for　 D．long for

解析：句意：随着年龄增长，我唯一渴望的就是种树。apply for申请；wait for等待；make for有助于；long for渴望。作者唯一渴望的就是种树。故选D。

3．A.holy　 B．young 

C．mature　 D．mysterious

解析：句意：在我们城市和村庄有成熟美丽的大树。holy神圣的；young年轻的；mature成熟的；mysterious神秘的。空格后面一句写到这些树被种或者自己成长在几年以前或者是几个世纪前，因而推测出我们村庄的这些树是成熟的(mature)。故选C。

4．A.raise　 B．watch 

C．ignore　 D．abuse

解析： 句意：我们认为这些树是理所当然的，忽视了生活在其中的其他生物，忽视了树给我们带来的净化空气等等的好处，砍下树木另作他用。raise上升；watch看；ignore忽略；abuse滥用。空格后有ignorance，所以这里选择ignore。故选C。

5．A.honor　 B．good 

C．credit　 D．justice

解析：句意同上题。honor荣誉；good好处；credit信用；justice正义。空格后有 clean the air(净化空气)等好处，所以选择good赞扬树木。故选B。

6．A.use　 B．spirit 

C．life　 D．hope

解析：句意同上题。use用途；spirit精神；life生活；hope希望。人们忽视树木的好处，为了新的用途而砍树。故选A。

7．A.approval　 B．opposition 

C．option　 D．dilemma

解析：句意：这可以解释政府在2010年试图卖掉公有树木时遭遇了反对，因为获得了广泛的支持。approval支持；opposition反对；option选择；dilemma困境。Woodland Trust(树木保护组织)获胜了。上文是公众喜爱树木，所以应该是反对政府卖树的。故选B。

8．A.wins　 B．rejects 

C．requires　 D．withdraws

解析：句意：树木保护组织赢了。win赢；reject拒绝；require要求；withdraw撤退。因为获得了wide support，所以Woodland Trust(树木保护组织)赢了。故选A。

9．A.space　 B．time 

C．company　 D．nutrition

解析：句意：树木生长需要空间。space空间；time时间；company公司；nutrition营养。我在1999年买下萨默塞特林地的原因是树木需要空间。故选A。

10．A.since　 B．for 

C．yet　 D．so

解析：句意：当时，气候变化已经得到了很好的证明，所以我种植长寿橡树和松树的希望逐渐变成了焦虑。前后是因果关系。故选D。

11．A.benefits　 B．chances 

C．location　 D．appearance

解析：句意同上题。benefit益处；chance机会；location位置；appearance外表。气候变化已被证实，所以我对树木是否有生长机会的忧虑。故选B。

12．A.wish　 B．intend 

C．allow　 D．expect

解析：句意：但是我没预料到事态发展地如此之快。wish祈求；intend打算；allow允许； expect期待；预料。因为林地目前很好，但新树苗在疯长。故选D。

13．A.in place　 B．in order 

C．in decline　 D．in question

解析：句意：生物的数量在减少。in place适当的；in order整齐；in decline下降；in question考虑中的。上文提到树木在疯长，用but转折可知 creatures的数量应该在减少(in decline)。故选C。

14．A.short of　 B．sick of 

C．free of　 D．full of

解析：句意：我们如何让这片土地上的生物摆脱杀虫剂呢？short of缺乏；sick of厌恶；free of摆脱；full of充满。杀虫剂阻碍生物生长，要摆脱它们。故选C。

15．A.glory　 B．function 

C．impact　 D．balance

解析：句意：我们要给自然机会去维持自身的均衡。glory荣誉；function功能；impact影响； balance平衡。我们要给自然机会去维持自身的均衡，和最后一句 restore my balance呼应。故选D。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2022·湖北省八市联考)

A water pump known as Gruba Kaska (Fat Kathy) is a local landmark in Warsaw. To get there, you must walk 300 meters through a slimy tunnel under the Vistula river. There you will find eight clams (蛤蜊) hooked up to computers. They are monitoring the city’s drinking water.

The system is very good. When the molluscs encounter heavy metals, pesticides or other pollutants, they close their shells, explains Piotr Domek of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, who has worked on the project for three decades. To create a natural early-warning system, Mr. Domek and his colleagues collect the clams from rivers or reservoirs, and attach a coil (线圈) and a magnet to their shells. Computers register whether their shells are open or closed by detecting changes in the magnetic field.

“In the case of a terrorist attack, an ecological disaster or another contamination of the water supply, the clams will close，” says Mr. Domek. This, in turn，will automatically cut off the water supply. The clams, he thinks, are life-savers. “If contaminated water goes straight to our taps, we will get poisoned，” he says in Fat Kathy, a short film that celebrates the invaluable bivalves(双壳贝)．

Today 50 Polish waterworks (and one in Russia) use clams in this way. There are drawbacks. Clams, as the proverb reminds us, cannot talk. So they never reveal which toxin is causing them to clam up. Also, it seems that they may be less good at detecting dangerous pharmaceuticals (医药品)．Still, Piotr Klimaszyk, who leads the team that developed the system, thinks it ought to be used everywhere. It is cheap: all you need is clams and computers. “It allows you to check the water quality hour by hour, minute by minute, so why not？”

Mr. Domek is now so fond of clams that he tries to deter people from eating them. He mischievously suggests that they “have a negative effect on [sexual] potency”. Julia Pelka, the film-maker behind Fat Kathy, has also stopped eating them. “We use them ’to protect ourselves from ourselves’”， she says.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了蛤蜊如何对付污染。

1．What does the underlined word “register” in the second paragraph mean？__B__

A．Explain.　 B．Show.

C．Express.　 D．Suggest.

解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“There you will fill eight clams (蛤蜊) hooked up to computers.(有8个蛤蜊连接电脑。)”。第二段说他们收集水里的蛤蜊，并在课上装上线圈和磁铁，电脑将会怎样通过磁力场中察觉变化是否他们的壳会开还是关。第三段说壳关闭的话反过来会关闭水提供。可知电脑是登记这些蛤蜊开或关。故选B。

2．How do clams work while protecting city’s drinking water？__B__

A．They refuse to drink the water when it is contaminated.

B．They close their shells when faced with pollutants.

C．They remind the computer operator to cut off the water supply.

D．They deal with the polluted water immediately.

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“This, in turn, will automatically cut off the water supply. The clams, he thinks, are life-savers.’If contaminated water goes straight to our taps, we will get poisoned，’(这反过来又会自动切断供水。他认为，蛤蜊是救命稻草。“如果被污染的水直接流入我们的水龙头，我们就会中毒”)。”所以说他的壳会关闭，相应的电脑会关闭水供应，可知当面对污染物时，它们会关闭外壳。故选B。

3．What does the author want to do in the last paragraph？__A__

A．To advise people to protect clams.

B．To introduce a film about clams.

C．To show people how to protect themselves.

D．To warn people clams are harmful to mental health.

解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Mr. Domek is now so fond of clams that he tries to deter people from eating them.... she says.”可知是建议人们保护蛤蜊。故选A。

4．What is the main idea of the passage？__D__

A．The importance of clean drinking water.

B．The basic ways to fight pollution.

C．What we can do to protect clams.

D．How clams fight pollution.

解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段可知本文主要讲述了蛤蜊如何对付污染。故选D。

Ⅲ.七选五

(2022·无锡市教学质检)

A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think. Think, and then act. We need to take action on our dependence on plastic. We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities. Drinking bottles, shopping bags and even clothes are made of plastic. __1.D__ What happens to all the rest? This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers.

The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale.But during the journey the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge and thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.__2.A__ In total, they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the film.

In the film, there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life. __3.G__ We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean. The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious.

__4.E__ In the second half, the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem. They present short-term and long-term solutions. These include avoiding plastic containers and recycling as much as you can. The filmmakers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programs.

We make a shocking amount of plastic. Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year, and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans. The results are disastrous, but it isn’t too late to change. __5.B__

A．This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas.

B．Once you’ve seen the film, you’ll realize it is time to do our part.

C．It has raised public concern all over the world.

D．We live in a world full of plastic, and only a small amount is recycled.

E．But the film doesn’t only present the negative side.

F．In conclusion, we only have one earth to live on.

G．These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影《塑料海洋》的主要内容：塑料垃圾对海洋和海洋生物造成的危害引起人们的关注，是要做出行动的时候了。

解析：

1．根据设空处下一句“What happens to all the rest？(剩下的怎么办？)”再结合本文主题是大量塑料垃圾带来的危害可知，设空处应该是指其中一小部分被回收利用。故D项(我们生活在充斥着塑料的世界中，只有其中很少的一部分被回收利用。)符合语境。故选D。

2．本段主要讲述电影制作人在拍摄蓝鲸的过程中发现印度洋上漂浮着一层又厚又大的塑料，这令他们震惊，再结合设空处下一句“In total, they visited 20 locations around the world(他们一共到访了世界上20个地点)”可知。A项(这使得他们到世界各地去观察其他受影响的地区。)符合语境。故选A。

3．设空处前后描述的情况是相反的，前面是说电影中拍摄了海洋中很多美丽的地方和海洋生物，后面是说我们看到海洋生物因为人类丢弃的塑料而被杀死。前后对比鲜明。故选G项(这些与倾倒的塑料垃圾形成对比。)符合语境。故选G。

4．上一段讲电影呈现的是人类使用塑料对海洋生物的伤害，而根据设空处后的内容可知，本段主要讲述电影着眼于解决此类问题的方法，这是积极的方面。故E项(但是，这部电影不只呈现消极的一面。)符合语境。故选E。

5．根据设空处上一句“The results are disastrous, but it isn’t too late to change.(结果是灾难性的，但现在改变还为时未晚。)”可知，此处应是电影呼吁人们要行动起来。故选B(一旦你看过这部电影，就将会意识到我们该行动了。)，且与文章首段第一句“A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think. Think, and then act.”相呼应。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2022·重庆巴蜀中学月考)

Recently, China has adopted a target to reach China’s net zero carbon emissions by 2060. Remarkably, in the world __1.where__ words are cheap, there has been action, too. In America and Europe, the consumption of coal, the largest source of greenhouse gases, has fallen __2.sharply__(sharp) since 2009. This is a victory, but only a partial one. In the past decade, consumption in Asia has grown __3.by__ a quarter. Now the continent __4.accounts__ (account) for 77% of all coal use.

If the aim is to limit __5.global__(globe) temperature rises to 2℃ above pre-industrial levels, it is no good waiting for Asia’s appetite for coal __6.to_fade__(fade). New plants are still being constructed. Many __7.completed__(complete) ones are not yet fully used and still have decades of life in them.

Hence Asia needs new policies to kick its coal habit, and soon. __8.The__ goal should be to stop new coal-fired power plants __9.being_built__(build) and to retire existing ones. Some countries have taken a first step. The Philippines has declared a moratorium (暂停) on new plants; Japan is slowing __10.construction__(construct), too. China’s new five-year-plan, which will be published next year, may also limit coal use.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近，中国制定了一个目标，即到2060年将中国净碳排放量降至零。世界上其他很多国家也在逐步改变用碳习惯，减少碳排放量，缓解气候变暖。

解析：

1．考查定语从句。句意：引人注意的是，在一个言语廉价的世界里，也已有了行动派。分析句子可知，设空处及之后的内容为限制性定语从句，先行词为 world，关系词在从句中作状语，表地点，应该用where引导该从句。故填where。

2．考查副词。句意：在美国和欧洲，煤炭(温室气体最大的来源)的消耗量，自2009年以来急剧下降。设空处修饰动词fall，应用副词。故填sharply。

3．考查介词。句意：在过去的十年，亚洲的消耗量增长了四分之一。分析句子可知，名词a quarter前应该用介词，表示增长了多少，应用介词by。故填by。

4．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：现在，亚洲大陆的煤炭使用量占煤炭使用总量的77%。根据时间状语now可知，本句应用一般现在时，主语continent是单数概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填 accounts。

5．考查形容词。句意：如果目标是将全球气温上升限制在比工业化前高2℃以内，那么等待亚洲对煤炭的需求逐渐减退是没有好处的。设空处修饰名词短语temperature rises，应用形容词。故填global。

6．考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，动词fade与句子谓语动词is之间无连词，应用非谓语形式；且fade与它所修饰的名词appetite之间为主动关系，表示将要发生，要用不定式。故填to fade。

7．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多已建成的工厂还没有被充分利用，仍然有几十年的寿命。分析句子结构可知，动词complete与句子谓语动词are之间无连词，应用非谓语形式，且它与所修饰词ones之间是被动关系，表示动作已完成，应用过去分词形式。故填completed。

8．考查冠词。句意：目标应该是停止新建燃煤发电厂。goal为可数名词，作主语，其前应用冠词修饰，因目标是上句提到的新政策(new policies)的目标，表示特指，应用定冠词修饰，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填The。

9．考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，动词build与句子谓语动词should be之间无连词，应用非谓语形式；它与所修饰词plants之间是被动关系，且表示正在进行。故填being built。

10．考查名词。句意：日本也在放缓建设步伐。设空处作动词slowing的宾语，表示“放缓建设”，应用名词。故填construction。