2024届高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第三册UNIT3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION课时作业含答案

这是一份2024届高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第三册UNIT3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION课时作业含答案，共8页。

选择性必修 第三册
UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(山东省日照市2022届高三下学期3月一模考试)Despite Kyle Tianshi being only a 15-year-old US high schooler, he has published five sci-fi novels. His fifth book Eventide was released in July. However, this may not be his most impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Hero Award”, a $20, 000 grand prize. It is the top honor in the California Youth Sustainability Awards. The competition aims to encourage and support young community leaders who are making a difference for sustainability in their communities by taking action for the planet.
Kyle, a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US, received the honor for his portable invention called NEREID. The device can detect microscopic particles(微观粒子) in water by using a laser and microscope. These particles can be harmful to people and the environment.
Kyle came up with the idea for the invention based on his experience growing up in San Diego, California, US. People had no access to unpolluted drinking water and his parents asked him not to drink tap water. Kyle spent about $60 buying the tools needed to analyze the tap water:a laser, a microscope and a micro-computer.“It’s incredibly powerful for the price,” Kyle said. Then he used their family’s garage as his laboratory, doing research on the pollution of drinking water caused by micro-plastics.
Kyle hopes to bring to market a low-cost alternative tool for detecting micro-plastic pollution levels in drinking water. In this way, he can offer help to people who don’t have access to water filtration(过滤) systems. He has applied for a patent.
Kyle said his sister Emily, a freshman at Stanford University, inspired his interest in environmental research. She was recognized nationally for developing a water collection device. They have founded the Clearwater Innovation program to advocate for clean water through social media platforms and organize community cleanup events.
1.What do we know about Kyle?
A.He is good at adapting sci-fi works.
B.He entered many novel contests.
C.He received an award for his invention.
D.He’s found microscopic particles in water.
2. What led to Kyle’s creation of NEREID?
A.People’s lack of clean drinking water.
B.People’s poor living conditions.
C.His desire to be a community leader.
D.His family’s encouragement.
3.Which of the following best describes Kyle?
A.Considerate and brave.
B.Optimistic and honest.
C.Determined and humorous.
D.Responsible and creative.
4.What’s the text mainly about?
A.The introduction of NEREID.
B.A boy’s contribution to literature.
C.The harm of polluted water.
D.A US schooler’s water solution.
　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备,获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,Kyle因他的发明而获奖。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知,Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。
3.D　推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容可知,Kyle发明NEREID,使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水,并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水,保护环境,因此他有责任心且有创意。
4.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述Kyle Tianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备,使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水,还和Emily一起创立了清水创新项目,倡导清洁用水,故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。
B
(河北省衡水市2022届高三下学期二模考试)Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect enemies and communicate with one another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. Some deal with by singing more loudly, some change the timing of their calls to occur when fewer people are driving, others just move to quieter places.
All of these actions come with significant costs attached and scientists have long documented the ecological damage caused by noise pollution. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, has showed that plants suffer too.
That plants can be hampered indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since most flowering species depend upon pollinators(传粉者) and most fruit-bearing species need animals to spread their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. What has remained unknown is whether or not plants themselves suffer directly from noise pollution.
Sounds are pressure waves transmitted through gases, liquids and solids. Scientists have previously assumed that plants may be able to sense these waves as they are struck by them. A number of experiments have confirmed this in recent years—plants bombed with ultrasound(超声波) in the lab have shown a range of bad responses including the expression of stress-related genes, slow growth and reduced production of seeds.
Yet bombing plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandi decided to set up an experiment to study precisely this question.
5.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To introduce the topic.
B.To draw readers’ interest.
C.To stress the damage of noise.
D.To state sound’s effect on animals.
6.What does the underlined word “hampered” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Killed. B.Harmed.
C.Attracted. D.Frightened.
7.What is still unknown to scientists?
A.How some animals respond to noise.
B.That noise isn’t a problem unique to animals.
C.Whether plants suffer directly from noise pollution.
D.That most plants depend on animals to spread seeds.
8.What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph?
A.Ways to solve the problems of traffic noise.
B.Differences between ultrasound and traffic noise.
C.Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandi’s achievements on plants study.
D.The experiment about the influence of traffic noise on plants.
　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现植物害怕噪音。
5.A　推理判断题。全文主要讲述植物也害怕噪音。第一段讲动物受噪音干扰及其应对措施,是为了引出本文的话题——植物也害怕噪音。
6.B　词义猜测题。根据上文“But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, has showed that plants suffer too.”和下文“these animal partners are harmed by noise”的提示可知,画线词的含义是“损害”。
7.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,目前尚不清楚的是,植物本身是否直接受到噪音污染的影响。
8.D　推理判断题。最后一段提到“To this end, Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandi decided to set up an experiment to study precisely this question.”可推断,接下来要讲的是关于交通噪音对植物影响的实验。
C
(2022届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第二次模拟考试)A Duke University-led study finds that bottlenose dolphins burn calories at a lower rate as they get older, just like humans do. It’s the first time that scientists have measured an age-related metabolic(新陈代谢的) slowdown in another large-bodied species besides humans, said the first author Rebecca Rimbach.
Rimbach has studied energy consumption in animals ranging from mice to monkeys. But data on the inner workings of sea animals such as dolphins and whales have been scant, she says. “That’s because these ocean animals are difficult to catch for repeated measurement. It can be very tricky to get the animal back when you need it,” Rimbach said.
The researchers studied 10 bottlenose dolphins aged 10 to 45 living at two sea animal centers. To measure their average daily metabolic rates, the researchers used the “doubly labeled water method”. It involved getting the dolphins to drink a few pounds of water with “heavy” forms of hydrogen and oxygen put in, and then following how long they took to force them out. Carers collected the dolphins blood and analyzed the levels of heavy hydrogen and oxygen atoms(原子) in it. Thus, the team was able to count how much carbon dioxide the dolphins produced each day, and then how many calories they were burning as they went about their lives.
The scientists found the oldest dolphins in the study, both in their 40s, used 22% to 49% fewer calories each day than expected for their body weight. And similar to humans, more of those calories ended up as fat rather than muscle. Dolphins in their 40s had body fat percentages that were 2.5 times higher than the under-20 dolphins’. It wasn’t for lack of exercise and it wasn’t because they’re eating too much, Rimbach said. It was related to metabolic aging.
The researchers said such work could uncover factors besides diet and lifestyle that caused age-related weight gain in people. “Further studies into this commonality we share with dolphins may help us understand why our metabolism slows as we age,” said co-author Hannah Salomons.
9.What does the underlined word “scant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Detailed. B.Strange.
C.Rare. D.Different.
10.Why did the carers collect dolphins’ blood during the research?
A.To better know about their oxygen demand.
B.To figure out the amount of burnt calories.
C.To analyze the main content of the blood.
D.To check the health condition of dolphins.
11.What is the reason for the elderly dolphins’ higher percentages of body fat?
A.Their unhealthy lifestyles.
B.Their shortage of exercise.
C.Their weakened metabolism.
D.Their preference for fat food.
12.What can we conclude according to the text?
A.Burning calories needs more fat as dolphins age.
B.Exercise can speed up some animals’ metabolism.
C.Dolphins’ meal timing may influence weight loss.
D.Dolphins’ metabolism tends to slow down with age.
　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,随着年龄的增长,宽吻海豚的新陈代谢速度会降低。
9.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段可知,因为海洋生物很难反复捕捉测量数据,所以关于海洋生物的研究很少。由此推知,scant意为“少的”。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知,收集海豚的血液是为了计算卡路里的消耗量。
11.C　推理判断题。根据第四段可知,成年海豚的体脂高是因为他们的新陈代谢减弱。
12.D　推理判断题。本文主要讲宽吻海豚随着年龄的增长新陈代谢的速度会降低。
Ⅱ.七选五阅读
Earning an MBA Abroad
(2022·福建省龙岩市高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测)Anyone who hopes to lead a Fortune 500 Firm someday should realize that a high-profile leadership role will probably require extensive travel and teamwork with colleagues from all over the world. Any ambitious businessperson may wish to consider attending a business school(B-school) where he or she is neither a citizen nor a permanent resident. When deciding whether to go to a business graduate program in a foreign country, do a cost-benefit analysis. 　1　  
Selling Points and Disadvantages
Earning an MBA or another type of graduate business degree in a foreign country bears valuable advantages. One big advantage is that you will be able to learn about new cultures. 　2　 It also allows you to experience different working styles and how certain companies operate, which can be beneficial for future employers who want employees with global experience. 
　3　 International flights to and from a foreign school may be expensive. You may find it harder than they expected to get visas(签证) or work permits for your schooling abroad, which means you might have to leave the country abruptly when you graduate without much time for transmission. You may also be concerned about cultural differences in learning styles, study habits, and academic strictness. 
Other Factors to Consider
When comparing MBA programs in different countries, keep several regional distinctions in mind. The standard in some countries is for MBA degrees to be completed within a single year. 　4　 The price of B-school in some areas tends to be more expensive and starting salaries among recent MBA graduates tend to be especially high within certain countries. 
No matter where in the world you’d prefer to pursue an MBA, it’s wise to investigate your target B-school’s course offerings to assess whether the lessons taught at that school seem interesting and relevant to you. 　5　 In other words, think over the location where you intend to spend the majority of your career. 
A.This will help in future work opportunities.
B.Another consideration is your final destination.
C.In other places the typical time-to-degree is two years.
D.Admission odds may vary depending on the location of the programs.
E.Unfortunately, there are some downsides to pursuing an MBA overseas.
F.How employers recognize the values of an MBA influences job opportunities.
G.Here is an outline of the pluses and minuses associated with going abroad for B-school.
　　【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了在决定是否去国外读商科课程时,如何做成本效益分析。
1.G　上文“When deciding whether to go to a business graduate program in a foreign country, do a cost-benefit analysis.”指出去国外读商科研究生课程前需要做成本效益分析,G项“以下是出国读商学院的优缺点概述”将“cost-benefit analysis”内容具体化,承接上文,引出下文“Selling Points and Disadvantages”并对去国外读商科研究生课程优缺点的分析,承上启下。
2.A　根据下文中also可知,上文也是介绍出国读商学院的优点,A项“这将有助于未来的工作机会”和上文“One big advantage is that you will be able to learn about new cultures.”一起说明了出国读商学院的另一个优势:让你能了解新的文化,这有助于增加未来的工作机会,符合语境。
3.E　上一段介绍了出国读商学院的两个优势,结合下文“International flights to and from a foreign school may be expensive. You may find it harder than they expected to get visas(签证) or work permits for your schooling abroad…”可知,本段分析了出国读商学院可能面临的问题,所以E项“不幸的是,在海外攻读工商管理学硕士也有一些缺点”是本段中心句,且与上一段内容相照应。
4.C　上文“The standard in some countries is for MBA degrees to be completed within a single year.”和C项“在其他地方,攻读学位的时间通常是两年”介绍了不同国家或地区不同的学制设置,是对中心句“When comparing MBA programs in different countries, keep several regional distinctions in mind.”的举例说明,符合语境。
5.B　下文中提到要考虑自己计划中未来的工作地点,根据句中“In other words”可知,是对上文的句意的另一种表述,B项“另一个考虑因素是你的最终目的地”表达了同样的意思。