一轮巩固卷10-【赢在高考·黄金20卷】备战2022年高考英语模拟卷（全国卷专用）

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【赢在高考·黄金20卷】备战2022年高考英语模拟卷（全国卷专用）
一轮巩固卷10
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1.本试卷共12页，全卷满分150分，回答时间为120分钟；
2. 答卷前，务必将答题卡上密封线内的各项目填写清楚；
3. 本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰；
4. 考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。
第I卷（选择题 共100分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后面有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers talking about?
A．A party. B．A dress. C．A friend.
2．When does the performance start?
A．At 6 o’clock. B．At 7 o’clock. C．At 8 o’clock.
3．Where does the conversation take place?
A．In a garage.
B．In a supermarket.
C．In a restaurant.
4．Who is losing weight?
A．John.
B．Mrs.Green.
C．Linda.
5．What kind of music does the band play?
A．Country music. B．Rock music. C．Pop music.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读有关小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．What’s Chapter Seven about?
A．Biology. B．Rivers. C．Fish.
7．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Classmates. B．Teacher and student. C．Librarian and reader.
听下面一段材料，回答第8至9题。
8．Where does this conversation take place?
A．In a post office. B．In a bookstore. C．At a library.
9．How much should the man pay in total?
A．$2.30. B．$10. C．$12.30.
听下面一段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What is the purpose of the man's leaving?
A．To go sightseeing.
B．To visit his classmate.
C．To have a meeting.
11．What did the man forget to take last time?
A．His computer.
B．His passport.
C．His credit card.
12．When will the man phone?
A．As soon as he arrives.
B．Later when he is free.
C．Just before he meets his friends.
听第下面一段对话，回答第13至第10题。
13．What is Mary doing when meeting Filip?
A．Going home. B．Shopping. C．Going to school.
14．What does Mary do at her supermarket job?
A．She works at the food counter.
B．She puts groceries on the shelves.
C．She carries groceries for customers.
15．Why do Mary and Philip do part time jobs?
A．To keep themselves busy. B．To be able to go outdoors. C．To earn money for school.
16．What is the man going to do this afternoon?
A．Plant trees. B．Pull weeds. C．Wrap vegetables.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17．When did the earthquake happen?
A．In 2010. B．When the speaker was 20. C．10 years ago.
18．What was the speaker doing when the earthquake happened?
A．Cooking lunch. B．Doing her homework. C．Watching TV.
19．Where did the people spend the night?
A．Under the table. B．On the playground. C．Under a bed.
20．How many people got injured?
A．A few. B．Few. C．None.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A
University Room Regulations
Approved and Prohibited (禁止) Items
The following items are approved for use in residential rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fire works, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.
Access to Residential Rooms
Students are provided with a combination for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.
Cooking Policy
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.
Pet Policy
No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of $ 100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.
21．Which of the following items is allowed in student rooms?
A．Ceiling fans and waterbeds. B．Wireless routers and radios.
C．Hair dryers and candles. D．TVs and electric blankets.
22．What do we know about the cooking policy?
A．A microwave oven can be used.
B．Cooking in student rooms is permitted.
C．A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.
D．Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.
23．If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face________.
A．parent visits B．a fine of $100
C．the Student Court D．a written notice
B
If you're a runner who secretly hates running, here's some good news: settling into a leisurely jog rather than an all-out run may actually be better for your health in the long term.
A team from Denmark followed over 5,000 people taking part in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and tracked whether they were non-joggers or joggers who kept a slow, moderate, or fast pace. The participants' health was tracked over the next 12 years, and so was their mortality (死亡率): 28 of the joggers and 128 of the non-joggers died.
The connection was this: Joggers of mild and moderate intensity had a lower risk of death than the fast joggers. In fact, the lowest mortality risk was that of the mild intensity joggers. The fast-paced joggers had about the same mortality rate as sedentary (久坐的) people. This suggests that there may be an upper limit to hard exercise, after which the benefits fall off.
"The U-shaped association between jogging and mortality suggests there may be an upper limit for exercise amount that is best for health benefits," said study author Peter Schnohr. "Anything more is not just unnecessary: it may be harmful." From the current study, jogging just three times per week, for less than 2.5 hours/week was associated with the lowest overall mortality risk.
There've been a lot of mixed messages about the "right" amount of exercise and what intensity is best. The World Health Organization has suggested that the current 150 minutes/week recommendations are strenuous for most people to tackle, and that expectations should be lowered, since, after all, anything is better than nothing. Everyone probably has a level of activity that feels best to him or her. But at least the growing consensus seems to be that more-if you're pushing yourself very hard-is not necessarily better. And it may even be worse.
24．What was the study designed to find out?
A．The advantages of jogging over running.
B．The common causes of death from exercise.
C．The difference between non-joggers and joggers.
D．The relation between exercise amount and health.
25．Who will face the highest mortality risk according to the study?
A．Those fast-paced joggers.
B．Those slow-paced joggers.
C．Those jogging 150 minutes per week.
D．Those jogging just three times per week.
26．What might Peter Schnohr agree with?
A．The early bird catches the worm.
B．Wealth is nothing without health.
C．To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short.
D．Enough exercise brings about happiness.
27．What does the underlined word "strenuous" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Intense. B．Wide-ranging. C．Necessary. D．Far-reaching.
C
The first ever 3D-printed steel bridge has opened in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It was created by robotic arms using welding torches (焊枪) to place the structure of the bridge layer by layer, and was made of 4,500 kilograms of stainless steel.
The 12-metre-long MX3D Bridge was built by four commercially available industrial robots and took six months to print. The structure was transported to its location over the Oudezijds Achterburgwal canal in central Amsterdam last week. Now it is open to walkers and cyclists.
More than a dozen sensors attached to the bridge after the printing was completed will monitor pressure, movement, shakiness and temperature across the structure as people pass over it and the weather changes. This data will be fed into a digital model of the bridge.
Engineers will use this model to study the properties of the unique material and will employ machine learning to spot any trends in the data that could indicate maintenance is necessary. They also hope it will help designers understand how 3D-printed steel might be used for larger and more complex building projects.
Mark Girolami at the University of Cambridge, who is working on the digital model with a team at the Alan Turing Institute in London, says that investigations into bridge failures often display deterioration (退化) that was missed. Constant data feedback may have been able to prevent these failures by providing an early warning, he says.
Girolami says that early indications for the strength of 3D-printed steel are positive. “One of the things that we found is that the strength characteristics are dependent on the directions of the printing. But what was in some sense surprising was that the baseline strength was what you would expect of just rolled steel, and it actually increased in some directions.”
28．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The construction of the bridge. B．The size of the model.
C．The transportation of the structure. D．The completion of the bridge.
29．What will be used to collect related data about the bridge?
A．Robotic arms. B．Sensors. C．Digital models. D．Video monitors.
30．What’s Mark Girolami’s attitude towards the bridge?
A．Skeptical. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive.
31．What is the main idea of the text?
A．The 3D-printing technology is developing rapidly.
B．We have entered the times of 3D-printing technology.
C．The first ever 3D-printed steel bridge has come out.
D．The Netherlands is famous for the first ever 3D-printed steel bridge.
D
Is that “empathy”（移情） or “sympathy” you’re showing? While the two words are often incorrectly used interchangeably, the difference in their emotional impact is important.
Empathy, literally “walk a mile in others’ shoes”, goes beyond sympathy, a simple expression of concern for another person’s misfortune. Empathy requires the ability to recognize the suffering of another person from their point of view and to openly share their emotions, including painful distress. Since it requires shared experiences, people can generally feel empathy only for other people, not for animals. While people may be able to sympathize with a horse, for example, they cannot truly empathize with it.
Sympathy is a feeling and expression of concern for someone, often accompanied by a wish for them to be happier or better off. “Oh dear, I hope the new plan can really work.” In general, sympathy implies a deeper, more personal, level of concern than pity, a simple expression of sorrow. However, unlike empathy, sympathy does not imply that one’s feelings for another are based on shared experiences or emotions.
Psychologists say that empathy is essential in forming relationships and acting toward others. Since it involves experiencing another person’s point of view — stepping outside one’s self —empathy enables genuinely helping behaviors that come easily and naturally, rather than having to be forced.
Empathetic people work effectively in groups, make more lasting friendships, and are more likely to step in when they see others being mistreated. It is believed that people begin to show empathy in infancy and develop the quality through childhood and adolescence. Despite their level of concern for others, however, most people tend to feel deeper empathy for people similar to themselves compared to people outside their family, community, race, or cultural background.
However, taken to extremes, deep or extended feelings of empathy can actually be harmful to one’s emotional health. Empathy can make people angry — perhaps dangerously so — if they mistakenly perceive that another person is threatening a person they care for.
For years, psychologists have reported cases of too empathetic patients endangering the well-being of themselves and their families by giving away their life savings to random needy individuals. Such too empathetic people who feel they are somehow responsible for the distress of others have developed an empathy-based guilt.
32．What does the phrase “walk a mile in others’ shoes” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Put oneself in others’ situation.
B．Walk a long distance in others’ shoes.
C．Accompany others in the long jogging.
D．Walk with others to share their experiences.
33．How do you understand the level of concern according to Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
A．Pity = sympathy. B．Sympathy = empathy.
C．Pity < sympathy. D．Sympathy > empathy.
34．Which of the following statements about empathy is true?
A．Empathy is a feeling that exists between human beings and animals.
B．Empathy is essential to form relationship, so the deeper, the better.
C．Empathy is to just express sadness to other without shared experiences.
D．People are more likely to show empathy to those who have something in common.
35．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Empathy, Good or Bad? B．Two Important Human Feelings.
C．Empathy vs. Sympathy. D．Empathy, A Must in Relationship.
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Music influences your emotions. In turn, your emotions influence your behavior. One of these is your food intake. 36． What does science say about this subject?
Researchers at the University of Arkansas studied how music influences people when they eat in a restaurant. For the study, they used four types of music: jazz, classical, rock, and hip-hop. Their results showed that people had more appetite when they listened to jazz music while they ate. 37． This has a lot to do with emotions. For instance, when you listen to music with harmonic rhythms like jazz, you feel happier. This increases your appetite.
However, another study published in Psychological Reports suggests it isn’t only increased appetite that causes people to eat more. 38． A more stimuli-filled environment makes you eat more. In fact, they tend to urge you on to eat and even “encourage” you to eat faster. On the other hand, if the atmosphere in the restaurant is relaxed, you’re likely to feel more relaxed and spend more time enjoying yourself. For this reason, you’ll tend to eat less.
Besides, the study conducted by the Journal of the Academy suggests that the volume of music can also have an effect on how you eat. More specifically, the study states that, with low-volume music, you eat better because you make healthier choices. On the other hand, the study claims that music at high volume increases stimulation and stress. 39．
For this reason, restaurants should consider the fact when thinking about the optimization of their products and services. 40． They equip themselves with the technology needed to provide memorable experiences through music, greatly strengthening their relationship with the customer.
A．Does music influence how you eat?
B．Being in a rush to eat also plays a part.
C．Does your emotion boost your appetite?
D．However, they had less appetite when listening to hip-hop.
E.In fact, many catering establishments have already taken action.
F.This could prove to be quite an interesting concept for restaurants.
G.This means you’re more likely to order comfort food or other unhealthy options.
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I wrote a book called Standing Up for Standing Out on the topic of being different. It was inspired by John Schwartz, a writer for The New York Times, who once said that being 41 to adversity (逆境) as early as possible is very useful in how someone 42 his life. He suggests that one gradually becomes 43 and “inoculated” (注射过预防针的) against stress by having to deal with it early on, just as a vaccination helps your body learn to 44 germs before they can do your body 45 harm.
Growing because of trials can be 46 to an oyster (牡蛎) that has a grain of sand inside. In 47 to this invader, the oyster makes the most of its trial and produces a beautiful pearl in the end. 48 the challenge or setback of having this uncomfortable grain of 49 , the oyster would never make the pearl.
This made me 50 many instances from my past when all of my 51 were playing basketball without me, which made me feel 52 left out. However, during those long period of 53 , while my friends played basketball games one after another, I was working on 54 myself. I was practicing the piano, reading self-development books, 55 on excelling in school, etc. These were very 56 days for me and I believe that I wouldn’t be who I am today if l hadn’t endured the 57 that came from being different.
As I mentioned in my new book, our differences do 58 us, and the challenges we deal with can help us make something beautiful and 59 . Many people I talked with supported this principle and they explained why they experienced greater 60 from greater challenges.
41．A．addicted B．forced C．applied D．exposed
42．A．goes through B．goes off C．goes around D．goes by
43．A．weaker B．wiser C．lazier D．healthier
44．A．resist B．gain C．deliver D．create
45．A．obvious B．serious C．slight D．sensitive
46．A．contributed B．turned C．transferred D．compared
47．A．response B．respect C．regard D．relation
48．A．At B．By C．Without D．On
49．A．shell B．sand C．scar D．salt
50．A．select B．describe C．celebrate D．recall
51．A．teachers B．parents C．friends D．brothers
52．A．completely B．gradually C．reasonably D．regularly
53．A．construction B．thought C．consideration D．trial
54．A．encouraging B．correcting C．improving D．understanding
55．A．depending B．focusing C．calling D．turning
56．A．meaningless B．surprising C．influential D．carefree
57．A．hobbies B．chances C．decisions D．hardships
58．A．remind B．shape C．embarrass D．weaken
59．A．shocking B．frightening C．inspiring D．disappointing
60．A．growth B．happiness C．gladness D．depression
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共50分）
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在答题卡相应位置处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of London’s most famous lost landmarks will be restored this Christmas as part of a wonderful display of Chinese lanterns.
Lightopia will be lighting up Crystal Palace Park in London throughout the Christmas and New Year period, with the center-piece of the display61．(be) a recreation of the famous building, built for the first world fair, but 62．(destroy) by fire in 1936. Its memory63．(keep) alive over the last decades in the name of the area64．its local soccer team, on whose badge (徽章) it still features. Through the display, Crystal Palace is recreating65．(it) and restoring its former glory.
In addition to returning to the capital for the second time, after66．one-year absence, for the third year running there will be another Lightopia display in Manchester’s Heaton Park, one of the United Kingdom’s67． (big) tourist attractions.
68．(get) ready for display, a team of 50 people has been working at each site. “Lightopia is a world class event, and that’s why they want us there,” Lightopia’s co-creator He Ying said. “We’re going to build69．I’m sure is the largest lantern and lights festival outside China this year.”
Light displays seem to be becoming increasingly popular in the UK, but He Ying welcomes the70．(compete). “There’s a long history behind Chinese lanterns, so we marry that to the Western Christmas. Christmas and winter need light and joy.”
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线（ ）, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2 .只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Many young boys and girls had the habit of smoking, though they are middle school students. As we all know, smoking does harm of human beings. More and more people have realized that how serious this problem is. But they are never boring with it. Some people think smoking is a kind of fashion, and other think smoking can refresh himself. In fact, smoking causes many illness. The most serious illness causing by smoking is lung cancer. Meanwhile, smoking is waste of money. What's worse, careless smokers may cause danger fires.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的家乡去年突然发生大洪水，给当地居民生活、生产造成巨大损失。一年多来灾区重建成效显著。请你写一篇短文给China Daily介绍情况。
要点如下：
1. 灾后一年的变化(基础设施建设、人民的精神面貌等)；
2. 发生变化的原因；
3. 你的感想。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passage1
【答案】
第一部分：听力
1—5 ABABC 6—10CAACC 11—15ABABC 16—20 ACCBA
听力原文
1．A
【原文】
W: Tom, I think I need a new dress to wear to Sarah’s party.
M: When will the party be held? Your friend Cathy will also go with you?
W: Yeah. Many of my classmates will attend that party next Saturday.
2．B
【原文】
M: I’m looking forward to your performance tonight. It starts at 8 o’clock, doesn’t it?
W: Actually, it starts one hour early.
M: Well, then I’ll leave home at 6 o’clock.
3．A
【原文】
W: Excuse me. I’m wondering if my car will get ready this evening.
M: I’m afraid not. There are still some parts to be changed. Tomorrow afternoon is fine.
4．B
【原文】
M: Mrs. Green, the ice cream tastes good. Would you like some, please?
W: No, thanks, John. You know I am keeping an eye on my weight under Linda’s advice.
5．C
【原文】
W: What’s your favourite band, Peter?
M: I’m a big fan of One Direction. I have attended all their concerts.
W: What kind of music do they play, country music or rock music?
M: Neither. They play pop music.
6．C7．A
【原文】
W: Hello, Richard. I wasn’t at school today because I was sick. Can you tell me what our Biology homework is?
M: Yes, Sally. In class, we talked about animals that live in water. For homework, we have to read a book about them. The book’s called Rivers.
W: Who’s the author?
M: Let me see ... it was written by Martin Cooper. Actually, I saw a copy in the school library the other day. Maybe you can borrow it from the library.
W: That’s great!
M: It’s on the third shelf in the Biology section. We have to read Chapter Seven.
W: OK. What’s it about?
M: Fish. It’s quite interesting.
W: I’ll go to the library tomorrow. Thanks, Richard.
8．A9．C
【原文】
W: Good morning. How may I help you?
M: Well, I need to send these books to New York. Will they get there in three days?
W: Only if you send it by special delivery. It will be 10 dollars.
M: Well, a bit expensive, but I’d like to do that.
W: All right. Anything else?
M: Yes. Give me a book of first class stamps and three envelops, please.
W: Fine, they are two dollars and thirty cents, please.
10．C11．A12．B
【原文】
W: Have you got everything that you need for the meeting? You don't want a repeat of what happened last time when you went off without your notebook computer. Have you got your passport and your credit cards?
M: Yes, yes, please stop now. I will probably arrive late in the afternoon but then we will be straight into a meeting so I won't be able to get in touch till last thing. So, don't worry if you don't hear from me till late.
W: I don't mind how late it is, dear, as long as you phone. Don't play with all your friends too late and forget. By the way, will you see Matt, your classmate in university?
M: Yes. The next day after the meeting, he will show me around the city.
13．A14．B15．C16．A
【原文】
M: Hi, Mary! Where are you heading?
W: Hello, Philip. I’m on my way home from work. I work part-time at a supermarket.
M: What do you do there?
W: I work in the produce section. Packing fresh fruit and vegetables. I also put goods on shelves. What about you, Philip?
M: I do yard work for people. For example, cutting grass, pulling weeds, things like that.
W: It must be nice to work outdoors.
M: Sometimes it is, except when it rains or snows or...
W: Oh. I guess every job has its shortcomings. But a job’s a job. I’ve got to earn money for school.
M: Me, too. Education fee is high, isn’t it? Well, I’d better get going. I’ve got to plant some trees for my neighbors this afternoon.
W: Well. Don’t work too hard.
M: You, too. It was great seeing you, Mary.
17．C18．C19．B20．A
【原文】
You probably haven’t experienced an earthquake, but I have. It was about ten years ago. I was ten years old then. It was around noon when the earthquake came. Since it was a Saturday, I didn’t need to go to school. I had just finished my homework and was watching TV with my dad while my mother was cooking lunch. Suddenly , the table and chairs started shaking. We didn’t know it was an earthquake and continued watching TV. But about two minutes later it started to shake harder and we realized it was an earthquake. Dad and I hid under the table while Mom went to hide under a bed. The photos were falling down from the walls. When the earthquake finally stopped , my parents asked me to run with them to the playground at our school. When we got there , most of our neighbors had been there. We feared the building would fall , so we just stayed on the playground far away from buildings and cars and spent the night there. We experienced several aftershocks during that night. Luckily , no one died in that earthquake and only a few people got injured.
第二部分：阅读理解
第一节
21．D22．A23．C
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些大学宿舍的规定。
21．细节理解题。根据“Approved and Prohibited (禁止) Items”部分关键句“The following items are approved for use in residential rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players.”（下列物品获准用于住宿房间：电热毯、吹风机、个人电脑、收音机、电视和DVD播放机。）可知，学生房间允许使用的有电热毯、吹风机、个人电脑、收音机、电视和DVD播放机，再结合选项可知，D项“TVs and electric blankets”（电视机和电热毯）包含在允许使用的物品范畴里。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据“Cooking Policy”部分关键句“With the exception of using a small microwave oven to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.”（除了使用小型微波炉加热食物外，学生不允许在房间里做饭。）可知，学生可以使用小型微波炉加热食物，由此可知，烹饪政策规定学生可以使用微波炉。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。根据“Pet Policy”部分关键句“If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.”（如果在发出书面通知之日起一周内，未将宠物移走，学生将被转交给学生法庭。）可知，如果在收到书面通知之日起一周内未将宠物移走，学生就会被转交给学生法庭，由此可知，如果一名学生在收到警告后一周内一直在房间里养猫，他将面临学生法庭。故选C项。

24．D25．A26．C27．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，过量的运动对身体健康不利，适量的慢跑才是对身体最好的。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The connection was this: Joggers of mild and moderate intensity had a lower risk of death than the fast joggers.”（其中的联系是这样的:轻度和中度慢跑者的死亡风险比快速慢跑者低。）可知，这项研究旨在发现运动量与健康的关系，故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The fast-paced joggers had about the same mortality rate as sedentary (久坐的) people. ”（快跑者和久坐不动的人有相同的死亡率。）可知，面临最高的死亡风险的是快节奏的慢跑者，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“"Anything more is not just unnecessary: it may be harmful."”（“更多的东西不仅是不必要的，还可能有害。”）可知，Peter Schnohr认为超量的东西也一样是有害的，故选C。
27．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“The World Health Organization has suggested that the current 150 minutes/week recommendations are strenuous for most people to tackle, and that expectations should be lowered, since, after all, anything is better than nothing.”（世界卫生组织曾表示，目前每周150分钟的建议对大多数人来说都很难实现，所以应该降低期望值，毕竟，有总比没有好。）可知，划线词应该是“费力的，很难实现的”的意思，故选A。

28．A29．B30．D31．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一座3D打印钢桥的问世。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中心句“The 12-metre-long MX3D Bridge was built by four commercially available industrial robots and took six months to print.(这座12米长的MX3D桥是由4个商用工业机器人建造的，耗时6个月才打印出来)”可知，第二段主要介绍的是这座桥的建造。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“More than a dozen sensors attached to the bridge after the printing was completed will monitor pressure, movement, shakiness and temperature across the structure as people pass over it and the weather changes.(打印完成后，桥上安装了十多个传感器，当人们从桥上经过时，传感器将监测桥上的压力、运动、抖动和温度，以及天气变化)”可知，传感器将用于收集有关桥梁的相关数据。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“that investigations into bridge failures often display deterioration (退化) that was missed.Constant data feedback may have been able to prevent these failures by providing an early warning, he says.(对桥梁失效的调查经常显示出被忽视的情况恶化。他说，通过提供早期预警，持续的数据反馈可能已经能够防止这些故障)”可知，马克·吉罗拉米对这座大桥持支持态度。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“The first ever 3D-printed steel bridge has opened in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.(世界上第一座3D打印钢桥在荷兰阿姆斯特丹开放)”和下文对这座桥的具体介绍可知，文章主要介绍了世界上第一座3D打印钢桥。故选C。

32．A33．C34．D35．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了移情与同情及其区别。
32．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“ Empathy requires the ability to recognize the suffering of another person from their point of view and to openly share their emotions, including painful distress. ”（同理心需要有能力从他人的角度认识他人的痛苦，并公开分享他们的情绪，包括痛苦的困扰。）可知同理心即“walk a mile in others’ shoes”指的是设身处地为他人着想。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In general, sympathy implies a deeper, more personal, level of concern than pity, a simple expression of sorrow. ”(一般来说，同情意味着一种比怜悯更深刻、更个人化的关心，一种简单的悲伤表达)可知同情的程度是高于怜悯的。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“however, most people tend to feel deeper empathy for people similar to themselves compared to people outside their family, community, race, or cultural background.”（然而，与家庭、社区、种族或文化背景以外的人相比，大多数人倾向于对与自己相似的人产生更深的同理心。）可知人们更有可能对那些和自己有共同之处的人表示同情。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Is that “empathy”（移情） or “sympathy” you’re showing? While the two words are often incorrectly used interchangeably, the difference in their emotional impact is important.”（你是在表示同情还是移情?虽然这两个词经常被错误地互换使用，但它们在情感上的不同影响是重要的。）后文对两者的区别进行了具体的介绍。可知文章主要讲的是移情与同情。故选C。

36．A37．D38．B39．G40．E
【分析】本文是说明文。研究表明音乐会影响我们的饮食。因此，饭店在思考优化他们的产品和服务时要考虑到这个事实。
36．根据上文“Music influences your emotions. In turn, your emotions influence your behavior. One of these is your food intake.”（音乐影响你的情绪。 反过来，你的情绪会影响你的行为。 其中之一是您的食物摄入量）可知，音乐会影响我们的食物摄入量。根据下文“What does science say about this subject? ”（科学对这个主题有什么看法？）以及下文研究的内容可知，该空提出“音乐会影响我们的饮食吗？”故选A。
37．根据上文“For the study, they used four types of music: jazz, classical, rock, and hip-hop. Their results showed that people had more appetite when they listened to jazz music while they ate. ”（在这项研究中，他们使用了四种类型的音乐：爵士、古典、摇滚和嘻哈。 他们的结果表明，人们在吃饭时听爵士乐的胃口更大）可知，此空为和jazz, classical, rock, and hip-hop有关的研究的其中一个结果。故选D。
38．下文“A more stimuli-filled environment makes you eat more. In fact, they tend to spur you on to eat and even “encourage” you to eat faster.”（一个更充满刺激的环境会让你吃得更多。 事实上，它们往往会刺激你吃东西，甚至“鼓励”你吃得更快）是对上文“ it isn’t only increased appetite that causes people to eat more.”（不仅仅是食欲增加导致人们吃得更多）以及空格处的补充说明。选项B中的also对应上文的isn’t only；in a rush对应下文的spur you on to eat; eat faster。故选B。
39．根据上文“On the other hand, the study claims that music at high volume increases stimulation and stress.”（另一方面，该研究声称高音量的音乐会增加刺激和压力）可知此部分和上文“with low-volume music, you eat better because you make healthier choices.”（使用低音量的音乐，您吃得更好，因为您做出了更健康的选择）为转折关系。选项G中unhealthy options对应上文的healthy choices。故选G。
40．根据上文“For this reason, restaurants should consider the fact when thinking about the optimization of their products and services.”（因此，餐厅在考虑优化其产品和服务时应考虑到这一事实）可知此段的关键词为restaurants，下文“They equip themselves with the technology needed to provide memorable experiences through music, greatly strengthening their relationship with the customer.”（他们为自己配备了通过音乐提供难忘体验所需的技术，大大加强了他们与客户的关系）说的也同样是餐馆，They指代的就是上文restaurants相关的方面。横线句起承上启下的作用，选项E中 catering establishments对应restaurants。故选E。

41．B42．A43．D44．A45．B46．D47．A48．C49．B50．D
51．C52．A53．D54．C55．B56．C57．D58．B59．C60．A
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的一部主题为与众不同的书，阐述了我们的差异能够塑造我们，应对挑战可以帮助我们创造美好和鼓舞人心事物的道理。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这本书的灵感来自《纽约时报》作家John Schwartz，他曾说过，尽早被迫面对逆境对一个人如何度过一生非常有用。A. addicted上瘾；B. forced强迫；C. applied应用；D. exposed暴露。根据后文“to adversity (逆境) as early as possible”和常识可知，人是被迫面对逆境。故选B项。
42．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这本书的灵感来自《纽约时报》作家John Schwartz，他曾说过，尽早被迫面对逆境对一个人如何度过一生非常有用。A. goes through穿过，经历，仔细检查；B. goes off离开，突然响起，熄灭；C. goes around流传；D. goes by走过，流逝，过去。根据后文“his life”可知，此处指“如何度过一生”。故选A项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他建议人们通过尽早应对压力，逐渐变得更健康，并“接种”了应对压力的疫苗，就像接种疫苗帮助你的身体在细菌对身体造成严重伤害之前学会抵抗细菌一样。A. weaker更虚弱的；B. wiser更明智的；C. lazier更懒惰的；D. healthier更健康的。根据后文““inoculated” (注射过预防针的) against stress by having to deal with it early on, just as a vaccination helps your body learn to ___4___ germs before they can do your body ___5___ harm.”可知，人们“接种”了应对压力的疫苗，就像接种疫苗帮助你的身体在细菌对身体造成严重伤害之前学会抵抗细菌一样，你会逐渐变得更健康，此处指通过应对压力使自己变得更健康。故选D项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他建议人们通过尽早应对压力，逐渐变得更健康，并“接种”了应对压力的疫苗，就像接种疫苗帮助你的身体在病菌对身体造成严重伤害之前学会抵抗病菌一样。A. resist抵制；B. gain获得；C. deliver传送，交付；D. create创造。根据语境及后文“germs”可知，疫苗帮助身体抵抗病菌。故选A项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他建议人们通过尽早应对压力，逐渐变得更健康，并“接种”了应对压力的疫苗，就像接种疫苗帮助你的身体在病菌对身体造成严重伤害之前学会抵抗病菌一样。A. obvious明显的；B. serious严重的；C. slight轻微的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据语境以及后文“harm”可知，此处指在对身体造成严重伤害之前抵抗病菌。故选B项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：试炼成长，我们可以把它比喻为一种内部有一粒沙子的牡蛎。A. contributed贡献；B. turned转动；C. transferred转移；D. compared比较。根据后文“an oyster (牡蛎) that has a grain of sand inside”可知，此处指把人的试炼成长比喻为内部有沙子（暗指困境）的牡蛎，be compared to意为“被比喻成”。故选D项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为对这种入侵者的回应，牡蛎充分利用了它的试炼，最终产出了一颗美丽的珍珠。A. response回答，反应；B. respect尊重；C. regard看待；D. relation关系。根据后文“the oyster makes the most of its trial and produces a beautiful pearl in the end”可知，这是牡蛎对入侵者的回应。故选A项。
48．考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这种令人不舒服的沙粒带来的挑战或挫折，牡蛎将永远不会成为珍珠。A. At在；B. By依靠；C. Without没有；D. On在……上面。基于前文的分析可知，由于牡蛎身体内侵入了沙子，才使牡蛎内部产生了珍珠，所以，没有这粒沙子，牡蛎就不会变成珍珠。故选C项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这种令人不舒服的沙粒带来的挑战或挫折，牡蛎将永远不会成为珍珠。A. shell贝壳；B. sand沙子；C. scar疤痕；D. salt盐。根据前文“an oyster (牡蛎) that has a grain of sand inside”可知，此处指入侵牡蛎体内的沙子。故选B项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起了我过去的许多事例，当时我所有的朋友都在没有我的情况下打篮球，这让我感到完全被忽视了。A. select选择；B. describe描述；C. celebrate庆祝；D. recall回忆起。根据后文“many instances from my past”可知，这里指作者回忆起过去的许多事例。故选D项。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起了我过去的许多事例，当时我所有的朋友都在没有我的情况下打篮球，这让我感到完全被忽视了。A. teachers老师；B. parents父母；C. friends朋友；D. brothers兄弟。根据后文“while my friends played basketball games one after another”可知，此处指作者的朋友。故选C项。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起了我过去的许多事例，当时我所有的朋友都在没有我的情况下打篮球，这让我感到完全被忽视了。A. completely完全地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. reasonably合理地；D. regularly有规律地。根据语境及前文“were playing basketball without me”可知，朋友们都在打篮球，只有作者不打篮球，作者完全被朋友忽视了。故选A项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在那漫长的试炼期间，当我的朋友们一个接一个地打篮球的时候，我正在努力提高自己。A. construction建筑；B. thought思想；C. consideration考虑；D. trial (对能力、质量、性能等的) 试验，试用。基于前文的分析可知，作者被朋友忽视，这段时间作者是孤独的，不快乐的，困难的，所以这里指那段时间是对作者的一种试炼，呼应前文的“Growing because of trials”。故选D项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在那漫长的考验期间，当我的朋友们一个接一个地打篮球的时候，我正在努力提高自己。A. encouraging鼓励；B. correcting纠正；C. improving提高；D. understanding理解。根据后文“I was practicing the piano, reading self-development books, ____15____on excelling in school, etc.”可知，此处指作者在被忽视的孤独的情况下，提高自己。故选C项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在练习钢琴，阅读自我发展的书籍，专注于在学校取得优异成绩，等等。A. depending依靠；B. focusing聚焦；C. calling呼叫；D. turning转动。根据语境和后文“on excelling in school”可知，作者专注于在学校表现卓越，focus on (专注于)。故选B项。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是非常有影响的日子，我相信如果我没有忍受来自不同的艰辛，我就不会成为今天的我。A. meaningless毫无意义的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. influential有影响力的；D. carefree无忧无虑的。基于前文分析可知，作者被朋友忽视，陷入孤独，根据后文“I wouldn’t be who I am today if l hadn’t endured the ____17____ that came from being different”可知，此处指这段被忽视、感到孤独时间对作者非常有影响力，造就了现在的作者。故选C项。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是非常有影响的日子，我相信如果我没有忍受来自不同的艰辛，我就不会成为今天的我。A. hobbies爱好；B. chances机会；C. decisions决定；D. hardships困难。基于前文分析可知，作者因不打篮球，和其他朋友不一样，作者被朋友忽视，陷入孤独，所以作者认为那段时间是困难的。故选D项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在新书中提到的，我们的差异确实塑造了我们，而我们应对的挑战可以帮助我们创造美好和鼓舞人心的事物。A. remind提醒；B. shape塑造；C. embarrass使窘迫；D. weaken削弱。基于前文的分析可知，一粒沙子侵入了牡蛎，牡蛎内部产生了珍珠，这个差异塑造了珍珠，作者因不打篮球被朋友忽视而造就了现在的作者，此处指我们的差异也塑造了我们。故选B项。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如我在新书中提到的，我们的差异确实塑造了我们，而我们应对的挑战可以帮助我们创造美好和鼓舞人心的事物。A. shocking令人震惊的；B. frightening令人恐惧的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. disappointing令人失望的。基于前文的分析可知，差异塑造了我们，困难成就了我们。根据前文“beautiful”可知，应对挑战帮助我们创造美好和鼓舞人心的事物。故选C项。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与我交谈过的许多人都支持这一原则，他们解释了为什么他们能从更大的挑战中获得更大的成长。A. growth成长；B. happiness幸福；C. gladness高兴；D. depression沮丧，抑郁（症）。基于前文的分析可知，一粒沙子侵入了牡蛎，牡蛎变成珍珠，这个差异塑造了珍珠，困难成就了我们。根据前文“Growing because of trials can be ___6___ to an oyster (牡蛎) that has a grain of sand inside.”可知，一粒沙子侵入了牡蛎，牡蛎内部产生了珍珠，人们可以从更大的挑战中获得更大的成长。故选A项。

61．being62．destroyed63．has been kept64．and65．itself
66．a67．biggest68．To get69．what70．competition
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了中国的灯节将在伦敦越来越受欢迎，将成为伦敦另一个出名的地标。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：在圣诞节和新年期间，Lightopia将点亮伦敦的水晶宫公园，展览的核心部分是对为首届世界博览会而建、但在1936年被大火烧毁的著名建筑的再现。分析句子可知，此处为with复合结构，空处应用非谓语动词作宾补，the center-piece of the play与be是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填being。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：在圣诞节和新年期间，Lightopia将点亮伦敦的水晶宫公园，展览的核心部分是对为首届世界博览会而建、但在1936年被大火烧毁的著名建筑的再现。分析句子可知，此处和上文built是并列结构，故应用非谓语动词作后置定语，the center-piece of the play与destroy是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填destroyed。
63．考查动词时态和语态。句意：它的记忆一直保留在过去几十年的名称区域和当地的足球队以及具有特色的徽章。分析句子可知，此空是句子谓语，over the last decades是现在完成时的标志词，主语its memory与keep是被动关系，故此处应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，故填has been kept。
64．考查连词。句意：它的记忆一直保留在过去几十年的名称区域和当地的足球队以及具有特色的徽章。分析句子可知，此空和the area是并列关系，用and引导。故填and。
65．考查反身代词。句意：通过这次展览，水晶宫正在重建和恢复昔日的辉煌。分析句子可知，此空是recreating的宾语，与主语the Crystal Palace一致，应用反身代词，故填itself。
66．考查冠词。句意：除了在离开一年后第二次返回首都外，曼彻斯特的希顿公园（英国最大的旅游景点之一）将连续第三年举办另一场Lightopia展览。分析句子可知，此处指“在一年之后的缺席”，该空需要填不定冠词，表示泛指，one以辅音音素开头，故填a。
67．考查形容词最高级。句意：除了在离开一年后第二次返回首都外，曼彻斯特的希顿公园（英国最大的旅游景点之一）将连续第三年举办另一场Lightopia展览。one of+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”，故此空用big的最高级形式，故填biggest。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了展览做准备，一个由50人组成的团队一直在每个地点工作。分析句子可知，a team of 50 people是句子主语，has been working是谓语，空格处是不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”，故填To get。
69．考查宾语从句。句意：我确信，我们今年要做的是中国以外最大的灯节。分析句子可知，build是及物动词，后接宾语，该空是宾语从句的引导词，I’m sure是插入语，从句中缺少主语，且指事物，应用连接代词what。故填what。
70．考查名词。句意：灯展在英国似乎越来越受欢迎，但何英表示欢迎竞争。分析句子可知，此处是welcome的宾语，应用名词形式competition表示“竞争” ，故填competition。
71．1.had→have 2.of→to 3.去掉that 4.boring→bored 5.other→others
6. himself→themselves 7.illness→illnesses 8.causing→caused 9.waste 前加a10.danger→dangerous
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文中作者指出如今许多中学生抽烟的问题，不同的人对吸烟有不同的看法，但是实际上吸烟会导致许多疾病，吸烟浪费金钱，甚至还可能导致火灾。
【详解】
第一处：考查动词时态。句意：许多年轻的男孩和女孩有吸烟的习惯，尽管他们是中学生。根据后文they are middle school students可知此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为Many young boys and girls，故谓语动词应用原形。故将had改为have。
第二处：考查介词。句意：众所周知，吸烟对人类有害。结合句意表示“对……有害”短语为do harm to。故将of改为to。
第三处：考查名词性从句。句意：越来越多的人已经意识到这个问题的严重性。此处realize后跟how引导的感叹句how serious this problem is，中间不再需要连接词。故去掉that。
第四处：考查形容词。句意：但他们从不厌倦。此处修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词bored，boring用于修饰物，表示“令人厌烦的”。故将boring改为bored。
第五处：考查固定用法。句意：一些人认为吸烟是一种时尚，而另一些人认为吸烟可以提神。some…others一些……另一些，该用法是固定用法。故将other改成 others。
第六处：考查代词。句意：一些人认为吸烟是一种时尚，而另一些人认为吸烟可以给他们提神。此处指代others“另一些人”，应用themselves。故将himself改为themselves。
第七处：考查名词的数。句意：事实上，吸烟会导致许多疾病。illness为可数名词，由many修饰，应用复数。故将illness改为illnesses。
第八处：考查非谓语动词。句意：吸烟引起的最严重的疾病是肺癌。分析句子结构可知cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语illness构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故将causing改为caused。
第九处：考查冠词。句意：同时，吸烟很浪费钱。a waste of浪费。故在waste 前加a。
第还处：考查形容词。句意：更糟的是，粗心的吸烟者可能引起危险的火灾。修饰后文名词fires，应用形容词dangerous，作定语。故将danger改为dangerous。
72．Sample writing:
Last year a frightening flood struck my hometown, leaving a number of houses in flood.
Thanks to the help of the whole society, it is now taking a new look. A number of new buildings have been built, which include the new schools and the hospitals. Everywhere I go, I can see the residents living a happy life. It's really amazing that the once-flooded town has been turned into a beautiful place, full of life.
It is love and concern from the whole society that have brought about the great changes. Therefore, we can work wonders if we unite as a family, helping those who are in need.
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给China Daily写一篇短文，介绍去年你的家乡突然发生大洪水，给当地居民生活、生产造成巨大损失之后，一年多来灾区重建成效显著情况。要点如下：灾后一年的变化(基础设施建设、人民的精神面貌等)；发生变化的原因；你的感想。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
侵袭：strike→hit
由于：thanks to→due to
许多：a number of→a lot of
关系：concern→care
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thanks to the help of the whole society, it is now taking a new look.
拓展句：Thanks to the help of the whole society, it is now taking a new look, which is really amazing.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Last year a frightening flood struck my hometown, leaving a number of houses in flood. (运用了非谓语动词作状语)
[高分句型2] A number of new buildings have been built, which include the new schools and the hospitals. (运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句)
[高分句型3] It is love and concern from the whole society that have brought about the great changes. (运用了强调句)