07 非谓语动词-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用)

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备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用）07 非谓语动词【知识框架】非谓语动词非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语V-ing形式现在分词 △ △△△动名词△△△ △ 不定式（to do）△△△△△△过去分词(done) △ △△△注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分generally speaking一般说来；frankly speaking坦白地说；judging from/by...根据……来判断；considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……；to tell you the truth说实话；seeing...考虑到……；supposing假设，如果；providing如果；given考虑到，鉴于；provided that如果非谓语动词的形式变化非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sb’s doing作主语要用sb’s doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：  sb’s not doingsb’s not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同 在前加not在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。一、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend,          up in no time.A. to stand         B. standing        C. stood           D. would stand分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。非谓语语法功能的比较 做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事           stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意思是，意味着）can’t help （to） do（不能帮忙做）can’t help doing（忍不住要做）be considered to have done被认为已经做了consider…to be认为是consider doing考虑做某事非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别分  类常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例  句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主谓关系，强调动作将发生或已经完成 I asked to be sent to the countryside.I heard him call me several times.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.过去分词动宾关系，动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别分  类区  别例  句不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.(介词at不能丢)动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的主谓关系Shall we go to the swimming pool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生the boiling water / the boiled waterthe developing country/the developed countrythe falling leaves/the fallen leaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成或只表示状态注意：the bridge to be built 将建造的桥,  the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥【能力提升】1Ms. Mary was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like half her age. She loved driving very fast, and boasted of the fact 1. she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished2. a driving mistake.Then one day, she nearly lost her record. A police car followed her, and the policemen in it saw her pass a red light without 3. （stop).When Ms. Mary came before the judge, he looked at her severely and said that she was too old to drive a car, and that the reason 4. she had not stopped at red light was most probably that her eyes had become weak 5. old age, so that she had simply not seen it.When the judge had finished 6. he was saying, Ms. Mary opened the big handbag she was carrying and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she 7. choose) a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at the first time.When she had 8. （success) done this, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed both the needle and thread to the judge, saying, “Now it is your turn. I suppose you can drive a car well, and you have no doubts 9. your eyesight.”The judge took the needle and tried to thread it. After half a dozen times, he had still not succeeded. The case against Ms. Mary 10. (dismiss解雇), and her record remained unbroken.2阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)There was a young flower in the desert11. all was dry and sad looking... It was growing by itself,12. (enjoy) every day and saying to the sun, "13. shall I be grown up?" And the sun would say "Be14. (patience) ! Each time I touch you, you grow a little." She was so pleased,15. she would have a chance to bring beauty to this corner of sand. And this is all she wanted to do - bring a little bit of beauty to this world.16. one day the hunter came by and stepped on her. She was going to die and she felt so sad, not because she was17. (die), but because she would18. (ever) have a chance to bring a little bit of beauty to this corner of the desert.The great spirit saw her, and was listening. - Indeed, he said... She should be living... So he reached down and touched her -- and gave her19. second life.Finally she grew up to be a beautiful flower. And this corner of the desert also became so beautiful because20. the little flower. 3I was born in London, bill I grew up in Taunton, which is a small town with not much to do，so I had to invent a lot of garner. This is probably21. I was good at making things. As a child. I always enjoyed22. (design) objects.At the age of 16,1 decided to leave school to work for a design company.23. (main) doing routine work in the office. During this time I learnt a lot24. my manager. She was quite inspiring and taught me how25. (solve) problems by looking at things in a different way.In 2006. I26. (feel) I needed a new challenge so I decided to take a film-making course. My27. (apply) was successful and I spent a(n)28. (enjoy) month learning film-making. It was at this time that I realized the most suitable job for29. was designing advertisements and commercial films. I made up my mind to develop different30. (skill) so that I would be able to work in this field in the future.4阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。I was nine years old when I learnt to ride a bike. The bike was a birthday present from my uncle. You can imagine how _31. (excite) I was when I saw the bike, and I begged my uncle to teach me how ____32. ____ (ride) it right away. However, before I got on the bike, I felt _____33. ____ (extreme) nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off and hurt _____34. ____ (me). My uncle held onto the seat and helped me to get ____35. ___ the bike. While I was riding, he was running along beside me, holding the seat so I would not fall over. I was so _____36. ____ (grate) to him for his help. As I was practicing, I became more and more confident. Then, I heard my uncle shouting, “You are riding it by yourself now!” I was both excited and scared. I was really riding by myself, but _____37. ____ if I fell off? As I was wondering about this, my uncle ran after me and got hold of the bike. I ____38. ___ (slow) down and came to a stop. My heart was still beating fast when I got off the bike. ____39. ____ (late) that day, I felt like I was walking on air! I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride ____40. ____ bike on my ninth birthday.5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。In our daily life, we often meet with difficulties. Some people do nothing but wait, while others try hard to conquer41. . Personally, we should face with difficulties positively and make every effort to overcome them.My memory drew me back to five years ago when I was 42.  middle school student. At that time, I had great trouble studying English. First of all, I felt it hard to memorize English 43. (word). Besides I didn’t dare to say anything in class when 44.  (ask) questions. What annoyed me most was that I failed exams 45. (constant). I was about to give up 46.  my English teacher found my problems. He encouraged me and gave me some good advice. So 47.  (inspire) by him, I decided to settle my problems.48. (follow) his advice, I made progress gradually. I owe my achievement 49.  the teacher whose encouragement was of great 50. .(important). 6阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, 51.  more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into 52.  popular pastime.This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea 53.  (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon!   Afternoon tea, 54.  (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s.  It went on to become a 55.  (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its 56.  (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. 57.  it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of café. But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place 58.  (enjoy) a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid 59.  (ask) to leave.Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”. I’m sure once you try it, you 60. (agree). 7Luoyang is one of the cities in China 61.  artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple 62.  （build）in the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous 63.  （invent）including papermaking, printing and the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and 64.  （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies 65.  important strategic（战略的）location.As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid historical and 66.  （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is 67.  （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known 68.  the“City of Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang 69.  （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourist place that 70.  （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past. 8The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way to test 71.  his men were reliable.One day, he had a huge rock 72.  (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid 73.  (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock. Some 74.  (wealth) businessmen and high officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the king for not keeping the roads clear, but none of them would bother 75.  (get) the big stone out of the way.Then a villager came along carrying a load of vegetables. On 76.  (approach) the big rock, he stopped and laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing, he 77.  (final) succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the road where the rock 78.  (be). The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the gold was for the person 79.  removed the huge rock from the road.The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents 80.  opportunity to improve one’s condition.9Anvitha Vijay, who is only nine years old, has built two educational apps. One is Smartkins Animals, which helps many81. (child) identify more than 100 animals and 82. other Rainbow Colors, which teaches kids colors.With the help of YouTube videos, the young girl from Melbourne, Australia, learned to code (编程)at age 7 all by83. (she). Soon, she was trying her hand at making apps. “When I first got my iPad, I 84.  (attract)immediately by all the apps on it,” she told TFK. “It wasn’t long 85. I wanted to create my own.”Anvitha’s skills won her scholarship to attend a big tech conference hosted by Apple in San Francisco, California. There, she got tips from the professionals and went to workshops 86. she learned about the latest software for app building. all that training led to an idea for a third app. This one,87. (call) GoalsHi, inspires kids to practice good habits.Anvitha’s goal is to continue crating technology that helps kids learn while88. (have)fun. But what’s even more 89. (importance) to her is that the world sees the power of technology in kids’ hands. “The more training we get in tech at an early age,” she says, “the90. (good)chance we will have of becoming innovation champions who will one day change the world.” 10阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China is home to different kinds of soybeans. In 2011, the soybean output of China dropped 91. the fourth place around the globe, 92.  （account）for only 5.55% of the world’s total. China now relies93. (much) on import to meet a domestic(国内的) need for the plant than ever.Actually, Gai Juyi is one of the millions of diligent Chinese people94. (work) hard to change the situation. For over two 95. (decade), Gai and his team went into various fields across the country just to collect seed from the farmers. “None of the seeds is the same.” he said. Seed collection is already no easy job. And they even 96. (have) to delay the process from time to time because of a lack of funding, many of Gai’s students left97.  industry for the small financial payback. 98. , Gai has remained in his post and spared no efforts in looking after the precious seeds.The hard work of Gai and his team99. (final) paid off. Thanks to them, China’s soybean harvest doubled over the years. The old man said, “I know 100. my persistence means when I see self-produced tofu and soybean milk on Chinese people’s table.”