05 动词和短语动词-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用)

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备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用）
05 动词和动词短语
【知识框架】
知识网络
动词的分类
行为动词（实义动词）
①及物动词（带宾语）：study, develop;
②不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come
③状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong
④动作动词：延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）
连系动词（汉语中没有这种词类）
助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）
be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
情态动词
can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)
短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点

动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。（及物）
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.
晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。（不及物）
注意：
①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开
She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间
She gave them away.她送掉了它们。
③同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异
ring back回电话 ring off挂断电话 ring up打电话
put away放好 put on穿，上演 put up挂起，举起。
④不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上有很大的差异
break out发生，爆炸 carry out进行，开展 go out熄灭
hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心
sell out卖完 set out出发, take out取出
work out算出
动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上有很大的差异。
look after照料，look at看，look for寻找
动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
考点聚焦及解题点拨
(单个动词)同义词近义词辨析
从三个方面考虑：词的恰切含义、搭配（与介词、名词或非谓语动词的搭配）和用法（是及物动词还是不及物动词）
系动词的用法
状态系动词be
持续系动词keep,remain,stay,continue,lie,stand,rest
表象系动词seem,appear
感官/感觉系动词look,smell,taste,sound,feel
变化系动词become,grow,get,turn,fall,go,come
终止系动词prove,turn out
解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。特别关注：go hungry,come true,turn writer
接双宾语的动词
give sb. sth=give sth.to sb buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb
但是我们只能说：suggest sth. to sb. explain sth.to sb. read sth. to sb.
短语动词的辨析
熟记常考的短语动词的意义
容易被我们忽视的知识点
sell, write, wash, wear等词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义
happen, occur,take place, break out, come out, belong to等无被动形式
【能力提升】
1. Peter had ________ a promising career in law to become a teacher.
A. given in B. given away C. given off D. given up
2. What I really admire is the way she has ________ that good health not only makes us more beautiful, but happier, too!
A. enlarged B. misjudged C. pretended D. acknowledged
3. — My parents are ________ me. I don’t like the rules they make for me.
— They just want to help you become a better person.
A. bored with B. friendly to C. strict with
4. We are supposed to ________ smartphones and take more exercise instead.
A. give out B. put away C. take up
5. I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A. made up for B. run out of
C. kept away from D. got down to
6. Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years.
A. stayed B. turned C. grown D. got
7. Don’t ________too late. It’s bad for your health.
A. wake up B. stay up C. show up D. turn up
8. She thinks only of herself ;she doesn't________other people.
A. care for B. care about C. care of D. care in
9. Be careful not to________any letter when you spell the word.
A. leave off B. leave out C. pick out D. take off
10. The thief was ________ of stealing goods in the market in the court.
A. informed B. ahead C. accused D. suspected
11. He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll ______ those things.
A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on
12. She wants to ________ the traditional ideas of what theatre is about.
A. get over B. get away from C. get through D. get down to
13. It was in the year 1897 that Zhejiang University was________.
A. cheered up B. set up C. fixed up D. cleaned up
14. The writer was inspired by the incident that happened on the train during his journey to Europe and decided to________ it in his recent novel.
A. contain B. include C. conclude D. indicate
15. --- Will you lend me some money?
--- Sorry, mine _______.
A. were used up B. has run out C. have run out D. has run out of
16. The manager told the assistants to _______ all the customers’ names and address.
A. set out B. set about C. set up D. set down
17. I am ________ the government as well as to the general public for just treatment ________ peasant-workers，who have made great contributions to the improvement of city life.
A. asking；on behalf of B. applying；in the name of
C. demanding；in the name of D. appealing to；on behalf of
18. She used to be terribly shy，but a year abroad has completely ________ her.
A. transferred B. transformed C. conveyed D. shifted
19. Compared with adults, children ________ the new surroundings better.
A. adopt to B. turn to C. adapt to D. contribute to
20. My dream began to ______ the quality of reality.
A. take back B. take on C. take over D. take up
21. This company can ______ a lot money for the country in a year.
A. bring up B. bring in C. bring down D. bring out
22. He ______ and broke his right leg.
A. took over B. got over C. knocked over D. fell over
23. The story was so moving that I could hardly ______ my tears.
A. hold up B. hold on C. hold on to D. hold back
24. I think things will ______ soon. All signs have shown everything is getting better.
A. pick up B. set up C. put up D. hold up
25. The needle treatment ______ the ancient times has cured many diseases.
A. dated back to B. dated from
C. that dated back to D. that dates from
26. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ______ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish
27. According to the research, popular music is well _________ by most young people.
A. thought about B. thought over C. thought out D. thought of
28. Finally he realized that it was his laziness and rudeness that _________ his marriage.
A. destroyed B. ruined C. damaged D. hurt
29. He knows smoking is bad for health, but he really can’t ________ successfully.
A. give it in B. give it up C. give it out D. give it away
30. It is hoped that the question will _______ at the meeting.
A. come up B. come up with C. be come up D. come out
31. Never has he ________ such pains since his childhood.
A. gone through B. gone against C. gone into D. gone after
32. —Must you play the guitar so loudly?
—I can’t _____ my attention on my work.
A. fill B. pay C. connect D. concentrate
33. Would you please ____ a bit? I wouldn’t like to miss a single minutes of the program.
A. sweep up B. speed up C. take up D. make up
34. Don’t ____ any letter in the word, or it will express a different meaning.
A. leave out B. find out C. give out D. look into
35. You’ll sooner or later _____ if you keep working like that.
A. break up B. break down C. break into D. break out
36. I won’t have a cigarette, thanks——I’m trying to ______ smoking.
A. give in B. give up C. give away D. give off
37. I don’t think that the suggestion is perfect, but it would be worth _____.
A. putting forward B. putting off C. being put forward D. of putting off
38. Don't let yourself be ________ into buying things you don't want.
A. expressed B. organized C. persuaded D. preferred
39. Actually, his new novel ________ more ________ his own experience.
A. is based; on B. was based; at C. based; on D. bases; at
40. Pictures ________ an important part in publishing children’s books.
A. play B. suffer C. base D. view
41. The surface of the table _______ smooth enough.
A. hasn’t felt B. doesn’t feel C. isn’t feeling D. isn’t felt
42. The subject ________ in conversation.
A. came up B. came down C. came out D. came over
43. In hot summer days many people wear sunglasses in the open air to ________their eyes ________the strong sunlight.
A. stop; from B. keep ; from C. protect; from D. prevent; from
44. All the factories ________great importance to the car exhibition and the price was very low, so a lot of cars were sold during exhibition.
A. attached B. afforded C. attracted D. affected
45. The guest does not ________ the argument but watches a volleyball match on TV.
A. join B. attend C. take part D. join in


参考答案
1. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：彼得放弃了前途光明的法律职业而去当教师。A. given in屈服，让步；B. given away赠送，泄露；C. given off发出；D. given up放弃。根据“in law to become a teacher”可知是放弃了法律职业去当教师，故选D。
2. D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：我真正欣赏的是她承认健康不仅能让我们更美丽，还能让我们更快乐的方式! A. enlarged扩大；B. misjudged错判，误判；C. pretended假装；D. acknowledged承认。此处指她承认健康不仅能让我们更美丽，还能让我们更快乐，故选D。
3. C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：——我的父母对我很严厉。我不喜欢他们为我制定的规则。——他们只是想帮助你成为一个更好的人。A.bored with对…厌倦；B.friendly to对…友好；C.strict with对…要求严格。根据“ I don’t like the rules they make for me.”（我不喜欢他们为我制定的规则。）可知，我父母对我很严格，故选C。
4. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们应该把智能手机收起来，多做运动。A. give out分发；B. put away收起来；放好；C. take up开始，从事。根据“and take more exercise instead.”可知，应该把手机收起来多运动。故选B
5. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
6. A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
7. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：不要熬夜太晚。这对你的健康有害。A. wake up醒来；B. stay up熬夜；C. show up出现；D. turn up出现，调高。根据句意和句中“It’s bad for your health”可知，对你健康有害的应该是“熬夜太晚”，“stay up”意为“熬夜”，符合句意。故选B项。
8. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她只想着自己；她不管新别人。A.care for照顾；B.care about在乎；关心；C.care of由…...转交；D.care in无此搭配，根据上文“她只想着自己”可推断，她不关心其他人。故选B。
9. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当你拼写单词时，小心不要遗漏任何字母。A.leave off 停止，中断； B. leave out遗漏； C.pick out 挑选出； D. take off 起飞，脱掉衣服，事业腾飞。根据句意可知，空格处表达：遗漏。故选B。
10. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨新。句意：小偷在法庭上被指控在市场上偷窃货物。A.informed告知；B.ahead在前面地；C.accused控诉；D.suspected怀疑。根据The thief以及in the court可知，小偷在法庭上被指控在市场上偷窃货物。be accused of doing sth“ 被指控做某事”。故选C项。
11. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他问你问题，实际上还记得答案，所以下次你和他一起乘车时，他会检查这些东西。A. act on按照……行动；B. settle on选定；C. check on检查；D. agree on就……取得一致意见。根据句意和句中“remembers”可知，他会记得你的答案，由此可知，下次你和他一起乘车时，他会“检查”这些东西。故选C项。
12. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她想摆脱关于戏剧的传统观念。A. get over克服；B. get away from摆脱；C. get through熬过，通过；D. get down to开始干，着手做。根据“ the traditional ideas of what theatre is about”可知，句中指的是“摆脱”传统观念，“get away from”意为“摆脱”，符合语境。故选B项。
13. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：浙江大学成立于1897年。A. cheered up 高兴起来，使振奋；B. set up建立，成立；C. fixed up 修理，解决；D. cleaned up清除，打扫，整治。分析句子可知，这是一个强调句型，强调时间状语“in the year 1897”；根据句意可知，在1897年，浙江大学被建立，该空应填set up建立，该空用一般过去时的被动语态，set的过去分词为set。故选B项。
14. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者的灵感来自于他去欧洲旅行途中在火车上发生的一件事，并决定把它写进他最近的小说中。A. contain 包含,含有,控制；B. include 包括，算在内，使成为……的一部分；C. conelude推断，做结论，结束；D. indicate 表明，指出，预示，象征。根据句意可知，作者使旅行途中发生在火车上的一件事成为他最近小说的一部分，应填include “使成为……的一部分”。故选B项。
15. B
【解析】考查动词短语和时态。句意：---你能借给我一些钱吗？---对不起，我的已经用完了。A.were used up被用光；B.has run out已经用完；C.have run out已经用完；D.has run out of已经用完......。结合句意可知应该使用现在完成时，排除A；run out表示“用光，”是不及物动词短语；run out of表示“用光”，是及物动词短语，后接宾语，本题空格后无宾语，故排除D。题干中的mine指代上句提到的money，是不可数名词，所以用第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选择B。
16. D
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：经理让助手们把所有顾客的姓名和地址都记下来。A.set out动身，出发；B.set about开始，着手；C.set up建立；D.set down记下，写下。结合句意，可知应该是写下所有顾客的姓名和地址。故选D。
17. D
【解析】考查动词和短语词义辨析。句意：农民工为改善城市生活做出了巨大贡献，我代表他们呼吁政府和公众公正对待他们。A.asking问；on behalf of代表；B.applying应用；in the name of以……的名义；C.demanding要求；in the name of以……的名义；D.appealing to呼吁；on behalf of代表。由the government as well as to the general public for just treatment可知，此处表示“我呼吁政府和公众公正对待他们”，因此第一空为“呼吁”，即appeal to，结合语境和am可知为现在进行时，故空处用现在分词；由peasant-workers可知，我是代表农民工向政府和公众发出呼吁，因此第二空为“代表”，即on behalf of。故选D。
18. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她过去非常腼腆，但在国外呆了一年以后完全变了。A.transferred转移；B.transformed改变；C.conveyed传达；D.shifted变换。根据句意可知，此处指她过去非常腼腆，但在国外呆了一年以后完全变了，因此空格处为“改变”，故选B。
19. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：与成年人相比，孩子对新环境的适应能力更好。A.adopt to（错误短语）；B.turn to向......求助；C.adapt to适应；D.contribute to有助于。根据the new surroundings（新环境）可知，是适应新环境，因此空格处为“适应”，故选C。
20. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的梦想开始变成现实。A. take back收回；B. take on呈现，显出（新面貌或新特点）； C. take over接收；D. take up开始从事。根据前文“My dream”和后文“the quality of reality”可知，此处指“显出新的特性”。故选B项。
21. B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这家公司能在一年之内为国家带（赚）来很多钱。A. bring up提出，养大；B. bring in赚得，引入；C. bring down击倒，使垮台；D. bring out生产，出版。根据后文“a lot money”可知，此处应用“赚得”。故选B项。
22. D
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他摔倒了，摔断了右腿。A. took over接管；B. got over克服；C. knocked over (被车)撞倒；D. fell over摔倒。根据空后“ broke his right leg”可知，空处需用动词短语fell over，表示摔倒，摔断了右腿。故选D。
23. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事太感人了，我几乎忍不住流下了眼泪。A. hold up举起，支撑；B. hold on坚持；C. hold on to守住；D. hold back克制，阻止。根据前文“The story was so moving”和后文“my tears”可知，此处指“忍不住（不能阻止）流下眼泪”。故选D项。
24. A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我想情况很快就会恢复（好转）。所有迹象都表明一切都在好转。A. pick up重提（话题），恢复（状态等）；B. set up设置；C. put up举起；D. hold up举起，支撑。根据后文“getting better”句意可知，此处指，情况很快“好转；恢复状态”。故选A项。
25. D
【解析】考查定语从句和时态。句意：针疗可以追溯到古代，已经治愈了许多疾病。此处短语date from/date back to表示“追溯到”，treatment是先行词，在定语从句中做主语，追溯通常要用一般现在时，因为它表示从现在往过去追溯是一般现在时，可以排除A.B.C。故选D。
26. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些父母太保护孩子了。他们想庇护自己的孩子远离各种危险，无论是真实的还是想象的。A. spot除去污点；B. dismiss解散；C. shelter庇护；D. distinguish辨别。根据前文“Some parents are just too protective.”可知，此处指“保护；庇护”自己的孩子。故选C项。
27. D
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：根据这项调查，流行音乐在大多数年轻人中是受喜爱的。A. thought about 思考，B. thought over 仔细考虑，C. thought out 想出，D. thought of 认为。 well和thought of为常用搭配，意为“受喜爱的”，符合题意。故选D。
28. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他终于意识到是他的懒惰和粗鲁毁了他的婚姻。A. destroyed摧毁；B. ruined破坏；C. damaged损害；D. hurt伤害。根据“his laziness and rudeness”可知，他的婚姻是被他的懒惰和粗鲁所破坏的。故选B。
29. B
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：他知道吸烟有害健康，但真的无法成功戒烟。give in 让步、屈服；give up 停止，放弃；give out 分发、发出；give away 泄露。根据“He knows smoking is bad for health,”可知应该是停止吸烟（戒烟）。故选B项。
30. A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：人们希望这个问题会在会议上被提出来。A.come up被提出；B.come up with想出；C.be come up错误短语；D.come out出版，发芽。根据“the question ”可知，问题是被提出，因此空格处为come up，故选A。
31. A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：自从他的童年，他从来没有经历这样的痛苦。A.gone through 经历；B.gone against 违背； C. gone into 走进； D. gone after追求。根据“such pains”可知，此处表示“经历痛苦”。故选A。
32. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——你一定要这么大声弹吉他吗？——我无法把注意力集中在工作上。A. fill填满；B. pay支付；C. connect联系；D concentrate专心。根据“Must you play the guitar so loudly?”可知，吉他声音太大导致无法集中注意力工作。故选D。
33. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：请开快一点好吗？我不想错过这个节目的每一分钟。A. sweep up打扫干净；B. speed up加速；C. take up占据，从事；D. make up组成，编造。根据“I wouldn’t like to miss a single minutes of the program”可知，此处表示请求加速。故选B。
34. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要遗漏词中的任何字母，否则它将表达一个不一样的意思。A. leave out遗漏； B. find out 查明；C.give out 分发； D.look into调查。根据句意可知是不要遗漏字母。 故选A。
35. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你再这样工作下去，身体迟早会垮的。A. break up拆散，破坏；B. break down被搞垮，垮掉；C. break into闯进；D. break out突然发生。根据“if you keep working like that”可知，此处表示身体会垮掉。故选B。
36. B
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我没有烟，谢谢，我正在努力戒烟。A.give in 屈服； B.give up 放弃； C.give away 分发； D.give off 发出。根据句意可知此处意为“放弃”。故选B。
37. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词和动词短语辨析。句意：我认为这个建议并不完美，但值得被提出。Be worth doing为固定用法，意为“值得做某事”，排除C项和D项；put forward意为“提出”，put off意为“推迟”，根据suggestion可知，此处表示“提出建议”。故选A。
38. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要让自己被说服去买你不想要的东西。A. expressed表达；B. organized组织；C. persuaded说服；D. preferred喜欢。persuade sb. into doing sth. (说服某人做某事)。这里指不要被说服买不想要的东西。故选C。
39. A
【解析】考查动词短语和时态。句意：事实上，他的新小说更多是以他自己的经历为基础的。“以...为基础”是base something on 或be based on，分析题干可知，谓语动词是be based on，用一般现在时陈述事实。故选A。
40. A
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：图片在儿童读物出版中起着重要的作用。A.play扮演；B.suffer遭受；C.base以......为基础；D.view观察。play an important part in为固定短语，意为“在……中起重要作用”，故选A。
41. B
【解析】考查动词。句意：这桌子的表面摸起来不够光滑。feel做半系动词，后面可接形容词，表示感觉怎么样，此处叙述的是一个客观事实，故用一般现在时态，主语为surface，故其否定形式是在实意动词前要用doesn’t，故选B。
42. A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：在谈话中提到了这个话题。A.came up被提出；B.came down下来；C.came out出来；D.came over过来。主语为subject“话题”，话题是被提出，故选A。
43. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在炎热的夏天，许多人在户外戴太阳镜，以保护他们的眼睛免受强烈的阳光。stop/keep/prevent ... from ...阻止(某人做某事)；protect ... from ...保护……免受。这里指戴太阳镜保护眼睛免受强烈的阳光的伤害。故选C。
44. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的工厂都很重视车展，价格很低，所以展会期间卖出了很多车。A. attached附上；B. afforded付得起；C. attracted吸引；D. affected影响。attach importance to认为……有重要意义； 重视……。这里指汽车工厂都很重视车展。故选A。
45. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：客人没有参加争论，而是在电视上观看了一场排球比赛。join指参加某组织或团体，成为其中一员；attend表示参加或出席正式的活动和场合；take part in表示主动参加；join in表示加入活动。根据argument，表示参加争论，是一种小活动，故选D项。