02 冠词和数词-备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用)

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备战2022年高考英语语法框架记忆+提升专练(全国通用）
02 冠词和数词
【知识框架】
冠词
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法
1
指一类人或事，相当于a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
2
第一次提及某人某物，非特指
A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。
3
表示“每一”相当于every，one
We study eight hours a day.
4
表示“相同”相当于the same
We are nearly of an age.
5
用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事
— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）
6
用于固定词组中
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7
用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后
This room is rather a big one.
8
用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9
用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事
a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事
a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事
a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识
II. 定冠词的用法
1
表示某一类人或物
In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the
2
用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4
用于演奏乐器
play the violin, play the guitar
5
用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the reach, the living, the wounded
6
表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）
—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
7
用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前
He is the taller of the two children.
8
用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前
the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9
用于表示发明物的单数名词前
The compass was invented in China.
10
在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代
in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)
11
用于表示度量单位的名词前
I hired the car by the hour.
12
用于方位名词，身体部位名词
He patted me on the shoulder.
III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法
1
专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前
Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2
名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制
I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3
季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前
March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4
表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前
Lincoln was made President of America.
5
表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前
He likes playing football/chess.
6
与by连用表示交通方式的名词前
We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.
A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填
7
以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时
husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8
表示泛指的复数名词前
Horses are useful animals.

基数词和序数词
I.表示数目多少的词叫基数词
100以下的基本基数词
100以上
1-10
11-19
20-90
100
a/one hundred;
1000
a/one thousand;
1,000,000
a/one million;
1,000,000,000
a/one billion（美）
a/one thousand million(英)
1 one
11 eleven
20 twenty
2 two
12 twelve
30 thirty
3 three
13 thirteen
40 forty
4 four
14 fourteen
50 fifty
5 five
15 fifteen
60 sixty
6 six
16 sixteen
70 seventy
7 seven
17 seventeen
80 eighty
8 eight
18 eightteen
90 ninety
9 nine
19 nineteen

10 ten


II.表示顺序的数次叫序数词：
基本序数词的构成
1st first
11th eleventh
20th twentieth
30th thirtieth
2nd second
12th twelfth
21st twenty-first
40th fortieth
3rd third
13th thirteenth
22nd twenty-second
50th fiftieth
4th fourth
14th fourteenth
23rd twenty-third
60th sixtieth
5th fifth
15th fifteenth
24th twenty-fourth
70th sevenyieth
6th sixth
16th sixteenth
25th twenty-fifth
80th eightieth
7th seventh
17th seventeenth
26th twenty-sixth
90th ninetieth
8th eighth
18th eighteenth
27th twenty-seventh
100th one hundredth
9th ninth
19th nineteenth
28th twenty-eighty
1,000th one thousangth
10th tenth

29th twenty-ninth
1,,000,000th one millionth



100,000,000th one billionth
注意：基数词及序数词重要用法
 1. 基数词的用法
基数词用于表示事物的数量，在表示基数词时，要特别注意hundred, thousand, million, billion等几个词的用法：若其前用了基数词，则不论其面是否有of，都必须用单数形式(此时若带of则通常表示特定范围中的一部分)；若泛指数百、数千、数百万等，则用 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等这样的结构。如：
Two hundred of the students are needed to plant trees this morning. 今天中午需要200个学生去植树。
Hundreds of people attended the famous director’s farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。
Thousands upon thousands of English words come from foreign tongues. 成千上万英语单词来自外来语。
2. 基数词的复数用法
逢整“十”的基数词的复数形式可用于表示某人的大约年岁和世纪中的年代。如：
The war broke out in the nineties. 这次战争爆发于90年代。
Karl Mark began to learn the Russian language in his fiftieth. 马克思五十多岁开始学俄语。
3. 序数词的用法
序数词用于表示事物的顺序，一般由与之相应的基数词加th构成(但有特殊形式需特别记忆)；序数词主要用作定语，前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词)。如：
Their second son is a doctor. 他们的二儿子是个博士。
The hundredth cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. 乔治一生中找到的第一百个山洞在阿尔卑斯山附近。
注：序数词前有时可用不定冠词，表示“每一，又一”。如：
We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们将再做一遍。
词尾加上-th(fourth,sixth)
一、二、三，特殊例，
结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third) 八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth)
ve要用 f替;(fifth,twelfth)
ty将y改成i, th前面有个e。
若是碰到几十几， 前用基来后用序。 
或记忆为：一、二、三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d  八加h,九减e,逢十改y为ie
 f要把ve替，还有th莫忘记
【语言实践内容梳理】
1. 数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。
基数词
(1)1～12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式。如one，two，three，…twelve等。
(2)13～19都以teen结尾，单词中的两个音节都读重音。如thirteen，fourteen…nineteen等。
(3)20～90十位数的整数都以-ty结尾，单词中的第一个音节重读。如twenty，thirty…ninety等。
(4)hundred是“百”，thousand是“千”，ten thousand是“万”，one hundred thousand 是“十万”，million是“百万”，ten million 是“千万”。
(5)在表示一个具体的数目时，hundred，thousand，million 后面都不能加“s”。如:two thousand，seven million等。在表示一个不确定的数目时，hundred， thousand，million 后面要加“s”。如：“成千上万”thousands of，“数百万”millions of 等。
(6)20以上的基数词的读法：
a. 两位数的读法，在十位和个位之间加连字符(即“-”)如：22 twenty-two， 35 thirty-five
b. 三位数的读法，在百位之后加“and”。如：136 one hundred and thirty-six， 498 four hundred and ninety-eight
c. 四位及四位以上数的读法，只在百位之后加and，而千位、万位以上的数后面不加任何词，只按顺序读。如：1 234 one thousand two hundred and thirty-four，
5 864 327 five million eight hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-seven
2. 序数词
(1)第一、第二、第三分别为first，second，third。
(2)第四到第十九都由相应的基数词加th构成。如：fourth，seventh等。要注意fifth，eighth，ninth和twelfth的拼写法和读法。
(3)十位数的序数词由相应的基数词去掉词尾y加ieth构成。如：twentieth，fiftieth等。
(4)第二十一到九十九等，前面的十位数用基数词，后面的个位数用序数词，中间用连字符“-”连接。如：twenty-first，twenty-ninth，seventy-eighth 等。
(5)第一百、第一千、第一百万分别在相应的基数词后面加th。即:hundredth，thousandth，millionth。
(6)序数词之前一般要加定冠词或代词。如：
The second truck is carrying fewer baskets than the first one.
This is her first visit to China.
有时，序数词前用不定冠词，表示“再一、又一”的意思。如：
He failed once. Then he tried a second time. 他曾经失败一次，然后他又试了一次。
3. 年月日表达法
(1)年份，每两位数读一个词。如：
1949 nineteen forty-nine 1900 nineteen hundred
(2)先月后日，日子要读成序数词。如：
5月1日 May (the) first可写成 May 1
3月8日 March (the) eighth可写成March 8
(3)先日后月，在月份之前加of。如：
5月1日 the first of May
3月8日 the eighth of March
(4)年月日同时出现，把年代放在最后，年代前用逗号隔开。
如1949年10月1日，可写成：the first of October，1949或October (the)first，1949。
4. 时刻表达法
(1)用基数词，按顺序读。如：
7：30 seven thirty， 8：15 eight fifteen， 12：00 twelve (o’clock)
(2)用介词past，past之前为分钟数(须在半小时以内，包括半小时)，
past之后为钟点数。
如： 6：11 eleven past six ，7：15 fifteen (a quarter) past seven
9：30 thirty (half) past nine
(3)用介词to，to前为分钟数(须在半小时以上,不包括半小时)，to之后为下一个钟点数，
表示“差几分到几点”。如：
6：58 two to seven，7：45 fifteen (a quarter) to eight
5. 编号表达法
(1)用No. No. (读Number)后加数字，数字读基数词。
如：No. 1 Number One， No. 3 bus Number Three bus
(2)用序数词 词序为：the + 序数词+名词 如:
the first lesson，the Second World War
(3)用基数词 词序为：名词(词首字母大写)＋基数词(如用英语拼写，词首字母也要大写)如：Lesson One，Class Four，World War Two。此种方法较常见，特别是当数字较长时。如：
Room 306，No. 106 Middle School。
6. 分数表达法
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1时，分母要在序数词后加s。如：
1/3，one third，2/5，two fifths等。
7. 数学运算的表达法
“加”用plus或and，“减”用minus，“乘”用times，“除”用divided by，动词多用单数。如：
3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight. 9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.
6×5=30 Five times six is thirty. 8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four
【能力提升】
一、语法填空
1
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Like other big cities, Paris has also a traffic problem: lots of cars, traffic jams and traffic pollution. So since 2007, the city 1. (start) a plan to improve the situation.
Under a project, people can take a bicycle, use it as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station. The first half-hour is free, 2. if you don’t return it after 30 minutes, you have to pay. It’s only $1 or $29 a year. The bicycles are as heavy as 25 kilograms, and they’re all grey and have baskets. There’re a large number of 3. (they) in the city, and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations!
Paris isn’t the first city to operate a project like this. One Parisian said, “These bicycles are only suitable for short 4. (journey). If people want to travel across the city, they won’t use a bicycle — they’ll still use their cars.”
A city spokesman said, “The bicycle project won’t solve all our traffic problems, but it might work in 5. (reduce) air pollution. Traffic, together with factory fumes, 6. (be) a big problem. Everyone knows about global warming and dramatic climate changes — we know this is partly because rainforests are 7. (gradual) disappearing. And it’s also because there’s so much pollution. There aren’t any simple answers 8. traffic problems and pollution in cities, but the bicycles might help people lead 9. healthier life. Unless we do something now, there’ll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get even 10. (bad).”
2
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。
Last week,our yearly school sports meeting 11. (hold) and the students of our class took 12. active part in it.On the first day,we watched the impressive opening ceremony13. (perform) by energetic teachers and students.Soon,the games formally began.Some of my classmates ran to the track to cheer for the 14. （athlete）while others remained15. (seat),watching them from a distance.I was 16. (excite) because I would compete 17. the 100-meter dash with my classmates cheering.Unfortunately,I fell on the ground, 18. (miss) the chance to win.What a pity!Although I failed,I was still looking forward to a 19. (good) performance the next day.However,as a result of the rain,we had to put off the sports meeting, 20. made us disappointed.

3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It's only been one month since Dean LaBarba 21. （graduate） from medical school-but he wasn't expecting to have started his life-saving career so soon.
Last month, LaBarba was22. a 12-hour flight from Zurich to Los Angeles with his wife when a female passenger23. （sit） close to them said that she didn't feel well . Before she could get up 24. （use） the restroom,she fell down .LaBarba25. （immediate） rushed to the woman's side, only to find that she didn't have a pulse （脉 搏）.With the help of another passenger,he had the woman lie across a row of26. (seat） so he could begin pushing her chest. After six pushes.27. started to wake up.
LaBarba ,his wife,and the passenger 28. （(move） to first class,where the newly-graduated doctor monitored her health.
The passenger expressed her extreme gratitude toward LaBarba 29. happened to be the only doctor on board the 300-person flight that day. He said that 30. experience confirmed his "calling and desire to help people".
4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Anna had a car accident when she was a teenager. She lost her arms because of that. What’s worse, when she was twenty years old, she lost her parents. Her elder sister, 31. is ten years older than her, told her she’d take care of her. However, Anna refused 32. (live) with her. Instead, she said she would take care of 33. (she). She managed to enter college and 34. (study) very hard. Four 35. (year) later, she graduated and was offered work. Once she wrote in her diary, “I am quite lucky. 36. I lost my arms, I still have my legs.” Anna lost her arms, but she chose to face it in a positive way. Instead of 37. (feel) sad every day, she decided not to let it hold her back. She has taught us 38. good lesson.
When something bad happens to us, we have two 39. (choose). One is to complain, and the other is to face it 40. (brave). If we choose to escape, it will always follow us wherever we go. If we decided to be strong, new hopes will come. So choose wisely.
5
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
We walked inside a museum in Garden City and looked around, eager 41. (meet) Kobie Boykins, a NASA engineer. He helped to design the Mars rover (探测器) Curiosity, 42. is still exploring to this day.
In a big presentation room, Boykins 43. (talk) about the team’s newest rover, Mars 2020. We asked him if the new rover would be 44. most complicated one he and his team 45. (make) so far. He told us that most of the engineering would be the same. However, the rover is still more 46. (advance) and will be able to get more accurate test 47. (result).
When Boykins finished his presentation, some people brought him into another room where we would interview him. We asked if he felt he was 48. a lot of pressure at work. He told us that he 49. (actual) put a lot of pressure on himself. He said that working on the spacecraft wasn’t putting him in that position, but he still wanted to make 50. perfect.
6
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During the 51. (twenty) century , the temperature of the earth 52. (rise) about one degree Fahrenheit. It is a rapid increase when compared53. other natural changes .
There is no doubt54. the earth is becoming warmer. Scientists believe 55. is human activity that has caused this global warming. The increase in the earth's temperature is due to the56. (burn) of fossil fuels. Some byproducts of this process 57. (call) “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of58. is carbon dioxide. Without the “greenhouse effect”, the earth would be thirty-three degree Celsius59. (cool) than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, causing the global temperature 60. (go) up.

二、单项选择
61. Mary’s house in Nanchang cost much more than ours，though not half________.
A. so big B. much bigger
C. very big D. as bigger
62. New born babies are good sleepers. The amount of their s1eep is________that of adults.
A. several times larger than B. a few times the size of
C. as several times as D. a few times deeper than
63. Bob’s salary is three times ________, so John admires Bob very much.
A. as high as that of John B. as bigger as that of John
C. as high as John D. as much as John
64. The new stadium being built for the 2022Asian Games will be three times ______ the present one.
A. as higher as B. the height of C. as high than D. highest than
65. The Browns arrived in Beijing on________.
A. July the nineth B. July nine C. ninth of July D. the ninth of July
66. Every year ________ watch NBA on TV.
A. millions of people B. million people
C. million of people D. millions people
67. About ________ people were coming to visit our school.
A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of
C. two hundred D. two hundreds
68. ________of the land in our hometown ________covered with trees and grasses.
A. Three fifths; is B. Three fifths; are C. Three fifth; is D. Three fifth; are
69. A foreign car can cost up to ________ a similar product made at home.
A. four times as much B. as much as four times
C. four times as much as D. much as four times as
70. He has a large house in the suburb, which is twice ________ mine.
A. as large than B. as larger as C. largest than D. the size of
71. Paris is________ most beautiful city, where you can see________ famous Eiffel Tower.
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. a; the
72. - You say you want to watch ________ amazing movie, don’t you?
- Oh, yes. ________ movie is called Spiderman - No way home.
A. a, the B. an, the C. the, the
73. Jinan city will hold the 11th National Games. We are facing ________ good opportunity, ________ that will lead to our prosperity.
A. a; one B. a; it C. the; one D. the; it
74. Washing machines made in China have won ________ worldwide attention and Haier has become ________ popular name.
A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a
75. There is _________ bottle of milk in the fridge.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
76. As ________ matter of fact, the couple are cleaning their house in _______ preparation for the new baby’s coming.
A. a; a B. 不填; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填
77. _______ total of 22 young players from the county were trained by the school’s foreign soccer coaches.
A. The B. An C. A D. ×
78. With ________ help of Mrs. Brown, I have made ________ great progress in my study.
A. the, a B. the, / C. a, / D. /, the
79. They have ________ good knowledge of English but little ________ they know about German.
A. a; do B. a; have C. /; did D. /; had
80. —I passed my driving test yesterday.
—________good news! You can drive to work,
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
81. At ________ end of the meeting, our headmaster encouraged all of us to go to ________ college.
A. the; the B. an; / C. /; / D. the; /
82. I can't remember the exact date he left ________ school to work abroad. But I remember it was ________ Tuesday.
A. the; / B. /;/ C. the; a D. /;a
83. It is well-known that ________ year 2020 saw many developments in ________ science and technology, with those in the field of space science being particularly notable.
A. /; / B. /; the C. the; the D. the; /
84. I have ________ European pen friend, and he likes playing guitar.
A. an; / B. an; the C. a; / D. a; the
85. Tom is going to Xingyi by________plane.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
86. It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like________man.
A. the；a B. a；the C. a；a D. a；不填

参考答案
一、
1
1. has started
2. but 或yet
3. them
4. journeys
5. reducing
6. is
7. gradually
8. to
9. a
10. worse
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的自行车骑行方案，鼓励人们为了环境和自己的身体健康，多骑自行车。
1. 考查动词时态。句意：因此，自2007年以来，该市开始了一项改善现状的计划。根据上文since 2007可知应用现在完成时表达现阶段已经完成的动作，since和现在完成时态连用。故填has started。
2. 考查并列连词。句意：第一个半小时是免费的，但如果30分钟后不归还，就得付费。根据语境可知上下文为转折关系，故填but或yet。
3. 考查人称代词。句意：在城市里有很多这样的人，而且自行车站比地铁站还多！of为介词后跟人称代词宾格形式做宾语，故填them。
4. 考查名词的数。句意：这些自行车只适合短途旅行。journey为可数名词，前面没有冠词修饰，故填复数形式journeys。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：自行车项目不会解决我们所有的交通问题，但它可能在减少空气污染方面发挥作用。介词in 的宾语用动名词，故填reducing。
6. 考查主谓一致。句意：交通和工厂的烟雾是一个大问题。当句子中together with ，along with ，with，as well， except等介词短语存在时，谓语动词单复数要和第一个主语的单复数保持一致，本句主语为Traffic。故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is。
7. 考查副词。句意：每个人都知道全球变暖和剧烈的气候变化——我们知道这部分是因为雨林正在逐渐消失。修饰动词disappear应用副词，故填gradually。
8. 考查介词。句意：对于城市中的交通问题和污染，没有任何简单的答案。短语answers to problems“问题的答案”，故填to。
9. 考查冠词。句意：自行车可以帮助人们过上更健康的生活。life为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个生活”，故填a。
10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：除非我们现在采取行动，否则将会有更多的交通堵塞，气温将继续上升，所以我们的环境问题将会变得更糟。根据句意以及上文even可知应填形容词比较级worse，表示“更糟；更坏”。
2
11. was held
12. an
13. performed
14. athletes
15. seated
16. excited
17. in
18. missing
19. better
20. which
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了上周作者所在学校举办了每年都举办的运动会，尽管作者在比赛过程中摔倒了，但作者仍然期待着第二天的良好表现。但天不作美，由于天气原因，运动会被推迟，使同学们很失望。
11. 考查一般过去时。由“Last week”可知，本句为一般过去时,our yearly school sports meeting 为主语，与谓语hold为被动，所以应填was held。故填 was held。
12. 考查冠词。表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词，有时可具体化为可数名词。这时常组成“a／an＋形容词＋抽象名词”结构。part为抽象名词被active修饰，且active首字母的发音为元音因素，所以用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
13. 考查过去分词。分析句子可知，ceremony与perform在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填performed 。
14. 考查名词复数。athlete为可数名词。本句指多个运动员，所以用复数athletes 。故填athletes 。
15. 考查形容词。be seated“就坐”为固定短语，remain为系动词后接seated作表语。故填seated。
16. 考查形容词。以后缀 –ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人。本句的主语为I, 所以表语应为excited。故填excited。
17. 考查介词。in the 100-meter dash “在百米冲刺”in“在......里”符合句意。故填in。
18. 考查现在分词。分析句子可知，I 与miss 在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填missing。
19. 考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知，因为作者在运动会当天摔倒了，所以作者期望明天的表现比今天的好。所以用形容词的比较级。故填better。
20. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知，which为非限制性定语从句的先行词，指代前面的整个句子，作定语从句的主语。故填which。
3
21. graduated
22. on
23. sitting
24. to use
25. immediately
26. seats
27. she
28. were moved
29. who
30. the/this
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个感人的故事。LaBarba刚从一学校毕业不到一个月，就在一次乘坐飞机的旅途中拯救了一名女乘客的性命。
21. 考查一般过去时。句意：自从Dean LaBarba从医学校毕业到现在只有一个月的时间。此处为since引导的时间状语从句，从句中需要用一般过去时，故填graduated。
22. 考查介词。句意：上个月LaBarba正和妻子乘坐航班由苏黎世飞往洛杉矶,这时一名坐在他们旁边的女性乘客说她感觉不太好。be on a flight to飞往。故填on。
23. 考查现在分词作定语。句意：上个月LaBarba正和妻子乘坐航班由苏黎世飞往洛杉矶,这时一名坐在他们旁边的女性乘客说她感觉不太好。a female passenger与sit构成主谓关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填sitting。
24. 考查不定式作目的状语。句意：她还没来得及起来去厕所，就摔倒了。根据句意可知此处去使用厕所是站起来的目的。故填to use。
25. 考查副词。句意：LaBarba立刻冲向那位女士旁边，结果发现她已经没有脉搏。此处为副词immediately修饰动词rushed。故填immediately。
26. 考查名词单复数。句意：在另一为乘客的帮助之下，他让那位女士躺在一排座椅上。此处seat为可数名词，且前面由a row of修饰。故填seats。
27. 考查代词。句意：在按压胸部六次之后，那位女士醒过来了。此处应用代词she代指the woman。故填she。
28. 考查被动语态。句意：LaBarba，他的妻子和那位女乘客被转移到了头等舱。根据句意可知此处应用被动语态，结合时态可知，应填were moved。
29. 考查定语从句。句意：那位女乘客向LaBarba表达了感激之情，LaBarba碰巧是飞机上唯一一名医生。此处为who引导的定语从句修试先行词LaBarba，且在从句中做主语。故填who。
30. 考查冠词/指示代词。句意：这次经历使他坚信了帮助别人的渴望。此处应使用定冠词the(或指示代词this)强调特指。故填the/this。
4
31. who
32. to live
33. herself
34. studied
35. years
36. Although
37. feeling
38. a
39. choices
40. bravely
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。安娜十几岁的时候由于车祸失去了胳膊，二十岁的时候失去了父母。她的姐姐要照顾她，她拒绝了，通过自己的努力进入了大学和找到了工作。通过安娜的故事，作者告诉我们 当我们遇到不好的事情时，我们要选择勇敢。
31. 考查定语从从句的关系词。分析可知空格处引导定语从句，先行词为her elder sister指人，在定语从句中做主语，故用who引导这个定语从句。故填who。
32. 考查不定式。refuse to do为固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事”，空格处要用不定式。故填to live。
33. 考查反身代词。句意：相反，她说她会照顾她自己。根据句意，这里要表达的是照顾“她自己”，故填反身代词herself。
34. 考查时态。安娜学习努力这件事发生在过去，所以这里要用一般过去时，故填studied。
35. 考查名词单复数。year为可数名词，且由four修饰，所以这里要用其复数形式，故填years。
36. 考查连词。句意：尽管我失去了双臂，我还有双腿。I lost my arms和I still have my legs是两个完整的句子，要用一个连词这两个句子，根据句意可知前后为转折关系，所以用although，故填 Although。
37. 考查动名词。Instead of为介词短语，后要接动词的动名词形式，故填feeling。
38. 考查冠词。lesson为可数名词，且原文没有用复数形式，所以要用冠词修饰。这里要表达的是“一堂好课”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a,故填a。
39. 考查名词单复数。句意：当发生不好的事情时，我们有两个选择。空格处做have的宾语，结合句意这里应该用所给词的名词choice, choice为可数名词且由two修饰，要用其复数形式 ，故填choices。
40. 考查副词。空格处修饰动词face，要用副词修饰动词，故填bravely。
5
41. to meet
42. which
43. was talking/talked
44. the
45. had made
46. advanced
47. results
48. under
49. actually
50. it
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了参观博物馆，拜访了航天科学家Kobie Boykins，明白了成功源自对完美的追求。
41. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们走进Garden City的一个博物馆，环顾四周，很想见见NASA的工程师Kobie Boykins。eager to do固定短语，“渴望做......”，不定式作目的状语，故填to meet。
42. 考查定语从句。句意：他帮助设计了火星探测器Curiosity，至今仍在探索中。 is still exploring to this day.是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Curiosity，在从句中作主语，故填which。
43. 考查一般过去时或者过去进行时。句意：在一个大的演示室里,Boykins谈到了团队最新的探测器，火星2020。根据上文可知，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时或者过去进行时，故填was talking/talked。
44. 考查冠词。句意：我们问他这个新探测器是否是他和他的团队迄今为止制造的最复杂的一个。此处是形容词最高级，故填the。
45. 考查过去完成时。句意：我们问他这个新探测器是否是他和他的团队迄今为止制造的最复杂的一个。根据时间状语so far，可知谓语动词用完成时态；根据主句的谓语动词asked，可知此处用过去完成时，故填had made。
46. 考查形容词。句意：不过，这个探测器会更先进，并且会得到更准确的测试结果。形容词作表语，故填advanced。
47. 考查名词。句意：不过，这个探测器会更先进，并且会得到更准确的测试结果。result是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，故填results。
48. 考查介词。句意：我们问他是否感到工作压力很大。under pressure固定短语，“在压力之下”，故填under。
49. 考查副词。句意：他告诉我们，他实际上给自己施加了很大的压力。副词修饰动词作状语，故填actually。
50. 考查代词。句意：他说在飞船上工作并不会让他陷入那种境地,但他还是想让它完美。此处指代working on the spacecraft ，故用代词it，填it。
6
51. twentieth
52. rose
53. to/with
54. that
55. it
56. burning
57. are called
58. which
59. cooler
60. to go
【解析】这是一篇说明文。20世纪，地球的温度上升了1华氏度。科学家们认为是人类活动导致了地球变暖，因为矿物的燃烧导致过多的二氧化碳排放到了大气层中。
51. 考查序数词。句意：在20世纪，地球的温度上升了1华氏度。“在20世纪”是按时间顺序记时的，应用序数词。故填twentieth。
52. 考查时态。句意同上。“在20世纪”提示了我们这句话时态使用一般过去时。故填rose。
53. 考查介词。句意：与其它自然变化相比，这是一个很快的升高。“be compared to/with”是固定表达,意为“”与……相比，这里是when (it is）compared to/with的省略形式。故填to/with。
54. 考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问地球正在变得更暖和。There is no doubt that… “毫无疑问”是固定句型。故填that。
55. 考查强调句。句意：科学家们认为是人类活动导致了全球变暖。强调句句式结构为“it is …that/who…”，本句去掉is和that后句子不缺成份，所以说是宾语从句中嵌套了强调句。故填it。
56. 考查动名词。句意：地球温度的升高是由于化石燃料的燃烧。空格前有定冠词，空格后是介词，所以空格处填名词形式。所给出的单词为动词，所以填动名词形式。故填burning。
57. 考查被动语态。句意：一些副产品被叫做温室气体，其中最重的一种是二氧化碳。分析句子成分可知，句子缺少谓语动词，且根据句意，应使用被动语态。全文使用的时态为一般现在时，且主语Some byproducts为复数形式，故填are called。
58. 考查定语从句。句意同上。根据句意可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词为gases，从句缺少主语用于of后，故填which。
59. 考查形容词比较级。句意：没有温室效应，地球将比现在凉快33摄氏度。由空格后的than可知此处用比较级。故填cooler。
60. 考查不定式。句意：当我们把大量的二氧化碳排入空气的时候，问题就出现了，导致地球温度上升。cause… to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“导致……做某事”，故填to go。
二、
61. A
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意：玛丽在南昌的房子比我们家乡的房子更值钱，尽管还没有我们家里的房子的一半大。本句是一个省略句，后面省略了as our house。倍数表达有四种：1.“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”，2.“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”，3.“A+倍数+the size/height/length/width, etc+of+B”, 4.“...times+what+从句”。本题考查了第二种，half 也是倍数。因为本句是一个否定句，所以使用so…as…；此处表示“玛丽在南昌的房子不到我们家房子面积的一半，却比我们家的房子贵得多”，完整的表示是“...cost much more than ours，though it is not half so big (as ours). ”故选A项。
62. A
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：新生婴儿睡眠很好。他们的睡眠时间是成年人的几倍。根据句意可知，是新生儿和成年人的比较，此处用倍数表达。倍数表达为：（1）……倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+than+.......；（2）……倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+as......；（3）……倍数+the size（length，height…）of。故选A。
63. A
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意：鲍勃的工资是约翰的三倍，所以约翰非常崇拜鲍勃。根据句意和选项可知，此题考查的是倍数表达法：as+原级+as，故将B排除；主语是Bob’s salary，因此是两人工资的比较，为避免重复，应用that指代约翰的工资，故选A。
64. B
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意：为2022年亚运会建造的新体育场将是现在的三倍高。根据句意可知，此处是倍数表达法，倍数表达法可用：倍数 + as +原级 +as；故将A项排除；或用：倍数 + 比较级+than，故将C项排除；或用：倍数 + the + 名词 + of + 比较对象，故选B。
65. D
【解析】考查时间的表达。句意：布朗一家于七月九日到达北京。表示“七月九日”应用the ninth of July或July 9th/ninth。故选D。
66. A
【解析】考查与数量有关的名词、代词和限定词。句意：每年都有数百万人在电视上观看NBA比赛。millions of “数以百万的......”为固定搭配。故选A。
67. C
【解析】考查数词。句意：大约有两百人要来参观我们的学校。表达“几百”应使用具体数字+hundred。hundreds of，意为“数百”，表示笼统数字。故选C项。
68. A
【解析】考查数词和主谓一致。句意：我们家乡五分之三的土地被树和草覆盖。根据选项可知，第一个空考查分数。分数的表达法为分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于一分母加s。分数作主语时，其后的谓语动词的单复数取决于它所修饰的名词，即此处的land。又知land意为“陆地，土地”,为不可数名词，所以第二个空应用单数形式。故选A。
69. C
【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意：一辆外国汽车的价格可能是国内同类车型的四倍。“A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B”是倍数表达法之一，表示“A是B的……倍”；所以此处选C。
70. D
【解析】考查倍数的表达。句意：他在郊区有一所大房子，是我的两倍大 。分析可知，本题考查倍数的表达；比较级表达形式有：1.A+be+倍数+as+adj原级+as+B；2.A+be+倍数+adj比较级＋than+B；3.A+be+倍数+the+n.+of+B;4.The+n.+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B。对比选项，故选D。
71. D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：巴黎是一个最美丽的城市，在那里你可以看到著名的埃菲尔铁塔。第一空，根据句意表示“非常漂亮的城市”应用a most city，泛指“一个”，且most是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a，the most beautiful city意为“最漂亮的城市”不符合语境；第二空特指埃菲尔铁塔应用定冠词the。故选D。
72. B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：——你说你想看一部很棒的电影，是吗?——哦，是的，这部电影叫《蜘蛛侠——有家难回》。第一空名词movie为可数名词，泛指，且形容词amazing发音 以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。第二空名词movie为特指《蜘蛛侠——有家难回》这部电影，所以用定冠词the。故选B。
73. A
【解析】考查冠词和不定代词。句意：济南市将举办第十一届全运会。我们将面临一个好机会，一个可以带领我们走向繁荣的机会。分析句子结构可知，opportunity为可数名词单数，此处用不定冠词泛指，good 以辅音音素开头，要用a，后边是一个定语从句，先行词为不定代词，one代指上文中的opportunity，泛指同一类，故选择A项。
74. B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：中国制造的洗衣机赢得了全世界的关注，海尔已经成为一个受欢迎的名字。第一空名词attention为不可数名词，前不用冠词；第二空名词name为可数名词，泛指，所以用不定冠词，popular的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。故选B。
75. B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：冰箱里有一瓶牛奶。根据句意可知，此处指有一瓶牛奶，应用不定冠词，bottle的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故选B。
76. C
【解析】考查冠词。句意：事实上，这对夫妇正在打扫房子，为新生婴儿的到来做准备。as a matter of fact“事实上”为固定短语， in preparation for“ 为……做准备”为固定短语。故选C项。
77. C
【解析】考查冠词。句意：该县共有22名年轻球员由该校的外国足球教练培训。A. The定冠词；B, An不定冠词；C.a不定冠词；D.×零冠词。a total of为固定用法，意为“一共”，故选C。
78. B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：在布朗夫人的帮助下，我在学习上取得了很大的进步。分析句子可知，逗号前面涉及固定短语“with the help of sb.”，意为“在某人的帮助下”，句中特指布朗夫人的帮助，故空格一应用定冠词“the”；逗号后面涉及固定短语“make great progress”，意为“取得很大进步”，“progress”为不可数名词，前面不用冠词修饰。故选B项。
79. A
【解析】考查冠词和时态。句意：他们英语很好，但对德语却知之甚少。have a good knowledge of对……有很好的了解。little为否定词，位于句首，所以用部分倒装结构。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时，所以用助动词do。故选A。
80. B
【解析】考查感叹句。句意：——我昨天通过了驾驶考试。——真是个好消息！你可以开车去上班。分析可知，_______good news! 为感叹句，对名词news进行感叹用what，news是不可数名词，前面不需要加冠词，how是对形容词或副词进行感叹，故选B。
81. D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：在会议结束时，校长鼓励我们大家都去上大学。根据固定短语“at the end of在……的末尾”以及“go to college上大学”可知，前空应填冠词the；后空不用填冠词。故选D项。
82. D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：我记不起他退学到国外工作的确切日期了。但我记得那天是个星期二。leave school 退学；leave the school离开学校，此处指退学去工作，用leave school。空二泛指一个星期二用不定冠词a。故选D。
83. D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：众所周知，在2020年，科学和技术取得了许多发展，其中空间科学领域的发展尤其引人注目。第一空需用定冠词the特指year 2020，science and technology意为“科技和技术”，当in+名词表示“某方面”不需要使用定冠词。因此第一空为the，第二空为/，故选D。
84. D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：我有一个欧洲笔友，他喜欢弹吉他。friend是单数可数名词，此处表示“一个”用不定冠词，European开头是辅音音素，不定冠词用a。play后加乐器时加定冠词the。故选D。
85. D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：汤姆打算乘飞机去兴义。by plane“乘飞机”是固定短语，无需冠词，故选D项。
86. C
【解析】考查冠词。句意：人们普遍认为，一个男孩必须学会像个男子汉那样站起来和战斗。此处boy与man都是泛指，应用不定冠词，且都是辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故选C。