备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练(全国通用) 热点34 石油的利用及相关话题

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备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练热点34 石油的利用及相关话题一、阅读理解1There is not enough oil in the world now. As time goes by, it becomes less and less, so what are we going to do when it runs out? Perhaps we will go back to use horses, carriages and bicycles.In the Second World War, some people didn’t use gas made from petroleum（石油）in their cars. They made gas from wood and plants instead. The car didn’t go fast, but they ran, so this was better than nothing. However, in the future, we can’t cut down all our trees to make gas; we need our trees for other things, too.Besides different types of gas, we can also use electricity（电）to run our cars, but first we must make electricity! Some countries have coal and they make electricity with that, but we might not always have coal, either. Other countries have big, strong rivers, and they can use the power of water to turn turbines（涡轮机）and make electricity more easily and cheaply. We are also able to get power from the ocean tides（海潮）. We put turbines into the mouth of the river. Then the tide comes in, the water turns the turbines and then it goes out, it turns them again.Which of these ways will be used to run our cars in the future?1. When might people have to go back to use horses and carriages?A. When they are poor.B. When they run out of oil.C. When they need more exercise.D. When there aren’t any big trees in the world.2. What did some people use to make gas in the Second World War?A. Water. B. Coal. C. Wood and plants. D. Tides.3. How many ways are suggested to make electricity in the passage?A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. There is more petroleum than we can use now.B. Trees are needed for some other things besides making gas.C. We got electricity from ocean tides in the old days.D. Gas wasn’t used to run cars in the Second World War.5. The passage is mainly about ________.A. how to run our cars B. what to do when oil runs outC. different types of gas D. the ways to make electricity2Energy is very important in modern life. People use energy to run machines, heat and cool their homes, cook, get light, and transport people and products from place to place. Most energy comes from fossil（化石）fuels--petroleum, coal and natural gas. However, burning fossil fuels cause pollution. Also if we don't find new kinds of energy, we will use up all the fossil fuels in the twenty-first century. Scientists are working hard to find other kinds of energy for the future. What might these sources of energy be?Energy from the windAll over the world, people use the power of the wind. It turns windmills and moves sail-boats. It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it. Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy.Energy from waterWhen water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy. This energy is used to create electricity. In Brittany, France, for example, waterpower produces enough energy to light a town of 40000 people. Waterpower gives energy without pollution. However, people have to build dams to use this energy. Dams cost a lot of money, so water energy is expensive.Energy from the earthThere is heat in rocks under the earth. Scientists use this heat to make geothermal energy. San Francisco gets half of the energy it needs from geothermal power. This kind of energy is cheap, but it is possible only in a few places in the world.Energy from the sunSolar panels on the roofs of houses can turn energy from the sun into electricity. These panels can create enough energy to heat an entire house. Solar power is clean and there is a lot of it in sunny places. But when the weather is bad, there is no sunlight for energy.6. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Advantages of the energy from nature.B. The future of energy.C. Scientists have been working hard to research other kinds of energy.D. Energy is the most important power in the world.7. From the first paragraph, we know ________.A. energy can do everything for peopleB. all the energy causes pollutionC. the new kinds of energy are badly neededD. scientists have found other kinds of energy for future8. What is the writer's opinion about the energy?A. Try to use water energy more though it costs a lot.B. Each natural energy has its own advantages and disadvantages.C. Solar power is environmental.D. Wind power is the cheapest but we can't get enough.9. The writer suggests in the passage that ________.A. in the 21st century fossil fuels may be used upB. the new sources of energy will change in the next twenty yearsC. if we dig deep enough, in the earth, we find geothermal energy everywhereD. French and American are more interested in water and heat energy10. What can be inferred（推断）from the passage?A. In order to protect our environment, we should try other kinds of energy.B. All scientists in the world will unite to find energy.C. People in modern life use energy every day.D. Energy changes people's lives.3Today’s world is full of plastic goods, from water bottles to car parts. We make plastic toys, toothbrushes, and shopping bags. Plastic is so useful that it’s hard to imagine life without it, but it has not been around that long.The first plastic was invented in 1869. That’s when American John Wesley Hyatt made a form of plastic from a plant material called cellulose. Before long, his discovery was used to make combs, eyeglasses, buttons, and film.In the 1900s, petroleum products such as oil replaced cellulose. New kinds of plastic were discovered in the 1950s, and that’s when the real boom began. People started to use plastic in many fields instead of the old materials. Plastics quickly replace paper, glass, metal, and wood in a growing number of products. In 1960, the United States made 6 billion pounds of plastic. By 1988, the output had grown to 50 billion pounds. These days, almost 10 percent of the oil America uses every year is turned into plastic. That’s 2 million barrels of oil a day.Most of the plastic ever made still exists. Unlike wood, metal, and paper, plastic does not break down easily. Some people think plastic will never break down. Others say it may take 500 or 1,000 years. No one knows for sure because it has been around for too short a time. But if George Washington had used plastic water bottles in the 1700s, those bottles would probably still be around.Although plastic lasts a long time, we don’t keep plastic products very long. We use them and throw them away. Only about 5 percent of plastic is recycled. A huge amount of it ends up floating in the ocean. Then seabirds, seals, turtles, whales and fish eat it. Scientists often find sea animals that have starved（饿）to death with their stomachs full of plastic. And every time it rains, more trash from city streets flushes into the sea. Much of that trash is plastic.What can we do about plastic? First, be aware. Oil takes millions of years to form. Should we use up this precious fuel to make flimsy shopping bags that are used once and thrown away? Should any animal pay for our convenience with its life? Each person’s actions can make a difference. It’s time to act now.11. What can we know about plastic?A. Plastic is now widely used in every area of our daily life.B. America holds the leading position in the world-wide use of plastic.C. Plastic can last for more than 300 years and will never break down.D. About 95% of plastic is used once and then thrown away.12. Which detail supports the idea that plastic can be dangerous?A. Animals starve to death after eating plastic.B. Much of that trash is plastic.C. About 10 percent of the oil we use every year is made into plastic.D. John Wesley Hyatt made the first plastic from cellulose.13. The underlined word “replace” in paragraph 3 means “______”.A. Take the charge of    B. Increase in value    C. Take the place of    D. Decrease in value14. What might be written in the following paragraph?A. Reasons about why we should use less plastic.B. Criticism on those who make and buy plastic.C. Tips for using plastic in the environmental friendly way.D. Difference between using plastic and other materials.15. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Amazing Plastic.    B. Dangerous Plastic.    C. Useless Plastic.    D. New Plastic4The water hyacinth（水葫芦）grows in tropical countries where the weather is hot and wet. It has beautiful purple-blue flowers, but everybody hates it. Why?Millions and millions of these plants grow in rivers and lakes. Sometimes the plants become so thick that people can walk on them. People cannot travel in boats on the water, and they cannot fish in it. The plants stop the water from moving. Then the water carries diseases. Farmers cannot use the water on their land.Now scientists think that water hyacinths can be useful. The plants are really a free crop. No one has to take care of them. They just grow and grow and grow. What can farmers use them for?Some fish like to eat them. Farmers can grow these fish in the lakes and rivers.Workers can collect and cut the plants with machines. Then they can make fertilizer(肥料) to make their crops grow better. They can also make feed for their farm animals.Now we burn gas from petroleum(石油) for energy. Maybe this plant can help to make methane gas (CH4) instead of petroleum. Methane gas can be made from plants. Then poor tropical countries will not have to buy so much expensive petroleum. Maybe in the future people will love the water hyacinth instead of hating it.16. According to the passage, the water hyacinth can grow in________.A. Russia. B. Canada. C. Thailand17. Why do people hate water hyacinths?A. No fish can live in the water with water hyacinths.B. Water hyacinths are useless.C. Water hyacinths prevent water from moving.18. From the passage, we know________.A. water hyacinths should be taken care of .B. water hyacinths are hard to grow.C. farmers can keep some fish in the water with water hyacinths.19. What can we infer(推断) from the last paragraph(段落) ?A. People won’t use this plant in the future.B. CH4 is a kind of gas that people can burn to get energy.C. The tropical countries will get all of the energy from petroleum.20. What is the main idea of the passage?A. How to get the energy from this plant.B. Two sides of water hyacinths.C. We should grow water hyacinths at once.5You've probably heard the phrase "go outside and get some fresh air" before. Breathing fresh air can make us feel more energetic. However, not everyone in the world has the chance to enjoy it. According to a new study from the World Health Organization（WHO）, nine out of every 10 people on the planet breathe polluted air. Polluted air can get deep inside your lungs when you breathe, causing diseases（疾病）like lung cancer（肺癌）and heart disease. Around 7 million people die every year from breathing polluted air. More than 90 percent of these deaths happen in low-and middle-income countries, mainly in Asia and Africa. Among the world's 20 most polluted cities, 14 are in India. Some of the biggest source（来源）of air pollution include factories and vehicles（交通工具）. In some regions, sand and desert dust, as well as the burning of waste, also cause air pollution. Another large source of air pollution can be found in some people's homes. More than 40 percent of the world's population is still using wood stoves or open fires to make meals and heat their homes. This creates harmful particles（颗粒）and gasses indoors. Although this problem is serious, the good news is that countries are taking action to fight it. India has provided 37 million poor women with free liquefied petroleum gas（液化石油气）while Mexico City has created cleaner vehicle standards. Maria Neira, WHO's head of public health, said China has set a good example to the world in improving air quality. "There is a big step at the government level in China declaring war（宣战）on air pollution," she said.21. Which of the following sources may cause air pollution according to the passage? a . factories    b. breathing    c. desert dust    d. open fire    e. liquefied petroleum gas    f. cleaner vehicleA. abc B. cdf. C. bef. D. acd22. What does the underlined word "This" in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. Making meals. B. Heating homes.C. Using wood stoves. D. Burning waste.23. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. There are 14 world's most polluted cities in Africa.B. 7 million people die of lung cancer and heart disease.C. Indian women use liquefied petroleum gas for very little money.D. The head of WHO praised China for its influence on making air cleaner.24. What's the main idea of the passage? A. China has won the war on air pollution.B. 90% people on the planet live in the polluted air.C. Air pollution is a serious problem in Asia and Africa.D. The governments start to pay attention to the sources of air pollution.6In the movie The Day After Tomorrow, global warming causes a second Ice Age. The movie has led to a lot of discussion: Could another Ice Age really be possible?On the first day when the movie was put on, environmental activist group MoveOn. org handed out thousands of leaflets outside theaters. Their message was, “Global warming isn’t just a movie. It’s your future. ” It is now widely accepted that the Earth is getting hotter. One reason for this is the large amount of carbon dioxide in the air, caused by burning coal and petroleum（石油）. In Alaska, temperatures have risen by as much as 4.4℃ over the last 30 years, causing glaciers to melt（冰川融化）, and the sea level to rise. Some scientists say that the tide（潮汐） moves an average of three meters closer to the land each year. This is seen in the Alaskan island village of Shishmaref, where houses are disappearing into the ocean. Soon, the village will be completely under water, and the people living there are already leaving to go to the mainland. However, most scientists believe that climate change could never happen as suddenly as the movie suggests, and that there is a danger that it might cause people to think that global warming is just the movie. But the movie’s director, Richard Emmerich, welcomes the discussion, saying that he wanted to make the movie show that global warming is not just science fiction, but a reality.25. What is the topic of this text?A. Glaciers melting. B. Ice age. C. Global warming. D. Weather.26. Why has the movie led to a lot of discussion?A. Because it shows global warming causes a second Ice Age.B. Because the global warming causes the sea level to rise.C. Because a lot of coal is burned to produce carbon dioxide.D. Because the tide moves about three meters closer to the land.27. What does the underlined word “leaflets” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?A. 海报 B. 树叶 C. 电影票 D. 传单28. What can we infer from the last sentence in Paragraph 3?A. A second Ice Age will come. B. The petroleum will become less.C. The villages will be under water. D. The villagers will think about the topic.29. Most scientists are worried that ________A. climate change will happen suddenly. B. people might not take the situation as a reality.C. the movie director welcomes the discussion. D. people living on islands are leaving for mainland.7Under the Dome, a 103-minute documentary by former news reporter Chai Jing, was released on video-sharing websites in China on Feb 28. It has rapidly pushed the public attention about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference.Chai, 39, said she started the work out of her “personal clashes” with smog( 雾霾)after she gave birth to her daughter, who got cancer when Chai was pregnant. “I closed all the windows. I started every day by checking the air pollution index.” Chai said. Millions of other people are also doing the same. While they stop there, Chai goes deeper. “I don’t want to live in this way. I need to find out where the smog comes from and what on earth is going on.”Over a year, she examined polluted sites to find the sources(根源) of smog, visited the US and the UK to learn about their experience of preventing pollution, and interviewed officials, scientists and the general public. Chai’s research finds that the burning of coal and oil helps to bring about 60 percent of PM2.5 pollutants. So she questions the country’s energy consumption(消费) habits in the film. The film also points at China’s petroleum(石油) and steel industries as the biggest sources of air pollution. Chai goes on to list the things common people can do to help protect the environment.The film has caused national discussion after going online. Some pictures of withered trees, grey skies and babies under treatment because of bad pollution have moved many people. But most importantly, the film looks at solutions that the government and each person can carry out to help.Cheng Chen, a 22-year-old student from Beijing University, found the documentary “very inspiring”. “I used to think it’s not my duty to deal with air pollution–I don’t own a factory or a car,” said Cheng. “But Chai told me we share the same fate(命运) since we breathe the same air and there is a lot I can do.”30. Under the Dome is a documentary mainly about________.A. Chai’s daughter B. the smog C. the cancer31. Chai Jing goes deeper into her work because she wants to________.A. know what has caused smog B. live in this way C. become more famous32. The underlined word “withered” in the 4th paragraph may mean________.A. lively B. dead C. green33. We can learn from the passage that________.A. ordinary people can’t do anything to help protect our environmentB. Chai visited the US and the UK to learn about their sources of smogC. China’s biggest sources of air pollution are from petroleum and steel industries34. We should try to protect the environment because________.A. we share the same fate and we breathe the same airB. all the people were moved by the documentaryC. the film has caused national discussion after going online8Four Shenzhen brands, namely Huawei, Ping An, WeChat and Tencent QQ, have entered the list of the world’s 50 most valuable brands, according to Brand Finance, which recently released their rankings（排名）of the 500 most valuable brands in the world in 2019, the Shenzhen Economic Daily reported.In particular, Huawei, Ping An and WeChat have made great progress in terms of their brand value and rankings this year.With a brand value of US$62.278 billion, Huawei climbed from 25 to 12 this year. Its brand value also increased by 63.7 percent compared with 2018. Ping An increased its brand value by 76.7 percent and took No. 14 with a US$57.626 billion brand valuation.WeChat’s brand value reached US$50.707 billion, up 126.2 percent year on year and rising 27 places.Technology companies continue to dominate Brand Finance’s list this year, as six out of the top 10 most valuable companies are from the technology sector.Amazon is ranked the world’s most valuable brand with a brand value of US$187.9 billion, followed by Apple and Google, each having a brand value of US$153.6 billion and US$142.8 billion, respectively.Traditional sale-companies are losing value and have seen notable changes in the rankings. As the most valuable brand in the world 10 years ago, Walmart has dropped out of the top 10 for the first time this year.Chinese brands have witnessed the fastest growth on the list. The total brand value of all Chinese brands has exceeded US$1.37 trillion, with the technology, banking, insurance and real estate industries showing excellent performance.Among the Chinese brands on the list, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China is ranked the highest at No. 8, with China Construction Bank at 10, and Huawei at 12.The other top 50 Chinese brands are Ping An (14), China Mobile (15), Agricultural Bank of China (16), State Grid Corp of China (18), Bank of China (19), WeChat (20), Tencent QQ (21), Taobao (23), China National Petroleum Corp. (33), Tmall (35), Kweichow Moutai (45) and Sinopec (49).35. What was Wechat’s ranking in 2018A. 27. B. 20. C. 53. D. 47.36. What can we infer from this passage?A. There are 20 technology brands in Top 50.B. Google is the second valuable brand in the world.C. Walmart has ever come back to top 10 once.D. Huawei is not the most valuable brand in China.37. In which section of the newspaper can we find this news?A. Culture. B. Wealth. C. Health. D. Education.38. Which is the reason of Chinese brands having a rapid development?A. Four Shenzhen brands increase their brand value.B. Traditional sale-companies are losing value.C. Technology companies grow quickly these days.D. Chinese brands improve satisfyingly in several different fields.二、阅读回答问题阅读下列短文，回答问题（不得超过7个词）People kill. Animals kill. Animals and people kill for food, or they kill their enemies. People and animals can move around and find something to kill. They can run away from an enemy. They can sometimes kill it if it is necessary.Many kinds of animals eat plants. The plants cannot run away from their enemies. Some plants make poison. If an animal eats part of the plant, it will get sick or die. Animals learn to stay away from these plants. There are many kinds of plants that make poison. Most of them grow in the desert or in the tropics.Today farmers use many kinds of poison on their farms. Most of these poisons come from petroleum(石油), but petroleum is expensive. Scientists collect poisonous plants and study them. Maybe farmers can use cheap poison from plants instead of expensive poison from petroleum in the near future.39. Why do animals and people kill?  ______________________________40. What can people and animals do when meeting an enemy? ______________________________41. How will the animal be if it eats some of the poisonous plant? ______________________________42. Where do most plants that make poison grow? ______________________________43. What may farmers use on their farmers in the future?   ______________________________