备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练(全国通用) 热点20 洪水及山体滑坡的危害

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备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练热点20 洪水及山体滑坡的危害一、阅读理解1Every year landslides cause 25 to 50 deaths and $2 billion in damage in the United States. And in December, a single event killed more than 2000 people in the Philippines. Sending workers to stabilize mountainsides using steel bars can help a lot, but it introduces new difficulties because of dust and loosen heavy, dangerous debris from the work. “It’s a quite dangerous job,” says Giorgio Pezzuto of D’ Appolonia, working with eight other companies. Now there may be an answer: a three-ton robot called Roboclimber.“The idea is to operate a machine far away that can do the stabilizing job without a human being near,”says Pezzuto, manager for the project, which is supported by a European organization. Engineers say that the machine will be faster and cheaper than manual labor. The robot, a large radio-controlled four-legged spider, has cost at least $2 million so far. It should be able to climb mountainsides, drill holes and insert steel bars there. Testing should begin in May.1. The underlined word “event” refers to_____A. earthquake               B. debris             C. dust        D. landslide2. The purpose in writing this text is _____A. to tell people how serious the damage caused by landslides isB. to tell people that sending workers to stabilize mountainsides is a dangerous jobC. to show people how to use a new robotD. to introduce a new robot that can be used to stabilize mountainsides3. What does the robot look like?A. human being         B. spider            C. steel bar        D. a drill4. A landslides cause _____________in damage in the United States Every year .A. 25 to 50 deaths       B. more than 2000 people died C. $2 billion           D. both A and C5. The biggest advantage of this product is that____A. it will be faster and cheaper than manual laborB. it can climb mountainsides, drill holes and insert steel bars there.C. it can do the stabilizing job without human beings nearD. it is like a spider2When the three children arrived at the tunnel, they looked up at the trees above it. “What's happening?” Peter said, “Look at the trees. They’re moving.”He was right. The trees were sliding down the hill. “It’s a landslide,” Roberta said. "There has been a lot of rain. The earth is soft. It is moving and bringing the trees with it."“They are going to fall on the railway line,” Phyllis said. “There’ll be an accident if the train hits them. We must stop the next train.”“How do we do that?” Peter said. “The next train is arriving at 11:29. That’s in five minutes. And the train is only about fifteen kilometers away.”“We can run towards the train and wave to the driver,” Phyllis said. “He won't think there is anything wrong,” Roberta said. “We always wave to him.”“We need something red to wave,” Peter said. “Red is for danger.”“My skirt is red,” Phyllis said. “I’ll tear pieces off.”“Mother will be angry if you do that,” Roberta said. “Skirts are expensive.”“People may die if there is an accident,” Peter said. “Skirts aren't important.”Phyllis tore strips(条) from the bottom of her skirt. “We need sticks to tie the strips to,” Peter said. The children ran to a nearby tree. With his knife, Peter cut off three thin branches. He tied each of the strips of red skirt to one of the branches.“Now we have red flags,” he said. “When we wave these, the engine driver will know something is wrong. He will stop the train and ask us what the matter is.”The children ran through the tunnel and waited at the other side for the train to come. They had to wait for a long time. Peter thought the watch must be wrong, but it was the train that was late. Then, the train arrived. The children waved their flags. Roberta was so excited that she fainted(晕).The engine driver saw the red flags and the children. He knew something was wrong. He stopped the train. Peter and Phyllis ran towards the engine. They shouted to the driver that there were trees on the line. The engine driver climbed down from his engine. He hurried to where Roberta was lying on the ground in a faint. He picked her up and carried her to the train and put her in a comfortable carriage.6. How did the landslide come into being(形成)?A. The earth was too thin to hold the trees. B. The heavy rain washed the earth away.C. The moving train shook the earth down. D. People cut down many trees on the hill.7. What was the danger according to Phyllis?A. The train was running too fast. B. There would be a train accident.C. The children were walking on the railway. D. The landslide was coming to an end.8. What does Peter mean by saying “Skirts aren't important.”?A. That kind of skirts aren't popular. B. That kind of skirts aren't expensive.C. People's lives are more important. D. Children don't need expensive skirts.9. What would happen to Roberta in the end?A. She was killed. B. She had a new watch.C. She moved the trees. D. She was saved.3This spring, the town of Oso saw twice the usual rainfall. When the sun finally shone, LoAnna and Kris's three older kids ran outside. Inside, LoAnna nursed their four-month-old Kristian. Suddenly LoAnna heard a loud noise. She rushed outside in time to see a half-mile-wide mud and sand thundering down the hill toward them, knocking over hundreds of trees.Mudslide(泥流)!LoAnna gathered everyone into the bedroom farthest from the falling hill side and waited.Kris got a call from LoAnna, He hurriedly drove home.Highway 530 was covered with thick sand, fallen trees. Kris had to run home.The mud came up to his knees. Suddenly he heard a woman screaming for help. He pulled through mud, over pieces of houses to the source of the cries.At first, he saw an arm reaching up through the debris. There, a woman, buried under pieces of walls. furniture, and trees. was holding a baby. Finally, he freed the baby. By this time, other citizens had come.After saving the woman, Kris moved on. He was still a mile from home. Ahead lay two fallen houses. He heard a moan. Stepping toward the house, Kris nearly killed himself in the mud. An older man was trapped in house debris. He was twice Kriss weight. He'd have to wait for more help.Just then, Kris heard another man moaning from the second house. Kris pulled away some pieces of the house, but the man was buried too deeply for him.Hearing helicopter(直升飞机) on the roof, Kris climbed up, met a member of the search-and-rescue team and led him to the first man. Then he headed back and kept digging until he could turn the second man over. After the rest of the team arrived, Kris moved on to find his family.Kris finally reached home. It was flooded, but the mud had stopped just shy of the house. His truck was gone, as were LoAnna and the others. He checked cars and houses nearby for survivors, then ran to the command center.Not long after he arrived, he saw his truck coming down the road. LoAnna jumped out.Kris was praised by the Red Cross for his heroics.10. The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to       .A. create an unusual setting of the storyB. introduce the central idea of the storyC. describe a turning point of the storyD. review the main character of the story11. Which of the following is the correct order of the story?a. Kris found a man buried too deeply for him.b. Kris heard a woman screaming for help.c. Kris led a rescue member to save the older man.d. Kris found LoAnna, kids and his truck gone.e. Kris was nearly killed in the mud.A. beacd    B. badec    C. aecbd    D. aedbc12. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?A. Kris saved three persons in all.B. Kris saved the baby by himself.C. Kris pulled the first man out of mud.D. Kris found some survivors near his house.13. Which sentence best shows the central theme in the text?A. Kris got a call from LoAnna.B. He was still a mile from home.C. He saw his truck coming down the road.D. Kris was praised by the Red Cross for his heroics.4As parents, you can help children deal with the fear of natural disasters(自然灾害)and help protect them from being hurt by telling them how disasters happen, and what to do when disasters happen. Here are some tips for you:Find out what disasters are possible in your area by visiting your local library. Think about where your family should go if your house is destroyed. Teach children the warning signs and signals in your area and practice what to do if a disaster happens. Once you know the danger, ask your children to help check the safety in your house. You and your children can also work together on a disaster plan and prepare a disaster box with food, water and necessary tools. If a disaster does happen, pay attention to your children’s behavior. Changes in behavior, for example, acting strangely, mean that your children need help. Allow children to share their feelings about what has happened such as drawing a picture or writing a story. Let friends and neighbors help you if they can. Continue to tell your children that they are loved.14. The passage was written for ________.A. students B. parents C. policemen D. doctors15. When we prepare for a natural disaster, which of the following is necessary?A. A disaster box B. Finding changes in behavior.C. Sharing feelings D. Drawing pictures.16. What are the last four tips mainly about?A. What parents can do before a disaster happens. B. What parents can do when a disaster happensC. Children’s behavior before a disaster happens D. Children’s behavior after a disaster happens.17. Where may you read the passage from?A. A newspaper about history B. A book on drawing and writingC. A book about children’s body language D. An article about human beings and disasters5In late May this year, strong storms passed through Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. The floods(洪水) turned roads into brown rivers.When storm drains get plugged up(雨水下水道被堵塞), rainwater builds up on the streets. It’s the leading cause of weather—related deaths in the United States. A team of local middle school students made a plan for solving this problem.They are sixth-grade students Alyssa Neuber, Bianca Verri and Jose Pirela, all from Downtown Doral Upper School. With the help of their science teacher, they invented a device(装置) to warn city workers when and where there is a danger of flooding.Bianca, one of the team members, said, “All of us have experienced problems with flooding, and we knew we had to do something about it.”One teacher at the school said, “Floods are common in South Florida, and students at our school hope their device will help.”The students’ device uses a laser system(激光系统). When connected to storm drains, the device could warn the city workers if a drain is plugged up. Then the city workers could clean the drain at once.Their project got support from many people. “Our classmates helped us in the beginning to find information about how to use the laser system,” said the team. “We each took on a task that we are good at and then started to work more closely with our science teacher. Class parents who were engineers also helped us a lot.”During the process(过程) the students learned how to work together as a team and trust each other. Each member put in a lot of effort and finally they made it.18. How many students worked together to invent the device?A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.19. What does the device use to warn city workers?A. An internet system. B. A laser system. C. Team Cooperation(合作)Spirit20. What did the students learn while they were inventing the device?A. The science teacher is the most important of all the teachers.B. Class parents can always help them whenever they are in trouble.C. How to work together as a team and trust each other.21. What can be the best title of the passage?A. New Invention to Avoid Floods. B. Three Students. C. A Device to Warn City Workers二、完型填空1What can people do when natural disasters (灾难) happen? Can we stop them? No, we can’t. The only thing we can do is to clean up after the disasters.Last year I met Mr. Flood. It started raining and    22    raining almost a month: the water on the streets got higher and higher every day. We used    23    instead of cars. We lost lots of things, including our businesses, our jobs and our homes. Schools    24    and farms were destroyed. We ran out of food and clean water. In some places the water was higher than the buildings. I felt like we lived in a(n)    25    world.Because of the flood, lots of    26    broke out. Some people died. The soil and other things made the water become very, very    27   . That was in summer time, so though it was raining, the    28    was still high. The hot weather and dirty water made the air very bad. Hospitals didn’t have enough rooms for    29   .When the flood was over, I looked around my city. The word “   30   ” can describe the situation. Everything was destroyed and lots of people were sick, but we were very strong, I think. We had to    31    our city, take care of the sick people, and start our schools again. I just hope that one day, people can stop the natural disasters whenever they happen. After all, people are very clever.22. A. kept B. finished C. stopped D. had23. A. bikes B. trains C. boats D. ships24. A. started B. closed C. opened D. start25. A. water B. fire C. ice D. apple26. A. happiness B. illnesses C. hardness D. hard27. A. dirty B. clean C. clear D. health28. A. temperature B. weather C. water D. food29. A. nurses B. doctors C. patients D. doctor30. A. sad B. beautiful C. good D. happy31. A. rebuild B. return C. remain D. fetch2It was 3:43. Thunder was crashing and the rain was pouring. Suddenly my father rushed into my room. “Adam! Adam! Get up! We’re flooding!” he shouted and shook me by the shoulders. That woke   32   up! I ran downstairs to the basement. It was like a swimming pool. My mother and I immediately started to pick up things and take them upstairs. I had no   33   on, so my feet were quite freezing.Things got worse every minute. Within the next hour, we had moved everything that we could to the first floor. The computer, big-screen television and heavy boxes   34   with our most valuable things were taken to safety.   35   , our piano, sofa, washing machine and water heater were all still down there—being   36   There was nothing we could do.That was the hardest part. Knowing that your home is being destroyed is bad enough, but   37   that you can’t do anything to stop it feels even worse.Water had come in our front door. Rescue   38   were floating in our streets. Mother told me to pack an overnight bag of clothes and valuables and get ready to leave.When it was   39   safe to walk outside, all the people in the neighborhood   40   at the street corner. People became friends, and friends became like family. People   41   each other. We learned later that the National Weather Service had declared the storm a flash flood.I really have   42   something from this flood. I’ve learned what destruction is. I have learned what   43   means. I know in the future, when I watch people’ s lives affected by natural disasters, I can understand them. I will show great pity on them and I will do what I can to help them.32. A. him        B. them      C. her       D. me33. A. hat        B. shoes      C. jacket      D. glasses34. A. covered    B. crowded    C. filled      D. fixed35. A. So        B. And        C. Because    D. However36. A. discovered  B. arranged    C. measured    D. destroyed37. A. realizing    B. knowing    C. telling    D. writing38. A. ships      B. boats        C. cars       D. buses39. A. finally     B. usually       C. exactly    D. certainly40. A. stood      B. walked        C. gathered    D. met41. A. comforted    B. influenced    C. believed    D. worried42. A. learned     B. discovered    C. thought       D. concluded43. A. truth       B. safety         C. value      D. regret 三、短文填空Last summer, I went to a river trek（徒步旅行）with my mother and some British friends. The river was not wide, and the water in it 44. （run）fast. The rocks there were so slippery（滑的）that it was hard for us to walk on. We walked carefully, but the 45. （freeze）water still flooded into our shoes and trousers. I was getting very cold and tired. I wanted to give 46.  but when I saw other kids moving so fast, I felt ashamed（惭愧的）. This encouraged me keep following them, 47.  though I was far behind. It was much 48. （difficult）during the last part of the walk. I became so tired that I lost my footing and fell over several times. But with the help of my mother and my friends, I got to my 49. （foot）and kept going on. At last, we arrived at our destination（目的地）by a waterfall. Everybody jumped into the pool. When it was my turn, I was very 50. （scare）and tried to hide around a corner. My friends noticed this and encouraged me, “Come on, Kevin! You can do it!”51.  my eyes closed, I jumped into the pool too. Although I am not as strong as my British friends, I completed our trek. The experience made me 52. （realize）that perseverance（坚持不懈）was, is, and will always be important to everyone in life! And 53.  I exercise hard every day, I can become strong like my British friends.