备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练(全国通用) 热点14 水力发电与风能的利用

这是一份备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练(全国通用) 热点14 水力发电与风能的利用，文件包含热点14水力发电与风能的利用解析版-备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练全国通用doc、热点14水力发电与风能的利用原卷版-备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练全国通用doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共33页， 欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
1
Tide is the regular rise and fall f the cean level caused by the mvement f the sun, the earth and the mn. It is cnsidered a prmising surce f green energy t prduce electricity in castal areas.
T make use f tidal energy, we need t build tidal pwer statins. The bays and the river muths where the tide is high (the tidal range is mre than 10 metres) are usually perfect sites t build tidal pwer statins. There are many such places in the wrld. Accrding t the IRENA (the Internatinal Renewable Energy Agency), by just using 2% f ur castlines, we can prduce 4, 383TWh f cean pwer each year, enugh t meet 16. 4% f the wrld's electricity needs.
T build a tidal pwer statin, we need t build a dam. In the dam are many turbines and n each turbine there is an electric generatr. When the tide rises, water cmes thrugh the dam, the turbines turn and the electric generatrs wrk, prducing electricity. When the tide fall, water ges ut thrugh the dam, the turbines turn again. The electric generatrs cntinue t wrk.
Tidal energy has it advantages. Using tidal energy t prduce electricity is much cheaper than using the traditinal energy, like cal r gas. Fr example, the Rance Tidal Pwer Statin in France has been there fr ver 50 years, prducing arund 540, 000TWh f electricity each year. The cst is nly 1.3 cents/TWh. Tidal energy can be used nearly 24 hurs a day. As lng as the sun, the earth and the mn exist, we can use it t prduce electricity. But withut sunshine, here is n slar energy. When there is n wind, electric generatrs will nt wrk. In additin, with the develpment f mdern technlgy, tidal energy can be stred and used t prduce electricity cntinuusly. Hwever, we still have sme prblems t slve. It is difficult t build a dam in the sea, and the cst is very high. Mrever, it's expensive t keep a tidal pwer statin in its best cnditin.
Scientists are wrking n them.
1. A tidal pwer statin is best built __________.
A. at a river muth with windB. alng the cast with waves
C. in a bay with tide high enughD. in castal areas with sunshine
2. The underlined wrd "turbine" in Paragraph There is a machine t__________.
A. make the tide rise and fallB. make an electric generatr wrk
C. let water g thrugh the damD. keep the dam in gd cnditin
3. What advantage des tidal energy have?
A. We can use it t get useful tide.B. It can imprve the cean envirnment.
C. We can use it nearly all the time.D. It meets 16. 4% f the electricity needs.
4. Hw can we make better use f tidal energy?
A. By digging mre bays and river muths.
B. By building cheaper tidal pwer statins.
C. By clsing traditinal electric pwer.
D. By using tidal energy t replace ther energy.
2
There are sme interesting facts abut the Nile.
● The Nile is nearly 6, 671 kilmeters lng. It is believed t be the lngest river in the wrld.
● The Nile is a nrth-flwing river in Africa. It lies in the fllwing cuntries: Kenya, Eritrea, Cng, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Egypt, Sudan, Republic f Suth Sudan and Ethipia.
● The Nile is imprtant t Ancient Egypt. There are lts f Ancient Egypt’s places f interest alng the banks f the Nile, such as Luxr and Cair.
● The Nile delta (三角洲) in the nrth f Egypt is where the Nile flws int the Mediterranean Sea. It is arund 160 kilmeters lng and abut ver 240 kilmeters f castline (海岸线). It is rich in agriculture and has been farmed fr thusands f years. Half f Egypt’s ppulatin—arund 40, 000,000 peple live in the Nile Delta area.
● In 1787, the famus Rsetta stne was fund in the Nile Delta in the city f Rsetta. It played a key rle in understanding Egyptian hierglyphics (象形文字).
● The Aswan High Dam (阿斯旺大坝) was built in 1970 t help cntrl the flding f the Nile.
5. Hw many cuntries des the Nile flw thrugh?
A. 9B. 10C. 11D. 12
6. The Nile River flws int the Mediterranean Sea in ______.
A. the Nile deltaB. Luxr
C. SudanD. Uganda
7. What’s the ppulatin f Egypt accrding t the passage?
A. Abut 20,000,000.B. Abut 40,000,000.
C. Abut 60,000,000D. Abut 80,000,000.
8. Which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. The Nile is the widest river in the wrld.
B. The Nile Delta is in the suth f Egypt.
C. The Rsetta stne is imprtant t the hierglyphics.
D. The Aswan High Dam can stp the flding f the Nile.
9. Where can we find this passage prbably?
A. In a newspaper.B. In a nvel.
C. In a strybk.D. In a science magazine.
3
In the mdern age, human sciety runs n energy. Mst machines need electricity t perate. Humans cannt live withut electricity even a single day in their daily life and wrk. They have many different ways t create electricity. But sme ways are harmful t the envirnment.
Fr example, fssil fuels (化石燃料) are the mst cmmn kind f energy.They include cal, il, and natural gas. First, peple have t dig them frm the grund. This can smetimes harm the envirnment. Hwever, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways t d that these days. S the envirnment is nt harmed as much as befre. But when peple burn these fssil fuels, they can give ff a lt f harmful gases, which is cnsidered t be ne f the greatest causes f glbal warning. This might harm the envirnment.
Tidal (潮汐) energy is anther way t make electricity. This uses the cean tides t make electricity. But sme kinds f tidal energy can kill many fish and ther sea animals. Als dams (大坝) can create lts f clean energy. But dams create lakes and change the way that rivers run. S they can d great harm t the balance f nature arund the lakes and alng the rivers.
Nuclear (核) energy is a very pwerful frm f energy. It is cheap. It is als very clean. But many peple are afraid f it because it uses radiactive materials. Als, there have been sme very serius accidents in the past which caused great harm t human and nature. But the technlgy is much better these days. s many cuntries are starting t use nuclear energy mre.
10. In Paragraph I the underlined part “human sciety runs n energy” means “______”.
A. humans in the sciety waste much energyB. peple use energy t make the wrld wrk
C. ur sciety is full f varied kinds f energyD. humans cannt run fast withut energy
11. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is TRUE abut fssil fuels?
A. They are dug frm the grund.B. They are cnsidered expensive.
C. They hardly harm the envirnment.D. They are nt widely used in the wrld
12. Frm the passage, we knw that tidal energy can ______.
A. cause serius accidentsB. change the way that rivers run
C. give ff a lt f harmful gasesD. kill many living things in the cean
13. Many cuntries start t use nuclear energy mre because ______.
A. it’s a cmmn kind f energyB. peple are nt afraid f it nw
C. it’s cheap, clean and safer than befreD. peple can’t live withut it
14. The passage is prbably in the part f ______ in a newspaper.
A. healthB. scienceC. cultureD. sprts
4
The cean can be a great place t swim and play, it may als be useful in anther way. Sme scientists think that waves culd help make electricity.
“Have yu ever been n a surfbard r bat and felt yurself being lifted up by a wave?” asked Jamie Taylr f the Wave Energy Grup in Sctland. “There is certainly a lt f energy in waves.”
Scientists are wrking n using that energy t make electricity. The United States and a few ther cuntries have started ding research n wave energy, and it is already being used in Sctland.
Mst waves are created when winds blw acrss the cean. “The winds start ut by making little ripples (波纹) in the water, but if they keep n blwing, thse ripples get bigger and bigger and turn int waves,” Taylr said. “Waves are ne f nature’s ways f picking up energy and then sending it ff n a jurney.”
When waves cme twards the cast, peple can set up dams(大坝) t blck the water and send it thrugh a large wheel called a turbine(涡轮). The turbine can then pwer an electrical generatr(发电机).
We will never run ut f wave pwer. Besides, wave energy des nt create the same pllutin as il and cal d.
Oceans cver three quarters f the earth’s surface. That wuld make wave pwer seem perfect fr creating energy arund the wrld. But there are sme disadvantages that need us t pay mre attentin t.
Jamie Taylr said that wave pwer still cst t much mney. He said that its influence n animals in the sea is still unknwn. Besides, wave pwer wuld get in the way f fishing and bat traffic.
With mre research, “Many f these prblems might be slved,” Taylr said. “Finding mre energy surces(资源) is very imprtant, fr traditinal surces f energy like il and gas may run ut sme day.”
In the future, when yu turn n a light buttn, an cean wave culd be prviding the electricity!
15. We can learn frm the passage that__________________.
A. almst every cuntry is making use f the wave pwer at present
B. it is necessary fr us t develp wave pwer instead f il and cal
C. wave pwer will be sure t make sme bad influence n sea animals
D. scientists are making effrts t find new ways f fishing and bat traffic
16. What des the furth paragraph tell us?
A. Why scientists are ding the research n wave pwer.
B. What experience that scientists have achieved s far.
C. Hw the wave energy frms and grws bigger.
D. Which cuntries are trying ut wave pwer.
17. What’s the writer’s attitude twards wave pwer?
A. The writer believes that wave pwer will be used widely by man.
B. The writer dubts if wave energy can be changed int electricity.
C. The writer is sure the experiments will cme t the end sme day.
D. The writer thinks that wave pwer isn’t wrth researching at all.
18. What can be the best title fr the passage?
A. Sea Animals and Wave Pwer.
B. Hw D We Get Wave Energy?
C. The Advantages f Wave Pwer.
D. Can Waves Make Electricity?
5
Water can prvide enugh energy fr a pwer statin. Find ut hw it wrks in this activity. All yu need is yur hands and a few simple materials:
★ a large plastic bttle ★ a pencil ★ a straw (吸管) ★ a knife
★ scissrs ★ a piece f string ★ a drawing pin (图钉) ★ tape
Step 1. Cut the tp ff a large plastic bttle. Use a drawing pin and a pencil t make six hles arund the base.
Step 2. Cut a straw int six pieces abut 2cm lng. Push them int the hles and secure (固定) them with tape.
Step 3. Make three hles at the tp f the bttle and tie a piece f string thrugh each hle. Then tie the strings t a furth piece f string (the string shuld be abut the same length).
Step 4. Over the sink r utdrs, pur sme water int the bttle. As water runs ut f the straws, the bttle will spin arund.
What’s ging n? The energy frm the water running ut f the hles makes the bttle spin arund. Falling water and its energy are used n a much larger scale at hydrelectric pwer statins(水电站). The water turns huge wheels, called turbines. These drive machines called generatrs that prduce electricity.
19. The main purpse f the text is t .
A. describe a pwer statinB. intrduce water pwer
C. shw different materialsD. encurage water recycling
20. Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the hles in the bttle?
A. There are 9 hles in all in the bttle.B. They are at the tp f the bttle.
C. They are used fr running water.D. They must be the same size.
21. In this experiment, energy is prduced when .
A. the bttle spins arundB. water runs ut f the straws
C. the strings are tied tgetherD. the straw is cut int 6 pieces
22. What can yu get frm Step 2?
A. B. C. D.
23. Yu can find this passage in a magazine abut _______.
A. mathB. musicC. histryD. physics
6
Wind pwer is a very clean surce f energy. This is hw wind pwer wrks. Wind makes windmills (风车) spin(旋转).When the windmills spin, they make electricity that we use.
A lt f peple think that wind pwer is new, but that’s nt true. Fr thusands f years, peple have used wind t sail bats and mve water. We still d thse things tday, but these days we mstly use wind pwer t make electricity.
Wind pwer is a very ppular surce f energy. Mst peple think that we shuld use it mre and mre. First f all, it’s clean. Windmills dn’t pllute the envirnment at all. Secnd, we can use wind pwer frever. After all, we will always have wind. Als, wind pwer is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.
A lt f peple dn’t understand wind pwer very well. They believe that there are prblems with wind pwer, but many f thse prblems are nt real. Fr example, sme peple say that windmills are dangerus fr birds. They used t be true, but it isn’t true anymre. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slwly, and they aren’t dangerus fr birds.
Hwever, there are real prblems with windmills. One prblem is that many peple think windmills are very ugly. This is a prblem fr peple, because windmills are ften in very pretty areas. Als, wind desn’t blw all the time, s we can’t use wind pwer all the time. Finally windmills are nisy.
Wind pwer is becming mre and mre cmmn. Right nw, mre than 80 cuntries use wind pwer. Abut 2.5 percent f the wrld’s pwer cmes frm the wind. Fr sme cuntries, that number is a lt higher. Wind pwer gives Denmark mre than 25 percent f its electricity.
24. New windmills dn’t kill birds because ________.
A. birds dn’t fly near themB. they are shrter than ld windmills
C. they spin slwlyD. new windmills dn’t spin
25. Peple started using wind pwer ________.
A. ver 1,000 years agB. abut 500 years ag
C. abut 80 years agD. abut 25 years ag
26. We can’t use wind pwer all the time because ________.
A. we can’t use windmills at nightB. windmills break all the time
C. wind desn’t blw all the timeD. windmills are t expensive t use all the time
27. Which f the fllwing is RIGHT accrding t the passage?
A. Mst peple dn’t like wind pwer.B. Denmark desn’t use wind pwer.
C. Wind pwer is getting mre expensive.D. Wind pwer is getting cheaper.
28. The best title fr the passage is ________.
A. Dangerus BirdsB. Ppular and Clean Wind Pwer
C. Cheap and Clean EnvirnmentD. Expensive Windmills
7
When humans try t make the best use f the nature, it als fights against us at the same time. As a result, many natural treasures are disappearing(消失) quietly these years.
The Himalayan Glaciers (冰山)
The Himalayan glaciers are melting(融化) faster than ever at speed f 33-49 feet every year because f the rising temperature. Melting glaciers culd bring t much water t India, China, and Nepal and break dwn living places fr lts f animals. And fr muntain climb, they may face mre dangerus challenges.
Yangtze Area
Our cute pandas are living in the frests f the Yangtze area f China. Their hme used t be beautiful and big. But humans cut dwn t many trees, s their living areas are becming smaller and smaller. Fd is als less and less. The Three Grges Dam(三峡大坝), the largest dam in histry, is als breaking dwn the Yangtze River area.
Amazn Rain Frest
________ Hwever, rising temperature and ver tree-cutting are changing the frest's rle int carbn sink(碳汇集地), making 30-60% f the rainfrest int dry places. Scientists shw the frest culd disappear cmpletely by 2050.
29. may cause the Himalayan Glaciers t melt.
A. Cutting dwn treesB. T many Wars
C. Peple's visitsD. The rising temperature
30. Accrding t the passage, cute pandas are facing .
A. fd prblemsB. sleeping prblems
C. birth prblemsD. health prblems
31. Which sentence can be the missing part in Para.4?
A. The Amazn is seriusly plluted.
B. Different kinds f animals in the Amazn died.
C. The Amazn has ne-fifth f the wrld's fresh water.
D. Peple dn't like traveling in the Amazn.
32. Which d yu think is the best title f the passage?
A. The disappearing natural treasures
B. Animals are dying ut
C. Peple prtected nature very well
D. The melting glaciers in the wrld
8
Think abut the different ways that peple use the wind. Yu can use it t fly a kite r t sail a bat. Wind is ne f ur cleanest and richest pwer surces (来源), as well as ne f the ldest. Evidence shws that windmills(风车) began t be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first intrduced t Eurpe during the 1100s, when armies returned frm the Middle East with knwledge f using wind pwer.
Fr many centuries peple used windmills t grind (磨碎) wheat int flur r pump water frm deep undergrund. When electricity was discvered in the late 1800s, peple living in remte areas began t use them t prduce electricity. This allwed them t have electric lights and radi. Hwever by the 1940s when electricity was available t peple in almst all areas f the United States windmills were rarely used.
During the 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then wind was rediscvered(重新利用) thugh it means higher csts. Tday there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
33. Frm the text we knw that windmills_________.
A. were invented by Eurpean armies
B. have a histry f mre than 2¸900 years
C. were used t supply pwer t radi in remte areas
D. have rarely been used since electricity was discvered
34. What was a new use fr wind pwer in the late 19th century?
A. Sailing a bat.B. Prducing electricity.
C. Grinding wheat int flur.D. Pumping water frm undergrund.
35. One f the reasns wind was rediscvered in the 1970s is that _________.
A. wind pwer is cleanerB. it is ne f the ldest pwer surces
C. it was cheaper t create energy frm windD. the supply f cal and gas failed t meet needs
36. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The advantages f wind pwer.B. The design f wind pwer plants.
C. The wrldwide mvement t save energy.D. The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind.
二、完型填空
1
Oil is nt the nly surce f pwer in Suth America. Many cuntries rely n anther liquid-water. Many f the America's big rivers are 37 t make hydrelectric pwer(水电), r electricity prduced by cntrlling the frce f flwing water.
Suth America's biggest hydrelectric plant is Itaipu Dam, lcated n the brder f Paraguay and Brazil. This massive dam stretch acrss the Parana River. 38 wrkers culd even begin building the dam, they had t shift(移动) the Parana River arund the cnstructin site(工地). They did this by 39 a 2-kilmeter channel arund the dam site.
This prject alne tk nearly three years.
The gvernments f Paraguay and Brazil wrk tgether t run the hydrelectric plants at Itaipu Dam. The cuntries split the lw- cst electricity 40 here. Bth cuntries benefit frm this agreement. Paraguay is a smaller cuntry than Brazil and it desn't need nearly as much electricity. In fact, Itaipu Dam prduces far mre electricity than the whle cuntry f Paraguay can use!
S Paraguay earns mney by 41 its excess(多余的) electricity t Brazil. This electricity helps light up Brazil's biggest city Sa Paul.
Itaipu Dam brings mney t the regin in anther way as well. As ne f the engineering wnders f the mdern wrld, Itaipu Dam has becme a majr 42 attractin.
37. A. pickedB. spentC. usedD. brrwed
38. A. UntilB. BefreC. WhenD. After
39. A. diggingB. pullingC. mvingD. tuching
40. A. discveredB. prducedC. fundD. sld
41. A. buildingB. buyingC. settingD. selling
42. A. waiterB. actrC. cnductrD. turist
2
The Warrens are a cmmn family. Hwever, this cmmn family has dne smething 43 . A few years ag, they mved t the cuntryside and built a huse which was pwered (提供动力) by the wind and the sun!
Mr. Warren wanted his family t play a rle in 44 the planet, s he read a lt abut the electrical system. Then, he 45 t create electricity t pwer everything they needed fr their daily lives.
The kids were 46 at first. “Will we still be able t watch TV? What abut the cmputer?” they asked. “Dn’t wrry at all,” said their father. “Just because we are ging t create ur wn electricity desn’t mean we have t live in the 47 .”
“We are ging t set up a wind generatr (发电机),” explained Mrs. Warren. “Wind is a great way t 48 electricity. It’s nt nly free but als clean. The wind desn’t blw all the time, thugh. That’s 49 we need t stre (储存) ur pwer. Then, when there is n wind, we will still have pwer t run everything in ur huse.”
Mr. Warren added, “We are als ging t cllect 50 frm the sun and turn it int electricity. S, when the wind blws, we have pwer. When the 51 shines, we have pwer, t.”
It’s easy t see that the family really 52 renewable energy. Nw, they are living happily in their self-pwered cuntryside hme.
43. A. nrmalB. specialC. similarD. private
44. A. savingB. breakingC. greetingD. examining
45. A. failedB. agreedC. decidedD. refused
46. A. angryB. wrriedC. happyD. interested
47. A. springB. mmentC. pastD. dark
48. A. shtB. wasteC. reduceD. prduce
49. A. hwB. whyC. whichD. where
50. A. scenesB. energyC. rubbishD. bjects
51. A. starB. lightC. sunD. mn
52. A. trusts inB. calls inC. shuts ffD. cuts dwn
三、阅读填表
Wind is a pwerful frce. Wind energy may cause the great waves(浪)in the wrld’s ceans. Winds can help create pwerful strms, but wind is a frce yu can’t see but can surely feel. Its pwer can be used t create electricity fr cities and the cuntryside.
Wind can als shw peple’s feeling r ideas in American English. Let’s start with a simple ne. If yu run like the wind, yu can run very fast. After running, smetimes yu can feel full f energy. The runner gets what we call a secnd wind. We use it when we are tired, but then get mre energy t finish smething. Fr example, smetimes I feel tired after wrk. But after a shrt rest and a cup f tea, I get my secnd wind.
If yu are ding smething difficult, it is gd t have the wind at yur back. In this way, it is easier t g frward. It’s always mre difficult t d smething in a strng wind-unless yu are sailing.
Knwing the directin f the wind is the mst imprtant part f sailing. When wind fills a sail, it makes the bat g faster. If yu take the wind ut f smene’s sails, yu prevent them frm reaching their gals. Yu create a barrier(障碍)r stp them in sme way. In life, it’s lucky t have friends wh want t fill yur sails with wind and nt take it ut.
Let’s turn frm sailing t music. Many sngwriters use the image(形象)f wind in their sngs. If smething such as an idea is blwing in the wind, it is being discussed but has yet t be decided. When a singer sings “yu dn’ t need a weatherman t knw which way the wind blws”, he means that yu dn’t need smene in pwer t make sure f smething fr yu. Just trust yurself when yu knw which way the wind blws, yu knw what is ging n.
Nw yu knw which way the wind blws. Then hw can yu use them prperly? First, read them alud and keep them in mind. Then, practice using them and test yurself. Yu knw, practice makes perfect.
D yu knw which way the wind blws?
A pwerful frce in nature
Wind energy is ne f 53. f great waves, pwerful strm and electricity.
54. n wind
Abut running
◆A persn wh runs like the wind is a very fast runner.
◆The runner wh gets 55. after running feels full f energy again.
Abut sailing
◆When yu get a sail wind, the bat will g faster.
◆ Yu are unlucky t have a friend wh feels like taking the wind ut f yur sail because yur friend is 56. f yu.
Abut music
◆The image f wind is used by many sngwriters.
◆When an idea is blwing in the wind, it hasn’t been decided and needs 57. . When yu knw which way the wind blws, yu knw what is ging n.
Suggestins f learning
◆Read them alud and remember them.
◆Practice using them and test yurself.