备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练(全国通用) 热点17 闪电的成因及危害预防

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备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练
热点17 闪电的成因及危害预防

一、阅读理解
1
Lighting is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena（现象）. It is also one of the most deadly phenomena. A bolt of lightning is six times hotter than the surface（表面）of the Sun and gives out 30,000 amps of electricity（电）. It can travel at 100, 000 kilometres per hour and has the ability to hit a target up to 40 kilometres away. About 1, 000 people around the world are killed by lightning every day.
Only about ten percent of people struck by lightening will actually die, but the others are actually very badly injured, with burns, broken bones, blindness, deafness, paralysis, or memory loss. However, when the electricity passes through their brain, it can occasionally have unusual and even positive effects. Some blind people have got their sight back after being struck by lightning. One woman said a psychological test showed her intelligence （智力）had greatly improved, and one man said he could no longer feel cold at all and could go out in temperature below freezing in just a T-shirt!
So what should you do to stay safe in a thunderstorm? The most important rule is to stay inside, but do not go near phones, electrical appliances, plumbing, or water. If you are stuck outside, do not take shelter under a tree. Instead, roll yourself up into a ball on the ground as small as possible. And do not think it has to be raining in order for lightning to strike.
Strangely, lightning seems to prefer some people to others. If you are a man, you are six times more likely to be struck by lightning than a woman!
1. What docs the phrase “positive effects” in Paragraph Two possibly mean?
A. something good B. something bad
C. something useful D. something useless
2. In order to stay safe in a thunderstorm, you should do the following EXCEPT ________.
A. stay inside B. roll up into a ball
C. take shelter under a tree D. stay away from water
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?________
A. Lightning is a beautiful but dangerous phenomenon.
B. Most people struck by lightning will actually die.
C. Lightning can travel at 10,000 kilometres per hour.
D. A woman is more likely to be struck by lightning than a man.
4. The writer uses the examples of a man and a woman in Paragraph Two to________.
A. show lightning is very dangerous to human beings
B. make the readers want to know more about lightning
C. help people know lightning will surely improve their intelligence
D. prove something surprising, interesting may happen because of lightning
5. You may read this passage in________.
A. a story book B. a science magazine
C. a tour guide book D. an advertisement
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B
【解析】本文是科普知识类阅读，介绍了自然现象闪电的相关知识。闪电是最美丽的自然现象之一，但也是最致命的现象之一，它有好处也有坏处，就如何避免闪电作者给出了一些建议。
1. 词义猜测题。根据“Some blind people have got their sight back after being struck by lightning”，结合作者举的两个例子，可知被闪电击中也有好处，positive effect是指积极的影响；something good符合题意，故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据“If you are stuck outside, do not take shelter under a tree”，可知躲在树下是不安全的；take shelter under a tree不可取，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Lightning is one of the most beautiful natural phenomena. It is also one of the most deadly phenomena”，可知闪电是一种美丽但也危险的自然现象，故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据“However, when the electricity passes through their brain, it can occasionally have unusual and even positive effects”，结合下文所举的两个例子，可知被闪电击中也有好处，作者是为了说明闪电也会产生不寻常的，甚至是积极的影响；prove something surprising, interesting may happen because of lightning“证明一些令人惊讶、有趣的事情可能会因为闪电而发生”符合题意，故选D。
5. 推理判断题。根据短文内容，介绍的是闪电，被闪电击中的一些有趣现象以及如何防止雷击，因此更可能在科学杂志上能看到此篇文章，故选B。
2
Lightning(闪电)is shocking, and it happens all over the world! Scientists think that there are more than three million lightning strikes(袭击)every day in the world-that’s thirty strikes every second.
Lightning can also be very dangerous. Every year, lightning kills people because it can start big fires or because it reaches temperatures up to 28,000 degrees centigrade. American Roy Sullivan, who worked in a park, holds the record for surviving the most lightning strikes. Between 1942 and 1983, he was hit seven times!
So, why does lightning strike? Lightning strikes happen when ice and water in clouds rub(摩擦)together, and cause atmospheric(大气层的)changes. When this happens, it creates a static charge(静电电荷). Lightning can strike inside the cloud, between two clouds and between a cloud and Earth. It’s the last type of strike that is the most dangerous for humans. About 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result.
Lightning is certainly not something______ When lightning strikes, it’s best to stay inside a large building. To stay safe, do not stand under trees, on hills or near water. Trees attract lightning. Also, do not lie down on the ground, otherwise the electricity may go through you and cause a heart disease.
6. Lightning strikes ________.
A. happen three billion times each day
B. will start when there are big fires
C. can reach very high temperatures
D. kill all those who work in a park
7. What does “surviving” in paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A. 目睹 B. 幸存 C. 制造 D. 遇难
8. We can infer(推断)from paragraph 3 that ________.
A. lightning strikes are caused whenever ice and water meet
B. lightning between two clouds is the most dangerous for humans
C. lightning strikes create static charge
D. about one tenth of the people struck by lightning die every year in America
9. Which expression means “to toy with” in the last paragraph?
A. to play with B. to take seriously
C. to show off D. to take it easy
10. Where’s the best place to be when lightning strikes?
A. On top of a hill. B. In a swimming pool.
C. In a tree. D. Inside a large building.
【答案】6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. D
【解析】这篇文章讲述闪电的杀伤力和世界上的一些点击事例，以及闪电来袭时的躲避技巧。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Every year, lightning kills people because it can start big fires or because it reaches temperatures up to 28,000 degrees centigrade.可以得出选择C。句意：闪电袭击有时会达到很高的温度。故选C。
7. 词义猜测题。根据划线词的后一句Between 1942 and 1983, he was hit seven times!在1942-1983年间，他被雷电击中了7次。故此处表示他幸存下来。故选B。
8. 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句About 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result. 可知在美国每年有十分之一的人被闪电击中。故选D。
9. 词义猜测题。根第三段最后一句据About 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result.可知闪电袭击会导致人死亡，因此闪电不是可以玩的东西，故选A。
10. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的When lightning strikes, it’s best to stay inside a large building. 可知当闪电来袭，最佳的停留地点是在一栋建筑物里。故选D。
点睛：认真阅读题干，根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句和段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，推理判断和概括归纳，选出正确的选项。例如小题3，根据第三段最后一句About 1,000 people get struck by lightning every year in the United States, and about 100 of them die as a result. 可知在美国每年有十分之一的人被闪电击中。故选D。
3
In earliest times, men considered lightning to be one of the great mysteries of nature. Some ancient people believed that lighting and thunder were the weapons(武器) of the gods. In reality, lightning is a flow(流动) of electricity formed high above the earth. A single flash of lighting 1.6 kilometers long has enough electricity to light one million light bulbs(灯泡).
The American scientist, Benjamin Franklin, was the first to show the connection between electricity and lightning in 1752. In the same year, he also built the first lightning rod (避雷针). This device(装置物) protects buildings from being damaged by lighting.
Modern science has discovered that one stroke(闪击) of lightning has a voltage(电压) of more than 15 million volts. A flash of lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.
Scientists judge that there are about 2,000 million flashes of lightning per year. Lightning hits the Empire State Building in New York City 30 to 48 times a year. In the United States alone it kills an average(平均数) of one person every day.
The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car. Outside, one should go to low ground and not get under trees. Also, one should stay out of water and away from metal fences. Inside a house, people should avoid open doorways and windows and not touch wires or metal things.
With lightning, it is better to be safe than sorry?
11. The underlined word “volts” in the passage means in Chinese.
A. 瓦特 B. 伏特 C. 欧姆
12. According to the passage what do you think all buildings need?
A. Electricity. B. Machines. C. Lightning rods.
13. Lightning can travel .
A. not so quickly as electricity B. at very high speed C. as quickly as water
14. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. All ancient people thought lightning came from gods.
B. In the U.K. about one person per day dies from lightning.
C. A closed car is the safest place to be during an electrical storm.
15. What’s the best title for this passage?
A. Keep away from lightning
B. The introduction of lightning
C. The importance of lightning rods
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】本文主要向我们介绍了闪电以及遇到雷暴时应该怎么做。
11. 词句猜测题。分析“Modern science has discovered that one stroke(闪击) of lightning has a voltage(电压) of more than 15 million volts.”可知，volts是表示电压的单位，所以翻译为“伏特”。故选B。
12. 推理判断题。根据“In the same year, he also built the first lightning rod (避雷针). This device(装置物) protects buildings from being damaged by lighting.”可知，避雷针保护建筑物不受闪电损坏，所以避雷针是所有建筑物需要的。故选C。
13. 推理判断题。分析“A flash of lightning between a cloud and the earth may be as long as 13 kilometers, and travel at a speed of 30 million meters per second.”可知，在云层和地球之间的闪电可能长达13公里，以每秒3000万米的速度传播。所以闪电的速度非常快。故选B。
14. 推理判断题。A：古代人都认为闪电来自神。根据“Some ancient people believed that lighting and thunder were the weapons(武器) of the gods.”可知，人一些认为闪电来自神，并不是所有，该项表述错误；B：在英国，每天大约有一人死于闪电。根据“In the United States alone it kills an average(平均数) of one person every day.”可知，在美国，每天大约有一人死于闪电，并不是英国，该项表述错误C：在雷电交加的时候，封闭的汽车是最安全的地方。根据“The safest place to be in case of an electrical storm is in a closed car.”可知，遇到雷暴时，最安全的地方是关着的车里，该项表述正确。故选C。
15. 最佳标题题。A：远离闪电；B：闪电的介绍；C：避雷针的重要性。分析文章内容可知，本文主要向我们介绍了闪电以及遇到雷暴时应该怎么做。故选B。
4
It's very common to see lightning storms(雷雨) in summer. Some people don't take them carefully. In fact, lightning storms are very dangerous for people, and they can even kill people.
So how do we keep safe during a lightning storm?
If you are indoors, stay away from windows and doors during a lightning storm. Don't take a shower or do the dishes because lightning can travel through water. Turn off the TV and computer. My computer was broken, so I learned it the hard way. Never use the phone. Lightning can travel through the phone line and hit you.
If you are outdoors during a lightning storm, never take shelter(庇护) under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you. Stay away from anything that is metal(金属). Try to get in your car and close all the windows, or go into a nearby building right away. If there's no building around, try to find a low place to stay in. Squat(蹬) down near the ground and put your hands over your ears. Never use a cellphone.
16. When are the lightning storms common?
A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In autumn. D. In winter.
17. What can you do if you are indoors during a lightning storm?
A. Watch TV. B. Take a shower.
C. Stay away from windows. D. Play computer games.
18. What can't you do if you are outdoors during a lightning storm?
A. Stand under a tree. B. Get into your car.
C. Go into a nearby building. D. Squat down near the ground.
19. What is the best title for the passage?
A. What a Lightning Storm Is
B. How to Take Shelter During a Lightning Storm
C. How to Stay Away from a Lightning Storm
D. How to Keep Safe in a Lightning Storm
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D
【解析】本文主要讲述在雷雨期间如何保持安全。如果你在室内，在雷雨期间，你要远离门窗。不要洗澡，也不要洗碗。关掉电视和电脑。如果你在户外遇到雷雨，千万不要躲在树下，因为闪电会击中树，穿过树而击中你。远离任何金属制品。试图上车并关上所有的窗户，或者立刻去附近的大楼。如果周围没有建筑物，试着找一个低矮的地方待着。蹲下，尽量靠近地面，双手捂住耳朵。不要使用手机。
16. 题意：闪电暴风雨什么时候常见？考查细节理解题。A. In spring在春天；B. In summer在夏天；C. In autumn在秋天；D. In winter在冬天。根据第一段第一句It's very common to see lightning storms(雷雨) in summer.（夏天雷雨是很常见的。）可知选B。
17. 题意：在雷雨期间，如果你在室内你能做些什么？考查细节理解题。A. Watch TV.看电视；B. Take a shower.洗澡；C. Stay away from windows.远离窗户；D. Play computer games.玩电脑游戏。根据第三段第一句If you are indoors, stay away from windows and doors during a lightning storm.（如果你在室内，在雷雨期间远离窗户和门。）可知如果你在室内你要远离窗户；故选C。
18. 题意：在雷雨期间，如果你在户外你不能做什么？考查细节理解题。A. Stand under a tree. 站在树下；B. Get into your car. 上车吧；C. Go into a nearby building.去附近的一栋大楼；D. Squat down near the ground.蹲在地下。根据第四段第一句If you are outdoors during a lightning storm, never take shelter(庇护) under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.（如果你在户外遇到雷雨，千万不要躲在树下，因为闪电会击中树，然后通过树去击中你。）可知“在雷雨期间，如果你在户外你不能站在树下”，可知选A。
19. 题意：这篇文章最好的标题是什么？考查主旨理解题。A. What a Lightning Storm Is雷雨是什么；B. How to Take Shelter During a Lightning Storm在雷雨中如何躲避；C. How to Stay Away from a Lightning Storm如何避开雷雨；D. How to Keep Safe in a Lightning Storm如何在雷雨中保持安全。本文主要讲述在雷雨期间如何保持安全。故答案为D。
5
Scientists say they’ve developed a new system(系统). It can use “machine learning” to predict when and where lightning(闪电) will strike(闪击). The research was led by engineers from Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated(估算) between 6, 000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power cuts, destroy houses and start forest fires. For these reasons, some climate scientists have studied to develop methods to predict and control lightning. But no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The new system is being tested in the experiments(实验). It used a combination of data(数据资料) from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model. It was trained to tell weather conditions that were possible to cause lightning.
The model was created with some data. The data was collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to(与……有关) four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity(相对湿度) and wind speed.
The atmospheric(大气的) data was put into a machine learning algorithm(计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student who led the development of the new system. He said, “Common systems for collecting such data are slow and complex, and they require expensive collection equipment(设备) like radar or satellites (卫星).”
“Our system uses data that can be gotten from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in the areas which are not covered by radar and satellites or in places where communication systems have been cut,” he added.
24. According to the passage, the strikes can’t cause ________.
A. power cuts B. earthquakes
C. forest fires D. the death of people
25. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5?
A. The lightning strike. B. The system being tested.
C. The machine learning algorithm. D. The atmospheric data.
26. What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us?
A. Where weather stations should be built.
B. How the machine learning algorithm works.
C. The advantages of the new system in data collection.
D. The new system has effectively predicted lightning in faraway areas.
27. Which of the following statements about the new system is TRUE?
A. Its prediction model has been tested for 12 years.
B. It has been put into use in cities and mountain areas widely.
C. The new system requires expensive collection equipment to collect data.
D. It uses machine learning to predict the time and places of lightning strikes.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家们开发出的一种能有效地预测闪电的机器，来减少闪电袭击带来的危害和损失。
24. 细节理解题。根据“European researchers have estimated(估算) between 6, 000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year”及“The strikes can also cause power cuts, destroy houses and start forest fires”可知，能导致人的死亡，停电、毁坏房屋和引发森林火灾，故选B。
25. 词义猜测题。根据“The atmospheric(大气的) data was put into a machine learning algorithm(计算程序), which compared it to records of lightning strikes”可知，此处是指将大气的数据与闪电袭击的记录相比较，所以it指代“The atmospheric data”，故选D。
26. 主旨大意题。根据“Our system uses data that can be gotten from any weather station…”可知，最后两段讲述的是这种新系统在数据收集方面的优势，故选C。
27. 推理判断题。根据“ It can use “machine learning” to predict when and where lightning(闪电) will strike”可知，它可以使用“机器学习”来预测闪电何时何地会发生，D表述正确，故选D。
二、完型填空
1
A little girl walked to and from school every day. One day in the morning, she made her daily trip to school though 28 gathered（聚集）in the sky. When school was over, with books in her schoolbag, the little girl walked home. On the way home, wind blew hard and trees 29 from side to side in the wind. Rain poured down.
The mother worried that her daughter would be afraid 30 flashes of lighting (闪电). So the mother drove to her daughter’s school 31 . On the way to school, the mother saw the little girl 32 alone in the rain. When a flash of lightening came, the little girl stopped, looked up and 33 . Another flash of lightening followed. The little girl stopped, looked up and smiled. A third time, the little girl stopped, looked up and smiled. With the coming of the following flashes of lightning, the little girl repeated the 34 thing again.
After the little girl got 35 the car, the mother wondered 36 she stopped, looked up and smiled when lightning came. With a bright smile, replied the girl, “Mom, when a flash of lighting came, I felt a bit 37 . But God would take a picture of me. I knew he was playing an interesting game with me to drive away my fear（恐惧）.”
You see, if you look at the world from a different view, the world is really amazing.
28. A. wind B. clouds C. ice D. snow
29. A. shook B. shone C. showed D. swept
30. A. with B. on C. to D. of
31. A. at a time B. day by day C. in a hurry D. all day long
32. A. walks B. to walk C. walked D. walking
33. A. stopped B. smiled C. looked D. sounded
34. A. same B. different C. boring D. relaxing
35. A. in B. into C. out D. out of
36. A. why B. what C. how D. when
37. A. happy B. afraid C. strange D. excited
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一个女孩在雨中笑对闪电的故事，她认为每一次闪电都是上帝给她照了一次相，这个故事教育我们从不同的角度看世界，世界会很神奇。
28. 句意：一天早晨，尽管天空云朵聚集，她还是开始每天的学校之旅。
wind风；clouds云；ice冰；snow雪。根据“...gathered（聚集）in the sky.”可知，在天空聚集的应该是云。故选B。
29. 句意：在回家的路上，风吹的厉害，树在风中摇动。
shook摇动；shone发光；showed展示；swept扫除。根据“wind blew hard and trees ... from side to side in the wind. ”可知，风会把树吹的左右摇动。故选A。
30. 句意：妈妈担心她的女儿害怕闪电。
with和；on在……上；to到；of……的。be afraid of表示“害怕”。故选D。
31. 句意：因此妈妈立刻开车去女儿学校。
at a time一次；day by day一天天；in a hurry立刻；all day long整天。根据“The mother worried that her daughter would be afraid of flashes of lighting(闪电).”可知，妈妈担心女儿害怕闪电，所以立刻去接女儿。故选C。
32. 句意：在去学校的路上，妈妈看到小姑娘独自在雨中走着。
walks走路，第三人称单数形式；to walk不定式；walked过去式；walking现在分词。此处表示看到某人正在做某事，现在分词作宾补。故选D。
33. 句意：在闪电时，小女孩停下来，抬头看，笑了。
stopped停止；smiled笑；looked看；sounded听起来。根据“The little girl stopped, looked up and smiled.”可知，小女孩停下来，抬头笑了。故选B。
34. 句意：在下一次闪电到来的时候，小女孩重复一样的事。
same同样的；different不同的；boring无聊的；relaxing令人放松的。根据“Another flash of lightening followed. The little girl stopped, looked up and smiled. A third time, the little girl stopped, looked up and smiled. ”可知，每次闪电的时候，女孩做同样的事情。故选A。
35. 句意：在小女孩进到车里后，妈妈想知道为什么闪电的时候，她停下来，抬头笑。
in在……里面；into到……里面；out向外；out of从。get into the car表示“进到车里面”。故选B。
36. 句意：在小女孩进到车里后，妈妈想知道为什么闪电的时候，她停下来，抬头笑。
why为什么；what什么；how怎样；when当……时候。根据“With a bright smile, replied the girl...”可知，女孩回答了妈妈的疑问，也就是为什么她那样做。故选A。
37. 句意：妈妈，当闪电到来的时候，我感觉有点害怕。
happy快乐的；afraid害怕的；strange奇怪的；excited兴奋的。根据“I knew he was playing an interesting game with me to drive away my fear（恐惧）.”可知，上帝的游戏让女孩驱赶走恐惧，因此闪电的时候，女孩是害怕的。故选B。
2
On a tree in a forest there lived a lot of birds. Before the rainy season 38 , the birds had made their homes safer. Some of the birds collected branches and 39 while other birds built their nests (巢). They also stored some food for their 40 . They kept themselves busy preparing for the difficult times.
Soon the rain came. It was followed by thunder and lightning. But the birds were not afraid of these 41 they made full preparation. One day, a monkey that got 42 in the rain came into the forest. He sat on a branch shaking with cold.
The poor monkey 43 his best to get shelter (庇护), but failed. The birds were watching what had happened to the poor monkey. They felt sorry for the monkey but there was little that they could do for him. One of them said. “Brother! Our nests are not 44 enough to give you shelter.”
Another bird said, “All of us prepared for the rainy season. If you had prepared for it, you would not be in this bad 45 .”
“Don’t tell 46 what to do. It’s too late to say this!” The monkey said 47 . He knew it’s useless to stay there, so he left. Then no one knows what would happen to the monkey.
38. A. ended B. began C. passed D. finished
39. A. stamps B. menus C. leaves D. stones
40. A. patients B. leaders C. teachers D. children
41. A. because B. unless C. although D. while
42. A. quiet B. drt C. hot D. wet
43. A. showed B. tried C. gave D. carried
44. A. healthy B. small C. big D. wide
45. A. word B. action C. grade D. situation
46. A. you B. me C. them D. him
47. A. carefully B. kindly C. angrily D. bravely
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. D 41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. C
【解析】本文是一则关于鸟儿和猴子的寓言故事，所有的鸟儿都为过雨季做好了准备，而猴子却不做准备，于是在雨季中陷入狼狈不堪的境地，当鸟儿给他提出建议时，它竟恼羞成怒，执迷不悟。
38. 句意：在雨季开始之前，鸟儿们已经使他们的家变得更安全了。
ended结束；began开始；passed过去；finished完成。根据第二段第一句“Soon the rains came.”可猜测雨季还没有来临。故选B。
39. 句意：一些鸟类收集树枝和树叶，而其他鸟类则筑巢。
stamps邮票；menus菜单；leaves树叶；stones石头。根据上下文并结合常识，可知是鸟儿们衔一些枝条和树叶来做巢。故选C。
40. 句意：他们还为他们的孩子储存了一些食物。
patients病人；leaders领导；teachers老师；children孩子。联系前后文可知是鸟儿们也为它们的孩子储存了一些食物。故选D。
41. 句意：但鸟儿们并不害怕这些，因为它们做了充分的准备。
because因为；unless除非；although虽然；while当……时候。分析语境空格前后的句子为因果关系，故选A。
42. 句意：一天，一只在雨中淋湿的猴子走进了森林。
quiet安静的；dry干燥的；hot热的；wet湿的。根据后文“He sat on a branch, shaking with cold.”可知猴子应该是淋湿了。故选D。
43. 句意：那只可怜的猴子竭力想得到庇护的庇护，但失败了。
showed展示；tried尝试；gave给予；carried带来。try one’s best to do sth.尽最大努力做某事，为固定搭配，故选B。
44. 句意：兄弟！我们的巢穴不够大，不能给你庇护。
healthy健康的；small小的；big大的；wide宽的。根据前文并结合常识，鸟巢很小，容不下猴子，因此是不足够大。故选C。
45. 句意：如果你已经做好了准备，你就不会处于这种糟糕的处境。
word话语；action行为；grade成绩；situation处境。联系前文猴子没有做充分的准备，因此它处于这种糟糕的处境中故选D。
46. 句意：别告诉我该怎么做。
you你；me我；them他们；him他。分析语境此处是猴子自己对鸟儿们说的话，因此是“不要告诉我该做什么”，故选B。
47. 句意：猴子生气地说。
carefully小心地；kindly善意地；angrily生气地；bravely勇敢地。分析语境并联系猴子说的话可知它很生气，不喜欢鸟儿们这样说它。故选C。
三、短文填空
Lightning strike has been confirmed as the reason for the forest fire that killed 27 firemen and 3 local helpers in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province. The forest fire b48. out on March 30th on top of a remote mountain. A huge fireball was formed in a moment. Changing winds trapped the firemen and the helpers. Most of the d49. were in their 20s, and at least two were teenagers.
Forest fires are c50. in spring, so the Chinese government has warned several regions that are experiencing high temperatures, strong winds and dry w51. The development of technology in recent years should have p52. them with better safety protection than before, but the fire has showed that there is still a long way to go to make our firefighting system modern.
As citizens, what can we do to help s53. forest fires? Here are some tips. First, form a small group or join a local team that cleans falling l54. and litter in thick forests. Second, don’t smoke in the forest. Ask your parents and friends to put out their cigarette ends (烟头) before e55. the forest. Next, park your cars away from the trees and dry areas of the forest. Any fuel leakage (燃油泄漏) from cars can help start a fire. Then, never start a campfire when camping in a forest. Also a56. using candles and matches inside your tent. Last, do not use fireworks in or near a forest. Fires can s57. very quickly if sparks ( 火 花 ) from fireworks reach dry objects in the forest.
People from all walks of life can help contribute to the prevention of forest fires by being more responsible in their actions.
【答案】
48. broke
49. dead
50. common
51. weather
52. provided
53. stop
54. leaves
55. entering
56. avoid
57. spread
【解析】本文主要介绍中国西南部四川省发生森林火灾，27名消防员和3名当地救援人员遇难，雷击已被确认为火灾原因。火灾在春季常见。作为市民，也提出了几点建议，帮助阻止火灾。
48. 句意：森林大火于3月30日在一座偏远的山顶爆发。根据首字母提示break out 爆发，时间状语on March 30th，用一般过去时，故答案是broke。
49. 句意：死者大多在20多岁，至少有两名是青少年。根据首字母提示dead，死的，形容词；定冠词the+形容词，表示一类人；the dead死者，故答案是dead。
50. 句意：森林火灾在春季很常见，所以中国政府已经警告了几个正在经历高温、强风和干旱天气的地区。根据首字母提示，common常见的，一般的，形容词，作表语，故答案是common。
51. 句意：森林火灾在春季很常见，所以中国政府已经警告了几个正在经历高温、强风和干旱天气的地区。形容词dry后缺少一名词；根据首字母提示weather天气；dry weather干旱天气，故答案是weather。
52. 句意：近年来技术的发展应该给他们提供比以前更好的安全保护…..根据首字母提示provide提供，动词；provide sb with sth提供某人某物；should have don本应该…；故答案是provided。
53. 句意：作为公民，我们能做什么帮助阻止火灾呢？根据首字母提示stop停下，组织，动词；help do/to do帮助做某事，故答案是stop。
54. 句意：首先，组成一个小组或加入当地的团队，清洁茂密森林中的落叶和垃圾。根据首字母提示leaf树叶，可数名词；falling leaves落叶，要用复数，故答案是leaves。
55. 句意：让你的父母和朋友在进入森林前熄灭他们的烟头。根据首字母提示enter进入，动词；before介词，后加动名词，故答案是entering。
56. 句意：同时也要避免在帐篷内使用蜡烛和火柴。根据首字母提示avoid避免，动词；这是个祈使句，动词原形开头，故答案是avoid。
57. 句意：如果烟花的火花接触到森林中干燥的物体，火灾会迅速蔓延。根据首字母提示spread扩散，蔓延，动词；情态动词can后加动词原形，故答案是spread。