人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课堂检测
展开Luis Pasteur was a wrldfamus French chemist and bilgist.
He is particularly famus fr his wrk n rabies vaccine (狂犬病疫苗). The rabies virus enters the bdy thrugh the bite f an infected animal r thrugh infected saliva entering an existing wund. After experimenting with the saliva f animals suffering frm the disease, Pasteur cncluded that the disease rests in the central nervus system f the bdy. By studying the tissues f infected animals — rabbits, Pasteur was able t prduce a frm f the virus. This culd be used fr inculatin (接种).
On July 6, 1885, Pasteur tested his pineering rabies vaccine n a man fr the first time. He saved the life f a yung man called Jseph Meister wh had been bitten by a rabid dg. Pasteur was urged t treat him with his new methd. The treatment lasted 10 days and at the end he recvered and remained healthy. Since then thusands have been saved by this treatment.
In March 1886, Pasteur was invited t present his results t the Academy f Sciences and in 1888 went n t fund the Pasteur Institute in Paris. This was a pineering clinic fr the study f infectius diseases, the treatment f rabies and a centre fr teaching. Pasteur directed the institute persnally until he died. The Pasteur Institute is still ne f the mst imprtant centres in the wrld.
Pasteur became a natinal her and was hnred in many ways. He died at SaintClud n September 28, 1895 and was given a state funeral at the Cathedral f Ntre Dame.
Mdificatins f the Pasteur methd are still used in rabies treatment tday. A newer vaccine which cntains virus prepared frm human cells grwn in the labratry is safer and requires a shrter curse f injectins.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。路易斯·巴斯德是一位著名的化学家和生物学家,他最大的成就是发明了狂犬病疫苗。
1.A persn can develp rabies .
A.if he is bitten by a rabbit
B.if he tuches infected saliva
C.if infected saliva enters his wunds
D.if he tuches an infected animal
解析:选C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,人类感染狂犬病的途径有两种,一种是被已传染性动物咬伤;另一种是通过传染性唾液进入伤口。对比原文信息可知,C项指的是第二种途径。
2.What can we learn abut Pasteur's test f his vaccine n the man?
A.The man was sent t a clinic ten days later.
B.It didn't save the man's life.
C.It prved t be a great success.
D.The man was his secnd patient.
解析:选C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,路易斯·巴斯德第一次在人类身上试验自己的疫苗就获得了成功。故C项正确。
3.After Pasteur died, the Pasteur Institute .
A.wrked much better than befre
B.wrked well until tday
C.cntinued t be in business fr many years
D.became the mst imprtant centre in the wrld
解析:选B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知,路易斯·巴斯德死后,其研究中心到今天为止仍然是世界上最重要的研究中心之一。故巴斯德研究所运行良好。所以B项正确。
4.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A.Pasteur's rabies vaccine is ut f date.
B.A new rabies vaccine has already been tested n patients.
C.Injectins f vaccine still take much time.
D.Much imprvement has been made n rabies vaccine.
解析:选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,改进过的巴斯德方法到今天仍然在使用,新的疫苗比旧的更加先进,因此推断D项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Running fr a Dream
I will never frget the Nvember day. It was htter than nrmal. This was the 1 my father and I had waited s lng fr, because we had been wrking twards this race fr three years. Dzens f familiar faces frm church and schl flashed acrss my view. They had cme fr me. I saw wrry and excitement n my father's face. Then the race began!
Fr the first tw and a half miles, I felt 2 . I had never befre been s ready fr smething. The weeks leading up t the race were filled with cntrlled 3 and a strict diet. My friends hadn't seen me in weeks, but they understd the 4 required t make my dream a reality. As in all f my races, I didn't 5 ut in the frnt. I lved the pleasure f passing peple as my strength vertk their premature speed.
Then withut warning, my strength began t decrease. Neck and neck with ne f my greatest cmpetitrs, I culd see the finish line. I had begun the final dash int 6 when my knees became weak and my legs gave way. Nthing I culd d wuld make them 7 weight.
I watched as runners rushed by me. Althugh I knew my dreams f victry were destryed, I had t finish the race. Hwever, my legs hurt badly. With all f the 8 left in me, I gt n my hands and knees and crawled (爬), inch by inch,acrss the finish line. Vices, bth 9 and familiar, cheered me n. They gave me the curage t keep 10 until the very end.
The dctrs were there in secnds, but my eyes searched the crwd fr him. There was nly ne persn I wanted t 11 t. I whispered, “I'm s srry, Dad, I'm s srry I 12 yu.” He lked at me, saying, “Yu culd never disappint me. Smetimes these things just happen. All that matters is that yu did yur best.”
“But we wrked s 13 . What abut ur dream?” He reached ver fr my hand and said, “Dn't yu knw that yu are my dream and it has cme true?”
It wasn't lng befre my running shes were back n, marking a 14 path fr my jurney. I learned that all f the miles, the tears, the sweat, and the pain my dad and I experienced tgether were nt fr a 15 . What I realised, thugh, was that t him I was the greatest prize he had ever wn.
语篇解读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者为比赛做了很多准备,但是在比赛的最后关头,腿部受伤。他坚持爬到了终点,虽然他没有赢得比赛,但是他知道父亲和他一起经历的眼泪、汗水和痛苦不仅仅是简单地为了一场跑步比赛而努力,而是为了实现梦想而努力。通过这次比赛,作者对人生有了更深刻的感悟。
1.A.dream B.weather
C.result D.day
解析:选D 根据第一段第一句I will never frget the Nvember day.可知,作者和父亲一直在等待这一天。句意:这是我的父亲和我等待已久的一天(day),因为我们为这场比赛一起努力了三年。
2.A.prud B.great
C.nervus D.afraid
解析:选B 根据下一句I had never befre been s ready fr smething.可知,作者觉得为这次比赛准备得很充分,所以刚开始跑的时候作者感觉很好。句意:前两英里半,我感觉很好(great)。
3.A.prgrams B.studies
C.instructins D.practices
解析:选D 根据上文we had been wrking twards this race可知,作者一直在为比赛而努力训练。句意:在比赛前的几个星期里,都是在有控制的练习(practices)和严格的饮食下进行。
4.A.sacrifice B.ptential
C.patience D.attentin
解析:选A 句意:我的朋友们几个星期没见过我了,但是他们明白要让我的梦想成真是要作出牺牲(sacrifice)的。
5.A.lk B.mve
C.start D.cme
解析:选C 根据下一句lved the pleasure f passing peple可知,作者比赛刚开始的时候并没有领先,后来才慢慢超过其他人。句意:在我所有的比赛中,我都不在开始(start)时就领先。
6.A.relief B.spirit
C.pleasure D.glry
解析:选D 根据上一句I culd see the finish line可知,作者快到终点,要做最后的冲刺了,很快就能取得胜利,获得荣誉。句意:我已经开始最后的冲刺,奔向荣耀(glry),这时我的膝盖开始发软,双腿开始颤抖。
7.A.give B.feel
C.hld D.add
解析:选C 根据上一句my knees became weak and my legs gave way可知,作者腿发软,站不起来,无法让双腿支撑住自己身体的重量。句意:无论我做什么,都无法让双腿支撑(hld)住我身体的重量。
8.A.trust B.emtin
C.strength D.cnfidence
解析:选C 根据上一句my legs hurt badly可知,作者腿疼得厉害,只能用尽全力,爬向终点。句意:我用尽了所有的力气(strength),双手双膝跪地,一寸一寸地爬过终点线。
9.A.lud B.freign
C.sft D.firm
解析:选B 根据语境,此处 freign和familiar 相对,意为“陌生的”。句意:陌生的(freign)和熟悉的声音都为我加油。
10.A.ging B.running
C.fighting D.training
解析:选A keep ging 表示“继续坚持,继续前进”。句意: 他们给了我勇气,让我继续前进(ging)到最后。
11.A.refer B.talk
C.listen D.agree
解析:选B 根据下一句I whispered可知,作者只想对父亲说对不起。句意:我只想和一个人说话(talk)。
12.A.frightened B.disturbed
C.disappinted D.bred
解析:选C 根据下文父亲说的话Yu culd never disappint me.可知答案。句意:我低声说:“对不起,爸爸,我让你失望(disappinted)了。”
13.A.late B.hard
C.clsely D.quickly
解析:选B 根据上文because we had been wrking twards this race fr three years可知,作者认为为了实现父亲和他的梦想,自己很努力了。句意:但是我们这么努力(hard)。我们的梦想呢?
14.A.new B.near
C.rugh D.narrw
解析:选A 根据空前It wasn't lng befre my running shes were back n可知,作者没过多久又重新训练,开始了新的征程。句意:没过多久,我又穿上了跑鞋,标志着我又开始新的(new)征程。
15.A.wish B.duty
C.rank D.race
解析:选D 文章标题是Running fr a Dream,作者和父亲一起跑步不是简单地为了一场比赛而努力,而是为了实现梦想而努力。句意:我知道了我所跑过的里程、眼泪、汗水,还有我父亲和我一起经历的痛苦,并不是为了一场比赛(race)。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once upn a time, a daughter cmplained t her father that her life was miserable and that she didn't knw hw she was ging t make it.She was tired f fighting and struggling all the time.It seemed just as ne prblem was slved, anther ne sn fllwed.Her father, a chef, tk her t the kitchen.He filled three pts with water and placed each n a high fire.
Once the three pts began t bil, he placed ptates in ne pt, eggs in the secnd pt and grund cffee beans in the third pt.He then let them sit and bil, withut saying a wrd t his daughter.The daughter cmplained and impatiently waited,wndering what he was ding.After twenty minutes, he turned ff the burners.He tk the ptates ut f the pt and placed them in a bwl.He pulled the eggs ut and placed them in a bwl.He then ladled (舀) the cffee ut and placed it in a cup.
Turning t her,he asked,“Daughter,what d yu see?”“Ptates, eggs and cffee,”she quickly replied.
“Lk clser,”he said,“and tuch the ptates.”She did and nted that they were sft.
He then asked her t take an egg and break it.After pulling ff the shell, she bserved the hardbiled egg.
Finally, he asked her t sip the cffee. Its rich arma (芳香) brught a smile t her face.“Father, what des this mean?”she asked.
He then explained that the ptates,the eggs and the cffee beans had each faced the same biling water.Hwever,they reacted differently.The ptates went in strng, hard, but in the biling water, they became sft and weak.The eggs were fragile (易碎的),with the thin uter shell prtecting their liquid inside until they were put in the biling water.Then the inside f the eggs became hard.Hwever, the grund cffee beans were unique.After they were expsed t the biling water, they changed the water and created smething new.
“Which ne are yu?”he asked his daughter.“When the disaster kncks n yur dr, hw d yu respnd?Are yu a ptat, an egg, r a cffee bean?”
注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
“Father,I want t be a cffee bean,”said the daughter,
In the end, she understands that
参考范文:
“Father,I want t be a cffee bean,”said the daughter, turning t him.Father was satisfied t hear what she said,and asked his daughter,“Why d yu want t be a cffee bean?”“Because it can change the water and create smething new in the same biling water.Therefre, I'd like t change the ld thing and make it int the new thing,which can slve prblems whenever I meet,”said the daughter.
In the end,she understands that ne shuldn't flee away when he meets a prblem.He shuld face the prblem in life bravely,and he can turn bad things int gd nes and pull ff his gals.Bad things may smetimes happen arund us in ur life.Hwever,the nly thing that truly matters is hw we chse t react t them and what we make ut f them.Life is all abut learning,adpting and changing the disaster that we experience int smething psitive, s we shuld face it with a smile.
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