2020-2021学年Unit 1 Science and Scientists同步达标检测题

这是一份2020-2021学年Unit 1 Science and Scientists同步达标检测题，共9页。
Learning About LanguageⅠ.阅读理解AThe following 4 famous paintings — from Jan van Eyck's portrait to Pablo Picasso's masterpiece — have stood the test of time.The Amolfini PortraitJan van Eyck's Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth­century society, through van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism — while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.The Starry NightVincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas (帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12­month stay at the mental hospital near Saint­Remy­de­Provence, France between 1889 and 1890.When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.The HarvestersThe Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.It describes the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.GuernicaGuernica, a large black­and­white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.The title “Guernica” refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti­war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四幅名画。从阿诺菲尼肖的肖像到毕加索的杰作，它们都经受住了时间的考验。1．Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?A．Guernica.　　　　　 B．The Harvesters.C．The Starry Night.    D．The Amolfini Portrait.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据以下几个时间点：第二段The Amolfini Portrait中的Jan van Eyck's Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434，第三段The Starry Night中的during his 12­month stay at the mental hospital near Saint­Remy­de­Provence, France between 1889 and 1890，第四段The Harvesters中的The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.，以及第五段Guernica中的Guernica, a large black­and­white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.进行判断可知，The Amolfini Portrait是最早创作的画。故选D。2．Who created the painting describing the harvest seasons?A．Pieter Bruegel the Elder.B．Vincent van Gogh.C．Jan van Eyck.D．Pablo Picasso.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据The Harvesters中的The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.可知，Pieter Bruegel the Elder画了这幅描绘丰收季节的画。故选A。3．What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?A．It was painted on wood in oils.B．It described the painter's life in hospital.C．It wasn't widely recognized before 1941.D．It was given away to the museum by a collector.解析：选C　推理判断题。根据The Starry Night中的When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.可知，The Starry Night在1941年之前没有被广泛认可。故选C。BWe can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and clean your house. They may drive your car in the near future. Two robots, named Spirit and Opportunity, were sent to Mars on a mission (任务) to explore the red planet. Robots also help people in natural disasters. They are used in search and rescue operations following an earthquake or a nuclear accident.In most cases, robots are sent to places considered to be unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations are extremely unpredictable and unfriendly. And it is very likely that robots in those situations become damaged. When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually finds the best way to get around on three legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now, scientists have developed robots that behave in the same way.Jeff Clune, a computer scientist, is developing the latest and advanced technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury. He wants the machines to have the ability to analyze the cause and change to continue performing until they can be repaired.The researchers have added one more operation to the skilled set of robots working under complicated conditions. They programmed a hexapod robot with six legs and a robotic arm. Their findings were reported in the journal Nature. Once the hexapod robots become damaged, they can use their own knowledge of how their body works to find a solution.The hexapod robots are also programmed with child­like curiosity. In other words, they are always asking questions and looking for the answers. The whole process just takes about a minute for the robots to overcome the damage and continue to carry out the task.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今，机器人无处不在，它们被应用于各个领域。科学家们正在研发一种新的技术，使机器人遭到损坏时能够迅速做出改变并继续执行任务。4．What do we know about robots?A．They usually work in dangerous places.B．They may do great harm to people.C．Dogs are used to help them work well.D．People can't live normally without them.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，机器人应用很广泛。根据第二段可知，在大多数情况下，机器人被派往危险的地方。故选A项。5．According to Jeff Clune, the new technology        ．A．helps robots deal with the damageB．protects robots from serious harmC．makes robots have self­repair abilityD．allows robots to realise possible danger解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，杰夫正在开发研究新技术使机器人在受损后能够分析原因并做出改变以继续执行任务。6．What can we infer about the hexapod robots?A．The idea of them is from Nature.B．They can sense people's feelings.C．They look like children in appearance.D．They can make changes in a very short time.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四、五段可知，六足机器人能够找到方法修复损伤并继续执行任务，整个过程大约只需要一分钟的时间。7．What's the best title for the text?A．How to Use Robots ProperlyB．Robots Are Helpful to HumansC．Damaged Robots Learn to Keep WorkingD．The Development of the Hexapod Robot解析：选C　标题归纳题。本文主要讲了科学家利用先进技术发明了六足机器人，这种机器人遭到损坏后仍然可以继续工作。Ⅱ.完形填空Meals on Wheels delivery service is for those facing life­threatening illnesses like Borden did back in 2012.She had just finished a Master's program in   1   when she was diagnosed (诊断)with cancer called Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Soon, her mother was diagnosed with cancer. Borden moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan to take care of herself while   2   her mother.“It's a   3   time in your life when you have great need for nutrition but you can't provide healthy   4   for yourself，” Borden said. “Having a Master's in Nutrition, I knew how   5   nourishment was during my cancer treatment and recovery.”She started Revive and Thrive while going through treatment,   6   out to local hospitals and kitchens to get the organization off the ground. Soon she was   7   meals for patients referred to her by social workers, nurses and doctors in the area.She   8   each patient to get a sense of what their nutrition needs are and how long they'll need help. Then, she gets to   9  ．“Serving meals to patients is equally important as teaching them to cook healthy foods, to   10   job skills, life skills and the joy of being able to   11   others in their community，”Borden says.She works with a head chef who   12   the nutrient­rich meals and makes sure each meal contains the essential vitamins and proteins that a person fighting a life­threatening illness   13  ．“When you're   14   and dealing with cancer by yourself, it can cause you more depression. Knowing somebody cares about what you eat is   15  ，” she said.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Borden在自己被诊断为癌症后，成立了一个为癌症病人提供健康饮食的组织。她认为有人关心病人的饮食会让病人受到鼓舞，更好地抗击疾病。1．A.medicine　　　　　　　 B．educationC．economics    D．nutrition解析：选D　根据下文的Having a Master's in Nutrition可知Borden是学营养学的。句意：她刚完成一个营养学(nutrition)的硕士项目，就被诊断得了名为Invasive Ductal Carcinoma的癌症。2．A.nursing    B．teachingC．guiding    D．training解析：选A　根据上文的Soon, her mother was diagnosed with cancer.可知她的妈妈也生病了，故此处用“照顾”，nurse和take care of是同义词复现。3．A.dangerous    B．hardC．common    D．valuable解析：选B　根据上文的Soon, her mother was diagnosed with cancer.可知，此处用“艰难的日子”符合语境。句意：Borden说：“这是你生命中一段艰难的(hard)日子，在这期间你需要大量的营养，但是你不能给自己提供健康的饮食。” 4．A.lifestyles    B．spiritC．meals    D．sleep解析：选C　根据下文的Soon she was   7   meals for patients referred to her by social workers, nurses and doctors in the area.可知此处用“饮食”符合语境，meal是原词复现。5．A.rare    B．adequateC．comfortable    D．important解析：选D　句意：作为一个营养学硕士，我知道在我的癌症治疗和恢复期间营养物质是多么重要(important)。6．A.going    B．callingC．reaching    D．speaking解析：选C　句意：她在治疗期间成立了Revive and Thrive这一组织，求助于(reach out)当地的医院和餐厅，让组织发展起来。7．A.enjoying    B．preparingC．checking    D．comparing解析：选B　结合上下文可知，Borden成立的Revive and Thrive是为病人准备健康饮食的组织。句意：很快，她就为那些通过社工、护士和医生向她求助的病人准备(prepare)饮食。8．A.tells    B．curesC．exams    D．meets解析：选D　句意：她亲自和每位病人见面(meet)，了解她们对营养物质的需求，以及需要多长时间的帮助。9．A.rest    B．workC．school    D．bed解析：选B　此处是指Borden了解了病人的需求后，开始营养餐的准备工作。句意：然后她开始工作(work)。10．A.learn    B．showC．require    D．test解析：选A　句意：Borden说：“给病人提供营养餐和教他们做营养餐、学会(learn)工作和生活技能、享受为社区的其他人服务同等重要。” 11．A.judge    B．serveC．gather    D．relax解析：选B　根据上文的Serving meals to patients is equally important as teaching them to cook healthy foods可知此处用“服务”符合语境，serve是原词复现。12．A.eats    B．expectsC．creates    D．proves解析：选C　句意：她和一个主厨合作，主厨负责开发(create)富含营养的饮食，并确保每一餐都包含一个人抗击疾病所需要(need)的基本的维他命和蛋白质。13．A.needs    B．makesC．shares    D．provides解析：选A　参见上题解析。14．A.alone    B．wiseC．old    D．free解析：选A　根据“by yourself”可知此处用“独自”符合语境。句意：她说：“当你一个人独自(alone)抗击癌症时，你会更加沮丧。知道有人关心你的饮食是鼓舞人心的。” 15．A.interesting    B．amusingC．amazing    D．inspiring解析：选D　结合上下文可知，此处是指病人知道有人关心自己的饮食会让他们受到鼓舞(inspiring)、精神振作。Ⅲ.语法填空Learning English used to be about developing four skills：listening，speaking，reading and writing.After all，that's   1   the exams are designed — with four skills tested separately.But over the years，educators have come   2   (realise) that these four skills should never have been separated，but practiced all at once.And the best way to do that is，perhaps，through public speaking.According to Mei Deming，a professor of English at Shanghai International Studies University，giving a speech in an international language   3   (require) a speaker to integrate (使成为一体) knowledge and content   4   (mental) and express the result systematically.Speakers must draw on the beauty of the language as a whole in order to communicate with an audience.This is why the annual China Daily “21st Century Cup” National English Speaking Competition has been gaining in popularity since it began in 1996.“This competition has worked   5   a model for developing students' public­speaking skills in English and provided ideas for English teaching in schools and in learning in a broader sense，” said Mei.Shi Guohua，  6   English teacher at Shanghai Qibao High School，held a similar view.He said that key competence in acquiring English today comes from the ability to express oneself rather than in simply passing exams.He also   7   (stress) that communication should go both ways since traditional English­speaking education has focused too much on getting messages out while   8   (ignore) the receiver of these messages — the audience.“It's important to understand the audience and build the link between the content being delivered and the interests of the audience，” he said.“It's also important to create an impressive opening to a speech.”As China continues to play an important role in global conversations，there will be more   9   (chance) for young Chinese people to present China and tell attracting stories.And in order to tell Chinese stories   10   (well)，we first need to develop a more overall English skill.Working on public speaking is，perhaps，where to start.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。学习英语曾经就是关于四项技能的培养：听、说、读、写，主要是因为考试把四项技能分开测试。如何才能把四项技能高度地结合起来呢？作者告诉我们一个方法——公开演讲。1．how　考查名词性从句。句意：毕竟，这就是如何设计考试的——四项技能分开测试。根据句意可知，此处为how引导的表语从句，表示方式，故填how。2．to realise　考查非谓语动词。come to realise开始意识到，故填to realise。3．requires　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是在论述一般性的事实规律，故应使用一般现在时，且主语为动名词短语，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填requires。4．mentally　考查词性转换。此处修饰动词integrate，应用副词形式，故填mentally。5．as　考查介词。句意：这项比赛已经成了培养学生用英语公开演讲技能的典范。work as充当，担任。6．an　考查冠词。句意：石国华，上海七宝中学的一名英语老师。English首字母发音为元音音素，故填an。7．stressed　考查动词的时态。结合上下文语境He said that key competence in acquiring English以及he said.“It's also important to create an impressive opening to a speech.”可知，用一般过去时，故填stressed。8．ignoring　考查状语从句的省略。此处为状语从句的省略，省略了it is，其完整形式为：while it is ignoring the receiver of these messages — the audience，故填ignoring。9．chances　考查名词的单复数。chance为可数名词，前有more修饰，故应用复数形式，故填chances。10．better　考查比较级。句意：为了更好地讲述中国故事，我们首先需要培养更为全面的英语技能。根据句意及后一分句中的more可知，此处应使用比较级，故填better。