人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课后复习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课后复习题，共8页。
课下题型练(一)　Reading and ThinkingⅠ.阅读理解ADo you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did foolish experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?Sometimes, people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important. Charles Darwin didn't settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something. And he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight little balt and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn't be worth anything.But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present­day understandings of physics that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set aside some of ancient Greek physics.Scientists sometimes stop to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。1．The passage tells us that Charles Darwin        ．A．was a great English scientistB．always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficultC．thought even the simplest thing was importantD．didn't get on well with others解析：选C　推理判断题。短文并没有说Charles Darwin是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A项；根据第一、二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验太简单不值得做，可排除B项；文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情，可排除D项。根据第三段中的he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be可推出答案为C。2．The underlined phrase “set aside” most probably means “        ”．A．throw away　　　　　　 B．store upC．put to use    D．realize解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的，它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。由此可推知set aside与throw away同义。3．The author of the passage tries to        ．A．convince us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the worldB.draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple thingsC．prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speedD．draw our attention to everyday happenings around us解析：选D　主旨大意题。文章的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基，意在告诉我们要留意身边的每一件事，哪怕它非常简单。4．Which of the following is TRUE?A．Darwin really did foolish experiments.B.According to some people, Darwin did foolish experiments.C.It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.D.Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish？明确告诉我们，有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。BWhat is a hero? We may think of the fictional characters with supernatural powers or great people who can influence world events. Now, as the nation continues its all­out efforts to fight against the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID­19新型冠状病毒肺炎), medical staff have become heroes in the eyes of the public.As of February 19, a total of 32，000 medical staff outside Hubei province have been working to treat patients around the center of the outbreak.Zhang Dingyu, the president of Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, is one of these heroes. Since the hospital received the first seven patients in December, Zhang has been so busy that he barely gets any sleep. Even suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (肌萎缩侧索硬化), the 56­year­old doctor is doing his best to quicken his pace to save precious time for infected patients. “I have to run, racing against time to save more patients from the deadly disease, because I don't have much time left in my life，” Zhang told Xinhua News Agency.With the duty of saving lives, many medical professionals like Zhang have been working long hours for days, despite their fear and worries.Lu Jingjing from Wuhan Children's Hospital also works at a temporary mobile hospital. She does not let her parents know that she is now working with novel­coronavirus­infected patients.When her parents ask for a video chat, Lu says she is working and lets her husband and children chat with them instead.“It's dangerous but we should win the battle with the virus as soon as possible, so that medical staff and patients can go back home，” she told China Daily.US writer Khalil Gibran (1883－1931) once wrote, “Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and despair, but the manifestations of strength and resolution.” It's true for the medical workers.Everyone has fear, especially when it comes to deadly diseases. But for medical staff, saving lives comes first and is enough for them to be brave and stay on the front. They may look like ordinary people in daily life, but in these extraordinary times, they are heroes.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章赞扬了医务人员在武汉为抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎所做出的努力。5．What is the author's main purpose in writing this article?A．To explain what makes a modern­day hero.B.To praise medical staff for their efforts to fight the NCP.C．To describe what measures China has taken to deal with the virus.D．To show the difficulties faced by medical staff treating NCP patients.解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的 Now, as the nation continues its all­out efforts to fight against the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID­19新型冠状病毒肺炎), medical staff have become heroes in the eyes of the public.可知，现在，随着国家继续全力抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎，医务人员已经成为公众眼中的英雄，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是赞扬医务人员为抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎所做出的努力，故B项正确。6．What do we learn from Zhang Dingyu's words?A．His illness has turned him into an impatient man.B．His illness makes him work without fear.C．He feels sorry for himself because of his illness.D．He wants to help as many patients as possible.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I have to run, racing against time to save more patients from the deadly disease, because I don't have much time left in my life，” Zhang told Xinhua News Agency.可知，张定宇的话表明他想帮助(治疗)尽可能多的病人，故D项正确。7．Why doesn't Lu Jingjing answer her parents' video calls?A．She is too busy and has no time for video chats.B．She doesn't want her parents to worry about her.C．It's not allowed to make a video call from the hospital.D.There is no WiFi signal at the temporary mobile hospital.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，她不接父母的视频电话是怕父母为自己担心，故B项正确。8．The underlined word “manifestations” in the second­to­last paragraph probably means “        ”．A．results    B．differencesC．indications    D．advantages解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and despair可知，温柔和善良不是软弱和绝望的表现，此处是说它们是力量和决心的表现，由此可知画线词词义与signs相近，意思为“标志；表现”，故C项正确。CYou might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation — the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century, the sea level rose 8－12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country's drinking water.Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation has suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more destructive storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (导致温室效应的气体排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years.” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311，000 an “endangered nation”．语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球变暖对于某些岛国，特别是对Tuvalu造成的恶劣影响。9．According to scientists, the direct cause of more and more fierce storms is        ．A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsB．higher surface water temperatures of the seaC．continuous global warmingD．rising sea levels解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more destructive storms.可判断出造成严重暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温太高。10．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not        ．A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissionsB．sign an agreement with TuvaluC．allow Tuvaluans to move to the USD．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real解析：选A　细节理解题。第四段第一句话表示Laupepa对美国不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署号召工业化国家减少温室效应气体排放的国际性公约——《京都议定书》。11．The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is        ．A．Australia    B．New ZealandC．the Maldives    D．the United States解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段可判断出the Maldives与Tuvalu的情况相似。12．The text is mainly about        ．A．rapid changes in earth's temperatureB．bad effects of global warmingC．moving of a country to a new placeD．reasons for lowland flooding解析：选B　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响，故答案选B。Ⅱ.阅读七选五We eat in our cars, at our desks, on the go, and in front of the TV. We eat take­out, packaged and prepared meals. Why？Because it fits our not­enough­time­in­the­day lifestyles.  1   Well, I'm certainly not the first one to think it or say it, but we all need to slow down.Consumer trends around the globe show that over the past three decades people are purchasing more prepared foods at groceries and eating out more than ever before. It's predicted that we'll spend more at restaurants in the coming years.   2   However, we're getting less healthy.While debates can be seen in different media over the food industry's contribution to our growing waistlines and our health problems, the bottom line is this：  3   We can choose to eat a fast­food lunch on the go. We can throw a frozen meal in the microwave and call it dinner. We can eat without thinking, in front of the tube, at our computers, and while driving a car.  4   Studies have shown meaningful links between family meals and kids' mental and physical well­being. Eating sensibly doesn't take much time or money, but it does require you to make a conscious decision to do so. Wrapped up in endless work, appointments and social activities, we often fail to enjoy a relaxing meal with our families.While it can be a challenge to always put healthy eating first, just do your best. Remember that the food you eat has a more significant effect on your health, weight and well­being than almost any other activities you do.   5   Every meal made at home — even just once or twice a week — is a step closer to a healthier body and a slower eating style.A．Lunch is the biggest calorie intake when it comes to eating out.B．Treat it with the importance that it deserves, but start small.C．Our food matches our lives.D．Purchase food locally and skip as many packaged items as you can.E．What we eat, where we eat and how we eat are all under our control.F．We're consuming an increasing number of calories.G．We can devote an hour of the day to enjoying a meal with our families.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。因为生活节奏加快，许多人习惯于外出吃饭。事实上，外出吃饭对我们的健康不利，为此作者呼吁人们，重视饮食习惯，多在家与家人一起吃饭。1．选C　根据空前内容可知，随着人们生活节奏的加快，人们的饮食习惯也发生了改变。所以，C项“我们的饮食与我们的生活(方式)相匹配”符合语境。2．选F　根据空前的It's predicted that we'll spend more at restaurants in the coming years.可知，人们越来越多地在外面吃饭，摄入越来越多的卡路里，然而，人们变得越来越不健康。故F项符合语境。3．选E　根据空后内容可知，吃什么、在哪里吃以及怎样吃都由我们自己掌控。故E项符合语境。4．选G　根据空后的Studies have shown meaningful links between family meals and kids' mental and physical well­being.可知，与家人一块吃饭有很大的好处。故G项符合语境。5．选B　根据最后一段内容可知，饮食对人们的健康很重要。作者建议人们尽量在家吃饭。又结合空后内容可知，把健康饮食放在第一位可从小事做起。故B项符合语境。