人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists精品一课一练

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基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The prfessr’s (/ˈæbstrækt/) thery is hard fr us t understand.
2.The girl was tired frm standing, s she (转换) her weight frm ne ft t the ther.
3.T adapt t the rapid ecnmic develpment, China has put frward sme new develpment (观念).
4.The player’s perfrmance left a deep impressin n everyne present.
5.He is utging. B , he is kind. He always steps up whenever peple need help.
Ⅱ.选词填空
in charge f;abve all;break ut;cme dwn with
1.I’d like t speak t the persn wh is this prgram.
2.When Wrld War Ⅰ , he decided t jin the army immediately.
3.I have been cughing these days, s I think I have the flu.
4.I’m very lucky t have a cmfrtable life, where there’s always fd n the table, heating in the winter, and, , lve in the huse.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The stry f the tw yung men is described (vivid) in this nvel.
2.It has been argued that (gift) children shuld be gruped in special classes.
3.At the beginning, he asked if I culd assist him learning hw t use chpsticks.
4.The by wh started wrk just after graduatin was arranged as a teaching (assist).
5.It was 9 a.m. The sun shne (brilliant). I std by the lake, waiting fr my turn t bat.
6.Bdy language can give away a lt abut yur thughts—fr example, standing with yur arms flded can send ut a signal that yu are being (defend).
7.At the cnference, plitical leaders frm many cuntries prmised t wrk tgether t defend the wrld terrrism and ther threats.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我相信你足够强大,能应对这些挑战。(be+adj.+enugh t d sth.)
I believe yu deal with these challenges.
2.当被问到为什么上学迟到时,他保持沉默。后来,老师了解到他爸爸病了。(状语从句的省略)
why he was late fr schl, he kept silent. Later, the teacher learned that his father was ill.
3.未来,人工智能技术会传播到人们生活的各个方面,使生活更便利。(make+宾语+宾语补足语)
In the future, artificial intelligence technlgy will spread t all aspects f peple’s life and .
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
As we knw, scientists have many excellent qualities. We can take Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking 1 example.
Qian Xuesen, 2 served his hmeland with effrt, achievement, and devtin, was a well-respected man. In 1935, he went t the US fr further study and then wrked there. After 3 (vercme) sme difficulties, he returned t China in 1955, and was respnsible fr many majr scientific research prjects. 4 (face) with challenges, Qian didn’t feel discuraged. Under 5 (he) leadership, China develped its wn missiles, rckets, and man-made satellites 6 (success). Qian was knwledgeable. Hwever, what made him an utstanding 7 creative scientist was prbably his interest in ther things like music and drawing, which gave him 8 (inspire) in scientific research.
Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus and 9 (gift) scientists in physics. He came dwn with a disease and 10 (lse) the use f mst f his muscles. He was brilliant, brave, and determined, and he was willing t admit his faults.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升
Ⅱ.阅读理解(2022浙江名校协作体联考)
Scientists have lng sught t prevent sharp memries frm dulling with age, but the prblem remains unsettled. Nw research published in Scientific Reprts suggests virtual reality might help lder peple recall facts and events based n cncrete details.
The study invlved 42 healthy lder adults frm the San Francisc Bay Area. Half spent a dzen hurs ver fur weeks playing a virtual reality game called Labyrinth; they wre headsets and walked in place, walking virtual neighbrhds while cmpleting small tasks. The ther half, in the cntrl grup, used electrnic tablets t play games that did nt require recalling details. After 15 sessins (期), the latter perfrmed rughly the same as befre in a lng-term memry test. But the Labyrinth players gained an imprvement in memry thrugh the VR game. A scientist f the University f Califrnia, Peter Wais, said the imprvement brught them up t the level f anther grup f yunger adults taking the same memry test.
Meredith Thmpsn, an educatin researcher, studies learning thrugh VR games but was nt invlved in the new study. “It wuld be great t actually fllw peple ver time and see what this type f game des fr lng-term memry,” she says. “Adding VR can prvide greater invlvement than ther games.” Wais’s team is nw investigating hw lng the bserved effects last and which elements f the training have the mst impact.
A cgnitive(认知的) psychlgist, Daniel Simns, wh was als nt invlved in the study, ntes experiments with ther games that claim t train the brain have ften failed t evaluate this. And it remains unclear hw test perfrmance in a labratry setting might translate int real-wrld situatins. “The utcme,” Simns ntes, “needs t be repeated, ideally with a much larger grup, befre it’s treated as a strng finding.”
“Fr nw,” Wais says, “the team hpes its studies with similar-sized grups will help draw funding t test the game in a larger pl f participants.”
1.What is Meredith Thmpsn’s attitude tward the research?
A.Satisfied. B.Enthusiastic.
C.Cautius. D.Cncerned.
2.Accrding t the scientists, the research needs t be imprved due t .
A.the lack f financial supprt
B.the limited pl f participants
C.the unsatisfying test perfrmance
D.the impractical applicatin in the real wrld
3.What is the passage mainly abut?
A.Peple’s memry gradually fails as they age.
B.Peple f different ages shuld play VR games.
C.Virtual reality can change peple’s memry.
D.Virtual reality can imprve lder adults’ memry.
4.Where may the passage cme frm?
A.A wrk f science fictin.
B.A bk review.
C.A science magazine.
D.A travel guide.
Ⅲ.七选五(2021浙江温州新力量联盟期末联考)
A 24-year-ld female space cmmander Zhu Chengyu has been a heated tpic n Weib since Chinese state media highlighted her as ne f the wmen invlved in the successful launch f the Chang’e-5 lunar prbe(月球探测器) n 24 Nvember. Scial media users have been referring t her as a “surce f pride” fr the cuntry. 1 Several peple jkingly reflected n their wn achievements, cmmenting hw far behind in life they were in cmparisn.
Starting in 2004, the Chang’e Prgramme cnsists f three stages f “rbiting”, “landing” and “returning”. 2 In December 2013, the gal f China’s first sft landing n the lunar surface and grund explratin n the mn was achieved by the lander and Yutu Lunar Rver f Chang’e-3. In 2019, Chang’e-4 prbe made the first-ever sft landing n the far side f the mn.
The Chang’e-5 missin is China’s third successful mn landing in seven years. 3 China became the third cuntry t bring lunar samples back t Earth.
Mst Chinese knw the stry f the mythlgical Chang’e, the Chinese gddess f the mn. Peple can’t hear the wrd “Chang’e” withut picturing rmantic and vivid images f a mn gddess. 4 And s pictures f Zhu Chengyu have been all ver state media, with cmments abut hw she is a “frnt-line sldier in the field f aerspace” and a “big sister” that yung Chinese can lk up t.
Hwever, the huge amunt f interest in the Guizhu Prvince native has nt appeared t have had much f an effect n her. 5
A.Her stry in particular has inspired the public, cnsidering her yung age.
B.She refused repeated requests fr interviews in rder t fcus n her wrk.
C.Hwever, China has been trying t highlight strng female figures in the cuntry.
D.Despite her yung age, Zhu is nw wrking at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site.
E.Its aim is t gather lunar rcks and sil t help scientists learn mre abut the mn.
F.Fr this reasn, China’s missin t the mn was calling ut fr a strng female figure.
G.China cmpleted the “rbiting” phase by launching Chang’e-1 and Chang’e-2 lunar prbes in 2007 and 2010.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅳ.读后续写(2021福建厦门期中)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As Lia Bentley walked hme frm schl n a cld Octber afternn, she saw symmetry (对称) all arund her: in the faces f peple and the clthes they wre, in the buildings she passed and in the cars that went by. The birds in the sky were symmetrical, and even the autumn leaves that cvered the sidewalk were symmetrical.
All the mnth, Lia’s class had been studying different frms f symmetry, and Lia was very interested. Mr. Ferris, their science teacher, had given them their final task: t find the mst beautiful example f symmetry and give a reprt t the class n it.
Lia lked at the task in her ntebk. “The mst beautiful example f symmetry?” she thught. “What n earth culd that be?”Halfway thrugh the schl year, she’d been given a micrscpe fr her birthday. Nw she realized that she culd use it t study symmetry. She set up what she called “labratry” in the small wden huse. The micrscpe std n a table. She hped t find an example f symmetry that wuld stand ut frm all the thers. Lia spent hurs n the examinatin f cells and drps f pnd water full f strange symmetrical life. Althugh she was surprised by what she saw, it trubled her that nne f them was truly beautiful. Lia stayed in the wden huse until her father called her inside. “Cme n, Lia. It’s getting cld ut. The weather frecast says it’s ging t snw.”
Lia suddenly felt sad. Snw meant winter was n its way. The cld weather wuld mean fewer things t lk at under the micrscpe. Snw wuld ften cver the area like a blanket, hiding everything frm sight.
“Cme inside!” her father called again.
“Be there in a minute, Dad!” Lia called back.
Just then, the dr f the wden huse was blwn pen by a shrt strng wind. As she turned her head against the wind, she caught sight f a single snwflake(雪花) that had blwn int the wden huse and nt the stage (载物台) f her micrscpe.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Lia lked thrugh the micrscpe, and t her surprise, she saw the mst beautiful example f symmetry she culd ever have imagined.


Paragraph 2:
Suddenly, Lia had an idea—she ran t her huse and picked up her camera.



答案解析
Ⅰ 2.shifted 3.cncepts 4.utstanding
5.Besides
Ⅱ charge f 2.brke ut 3.cme dwn with
4.abve all
Ⅲ 考查副词。设空处修饰过去分词described,应用副词vividly,表示“生动地”。
2.gifted 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词children,应用形容词gifted,意为“有天赋的”。
3.in 考查介词。 assist sb. in ding sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填in。
4.assistant 考查名词。a teaching 作as的宾语,由设空处前面的不定冠词a可知应用名词assistant。teaching assistant表示“助教”。
5.brilliantly 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词shne,作状语,所以用副词brilliantly,表示“灿烂地”。
6.defensive 考查形容词。根据设空处前面的yu are being可知此处应用形容词作表语,defensive意为“自卫的”。此处表示双臂交叉着站立表明你在自我保护。
7.frm/against 考查介词。 表示“保护……免受……”。此处指保护世界免受恐怖主义和其他威胁(的侵袭)。故填frm或against。
Ⅳ strng enugh t 2.When asked 3.make life mre cnvenient
Ⅰ 考查介词。 example表示“以……为例”。故填fr。
2.wh 考查定语从句的引导词。 设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号,前面是Qian Xuesen, served his hmeland with effrt, achievement, and devtin中缺少主语,此处指钱学森以自己的努力、成就和献身精神为祖国服务,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰Qian Xuesen,故填wh。
3.vercming 考查动名词。设空处前的After为介词,其后应接动名词,故填vercming。
4.Faced 考查过去分词。be faced with...意为“面临……”,故此处填Faced,构成过去分词短语作状语。
5.his 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处作定语修饰名词leadership,故用形容词性物主代词his。Under his leadership意为“在他的领导下”。
6.successfully 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰谓语动词develped,故用副词successfully。
7.and 考查并列连词。此处指使他成为一位杰出的且富有创造力的科学家的可能是……。设空处连接两个并列的形容词utstanding和creative,结合语境可知此处应用and。
8.inspiratin 考查名词。设空处作gave的直接宾语,应用名词inspiratin。
9.gifted 考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰其后名词scientists,故用形容词gifted。
10.lst 考查动词时态。该句中,and连接两个并列的谓语动词,由and前面的came可知此处也应用一般过去时。故填lst。
Ⅱ. 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了虚拟现实可以改善老年人的记忆力,并介绍了一项相关研究以及相关专家对此研究的评论。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It wuld be great t actually fllw peple ver time and see what this type f game des fr lng-term memry”可知,Meredith Thmpsn认为这项研究需要长时间的跟踪观察,由此推知她对这项研究的态度是谨慎的。故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Adding VR can prvide greater invlvement than ther games.”、第四段中的“ideally with a much larger grup”以及最后一段中的“test the game in a larger pl f participants”可知科学家们认为这项研究需要改进是因为参与者的数量有限。故选B。
3.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出了虚拟现实可以帮助老年人根据具体细节回忆事实和事件这一话题,第二段介绍了其研究过程,第三段和第四段是两位专家对这项研究的看法,最后一段简要表达了该研究团队的希望。整体看来,本篇文章主要是关于“虚拟现实可以改善老年人的记忆力”这个话题的。故选D。
易错归因
C选项“虚拟现实可以改变人的记忆力”为偷换概念的表述,与文中内容不符,没有把握人群,没有表述“改善”。
4.C 推理判断题。本篇文章主要围绕“虚拟现实可以改善老年人的记忆力”这个话题展开,文章内容还包含科学家进行的研究以及其他专家对此研究的评论,由此推知,本文可能是科学杂志上的文章。故选C。
【高频词汇】
ding sth.阻止……做某事 2.recall v.记起;回想起;回忆起 3.invlve v.涉及;使参与 be invlved in...参与…… invlvement n.参与;投入
4.imprvement n.改进;改善 5.investigate v.研究
6.claim v.宣称,声称;断言 7.participant n.参与者;参加者
【熟词生义】
1.cntrl n.对照标准;参照实验 2.strng adj.难以辩驳的;确凿的 3.pl n.人力资源
长难句分析 本句是一个主从复合句。关系代词wh引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Daniel Simns;ntes后面为省略了that的宾语从句,该宾语从句中又包含that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词ther games。
译文 同样没有参与这项研究的认知心理学家丹尼尔·西蒙斯指出,带有其他声称训练大脑的游戏的实验往往未能评估这一点。
Ⅲ. 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了24岁的女航天指挥员周承钰,同时也简单介绍了我国的探月工程。
1.A 细节句。根据设空处下句可知,周承钰鼓舞了公众,引发了他们的认真思考,A项“考虑到她的年轻,她的故事尤其鼓舞公众”可引出下文内容。故选A。
2.G 细节句。根据上文“the Chang’e Prgramme cnsists f three stages f ‘rbiting’, ‘landing’ and ‘returning’”可知嫦娥工程分为三个阶段,下句提到了“landing”这个阶段,下段提到了 “returning”这个阶段,G项“通过在2007年发射‘嫦娥一号’和在2010年发射‘嫦娥二号’,中国完成了‘绕月探测’阶段”说的是“rbiting” 这个阶段,符合事物的介绍流程,故选G。
3.E 细节句。上文提到了嫦娥五号任务是中国在七年内第三次成功登月,即“returning”这个阶段,E项“它的目标是收集月球岩石和土壤以帮助科学家更多地了解月球”顺应上文内容。选项中的aim呼应上文的missin, gather lunar rcks and sil对应下句的lunar samples。故选E。
4.F 细节句。 根据设空处上句可知,人们听到“嫦娥”这个词就会想象月亮女神的生动浪漫形象,F项“正是这个原因,中国登月的任务需要一个有影响力的女性形象”承接上文内容。故选F。
5.B 细节句。根据设空处上句可知,这些关注没有给她带来很大的影响, B项 “为了专注于她的工作,她一再拒绝了采访的要求”是上文所说的没有给她带来很大的影响的具体体现。故选B。
【高频词汇】
1.cmmander n.指挥官;负责人 2.refer 把……称作…… 3.reflect n认真思考 4.in cmparisn相比较 5.in particular尤其;特别
【熟词生义】
1.picture v.想象;设想 2.strng adj.有影响力的;有实力的;有权势的
长难句分析 本句是主从复合句。句中since引导时间状语从句,该时间状语从句中invlved in the successful launch f the Chang’e-5 lunar prbe n 24 Nvember为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰the wmen。
译文 自从中国官方媒体强调,周承钰是参与11月24日嫦娥五号月球探测器成功发射的女性之一后,这位24岁的女性太空指挥官就成了微博上的热门话题。
Ⅳ.
One pssible versin:
Paragraph 1:
Lia lked thrugh the micrscpe, and t her surprise, she saw the mst beautiful example f symmetry she culd ever have imagined. “Of curse!”she shuted.“A snwflake! Why didn’t I think f that befre?” She lked thrugh the micrscpe again t take a clser lk, and was surprised t find that there was nthing there! The snwflake had disappeared, taking all f its beauty with it. “N! Wait! Oh, n!” cried Lia. She had t take the snwflake t class, but hw? It wuld melt befre she culd even get n the bus!
Paragraph 2:
Suddenly, Lia had an idea—she ran t her huse and picked up her camera.Within minutes, she’d managed t attach it t the micrscpe. She carefully placed anther snwflake n the micrscpe’s stage and tk a series f pictures. Each snwflake was different, symmetrical, and unbelievably beautiful. Lia tk the snwflake phts t class, which surprised her classmates and teacher. They were excited t see the mst beautiful example f symmetry and they gave Lia a nickname. They called her Snwflake Lia.
写作指导
情节线
情感线
故事
要素
时间
Lia Bentley在寻找最美的对称物的时候
惊讶
Lia遇到难题时是什么感受?(吃惊?难过?)
完成报告之后,同学们是什么反应?(兴奋?惊讶?敬佩?)
地点
在一个小木屋里
人物
Lia Bentley,Lia Bentley的老师Mr. Ferris,Lia Bentley的爸爸
情节
开端
Lia Bentley在学校里学习了对称现象,科学老师要求同学们找到最美丽的对称例子并作报告
发展
Lia收到了一件生日礼物——一个显微镜,她用它在小木屋里寻觅、观察各种对称的东西但都不满意,这时下雪了,一片雪花落在了显微镜的载物台上
续写
方向
Para. 1
Lia透过显微镜观察,令她惊讶的是,她看到了她所能想象到的最美的对称的例子。(段首句)
①这个最美的对称的例子是什么?
②这种东西有什么特别之处?
③Lia怎么解决难题?
Para. 2
突然,Lia有了一个主意——她跑回自己家,拿起相机。(段首句)
①Lia拿相机去干什么?
②Lia是如何完成她的报告的?