高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture同步训练题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture同步训练题，共7页。

A
When early humans killed a mammth, hw did they keep the meat befre they culd eat it all? We dn't knw; maybe they didn't.But perhaps they preserved their mammth steaks in salt.Hwever, it is hard t knw fr sure.We d knw fr certain that by 3，000 years ag, the Babylnians, Egyptians, and Chinese were all expert at salting.They used salt t preserve fd.
Fr thusands f years, salting was a cmmn way t preserve fd.But fr a lng time, n ne knew why salt wrked.Then, in the 1800s, a Frenchman named Luis Pasteur discvered the secret：bacteria.What des salt have t d with bacteria? First, bacteria need misture t grw and multiply.Salt pulls misture ut f fd, s the bacteria n lnger have enugh misture.Besides, salt is pisnus t many bacteria.If yu cver fd with salt, bacteria utside the fd die befre they get in, and bacteria already in the fd are pisned by the salt.
S hw d yu preserve fd with salt? Fr meat r fish, yu pur n a layer f salt, then rub it in well.Hams are ften made this way.Anther way is t alternate layers f fd and salt in a big cntainer.The salt will draw the misture ut f the fd, creating brine that the fd sits in.Yu'll need t make sure the brine cmpletely cvers the fd; any fd left expsed t the air will spil.If yu preserve cabbage this way, yu'll make sauerkraut.
Hw well salt preserves fd depends n hw much is used.The mre salt, the lnger the fd is preserved.Unfrtunately, using enugh salt t preserve fd fr a very lng time can cause prblems.It can make fd tugh.It can destry flavr.And, f curse, it can make the fd t salty t eat, which is harmful t ur health.
Tday, even thugh we n lnger rely n salt t keep ur fd fresh, we haven't lst ur taste fr salt.We dn't want t give up ur bacn, salami, and watermeln pickles!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用，如何用盐保存食物以及盐的用量问题。
1．Why are examples f the ancient peple mentined in the first paragraph?
A．T make an intrductin t the tpic.
B．T explain ur ancestrs were very clever.
C．T tell us the ancient peple had a lt f fd t eat.
D．T shw the ancient peple were gd at preserving fd.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的When early humans killed a mammth, hw did they keep the meat befre they culd eat it all？以及We d knw fr certain that by 3，000 years ag, the Babylnians, Egyptians, and Chinese were all expert at salting.再根据第二段第一句Fr thusands f years, salting was a cmmn way t preserve fd.可知，第一段提到古人的例子是为了引入主题。故选A。
2．Which f the fllwing will the authr prbably agree with?
A．If yu want t make a ham, yu shuld keep it in brine.
B．If yu want t make sauerkraut, yu'd better pur n a layer f salt and rub it.
C．T keep ur fd lnger, yu shuld put as much salt n the fd as pssible.
D．Peple needn't give up salty fd cmpletely as lng as they cntrl the amunt.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容可知，D选项(人们不必完全放弃咸的食物，只要他们控制用量)作者可能会认同。故选D。
3．What's the authr's purpse in writing the text?
A．T explain hw the ancient peple preserve fd.
B．T tell us hw salt wrks in preserving fd.
C．T persuade peple t give up salty fd.
D．T intrduce the way f preserving fd with salt.
解析：选D 写作目的题。根据第二段第一句Fr thusands f years, salting was a cmmn way t preserve fd.可知几千年来，腌制是一种常见的保存食物的方法。文章主要介绍了腌制中盐所起的作用、如何用盐保存食物以及盐的用量问题。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍用盐腌制食物的方法。故选D。
B
Yu might easily gain access t fresh fruit and vegetables, but this isn't the case in sme parts f America.The US has many areas that are cnsidered as fd deserts, which are defined as parts f the cuntry shrt f fresh fruit, vegetables and ther healthy fd, usually fund in pr areas.
Fd deserts are urban areas where the nearest grcery stre is mre than 1 mile away, and rural areas where the nearest grcery stre is mre than 10 miles away.Accrding t the USDA, 19 millin Americans — r 6.2% f the ppulatin — live in places that can be cnsidered as fd deserts.
The issue isn't necessarily abut the difference in cst between healthy and unhealthy fds in these areas but it's abut a lack f access t healthy chices at all.And, with the lack f healthy fd chices, these areas typically have a large supply f unhealthy fds sld at fast­fd cmpanies and cnvenience stres.
Eating unhealthy fds can lead t verweight, which puts peple at risk fr all kinds f majr health issues, including high bld pressure, heart disease, and sme cancers.
But sme peple, especially thse wh cannt affrd a car, are stuck with eating what's readily available.In the case f fd deserts, it's usually the type f fd that can lead t verweight.Studies have shwn that this is likely t be a prblem in lw­incme areas.When mney is nt enugh, peple tend t buy fds that last lnger and remve fd waste, which is a waste f their limited incme.
Lack f access is nly ne part f the prblem, hwever.The bigger issue was likely the lack f educatin and nutritinal knwledge in these cmmunities, which prevents peple with lwer incmes frm understanding the benefits f healthy eating.
While verweight is a significant issue in these cmmunities, the cst f unhealthy eating isn't just physical.A study fund that 71 billin dllars in healthcare csts due t chrnic (慢性的) diseases culd be saved thrugh healthier eating.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在美国有一些食物荒漠地区，那里的人很难接触到新鲜的蔬菜和水果，只能大量购买不健康的食品。但造成这种现象的深层原因是，那些地方的人缺乏教育和营养方面的知识。
4．What can we infer frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．6.2% f the Americans live in pr areas.
B．Sme parts f the USA lack fresh vegetables.
C．Sme peple in America dn't need fresh fruit.
D．Peple in the fd deserts buy fresh vegetables easily.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的Yu might easily gain access t fresh fruit and vegetables, but this isn't the case in sme parts f America.和第二段中的Accrding t the USDA, 19 millin Americans — r 6.2% f the ppulatin — live in places that can be cnsidered as fd deserts.可推测，美国的一些地区严重缺乏新鲜的水果和蔬菜。故选B项。
5．Why can fast­fd cmpanies sell large amunts f unhealthy fd in the fd deserts?
A．These areas are rich in unhealthy fd materials.
B．The fast fd sld in the fd deserts are f lwer cst.
C．Healthy fd chices are unavailable in these areas.
D．Peple in these areas prefer unhealthy fd t healthy fd.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的And, with the lack f healthy fd chices, these areas typically have a large supply f unhealthy fds sld at fast­fd cmpanies and cnvenience stres.可知，在食物荒漠地区存在大量快餐公司售卖不健康食品的原因是：当地人缺乏健康食品的选择。故选C项。
6．We can learn frm Paragraph 5 that the lw­incme peple.
A．are less likely t have verweight prblems
B．are nt delighted t prepare fd fr themselves
C．have t buy fd that can be preserved lnger
D．are used t eating fd dnated by fd cmpanies
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的When mney is nt enugh, peple tend t buy fds that last lnger and remve fd waste, which is a waste f their limited incme.可知，当钱不够时，人们倾向于购买可以储存更久的食物。故选C项。
7．What stps peple frm understanding healthy eating benefits in the fd deserts?
A．Their high healthcare cst due t the chrnic diseases.
B．Their lng established eating habits.
C．The gvernment's lack f financial supprt.
D．Their lack f educatin and knwledge in nutritin.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The bigger issue was likely the lack f educatin and nutritinal knwledge in these cmmunities, which prevents peple with lwer incmes frm understanding the benefits f healthy eating.可知，在食物荒漠地区缺乏教育和营养知识使得人们无法理解健康食物的好处。故选D项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The wrld is a clrful landscape f different languages, skin clrs, and different cultures.It's imprtant t have a gd understanding f different cultures in rder t becme a well­runded persn. 1
One way is t read bks written by authrs frm a particular culture.Reading wrks by authrs wh have a clse relatinship with a particular culture allws peple t gain an authentic glimpse int the fd, music, language, religin, and way f a life f a particular grup f peple. 2
Anther way t learn abut different cultures is t try t learn a freign language. 3 A persn can chse a language she has always wanted t learn and lcate learning prgrams t help her master the language.Besides, ne can enrll in a freign language class in rder t learn in a mre frmal setting.One can als try t visit areas f the city t establish scial cnnectin with native speakers f the language.
4 Seek ut restaurants that feature authentic fd frm a variety f cuntries.Fd is an imprtant part f different cultures and allws peple t gain deep understanding int a particular cultural grup's way f life.
Cmmunicating with peple frm ther cuntries thrugh email r snail mail is anther useful way t becme familiar with different cultures. 5 Varius websites ffer pen pal services, ffering t cnnect individuals with pen friends arund the wrld.
A．Trying authentic fd frm a specific cultural grup is als a great idea.
B．The Internet has made it pssible t cmmunicate with thers frm different cuntries.
C．Making cntact with native speakers f the language allws ne t gain firsthand knwledge.
D．There are several ways t becme knwledgeable abut different cultures.
E．Stries based n a lcal culture expse ne t a different culture.
F．One way t develp this appreciatin is t try t team abut ther cultures arund the wrld.
G．A variety f language­learning bks, sftware, and audi prgrams is available.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。世界是由不同语言、不同肤色和不同文化构成的丰富多彩的景观，因此，欣赏不同的文化很重要。文章介绍了几种可以欣赏不同文化的方法。
1．选D 前文It's imprtant t have a gd understanding f different cultures in rder t becme a well­runded persn.与D项There are several ways t becme knwledgeable abut different cultures.承接自然，different cultures是关键词，且D项在此处起开启下文的作用，故选D项。
2．选E 上文Reading wrks by authrs wh have a clse relatinship with a particular culture allws peple t gain an authentic glimpse int the fd, music, language, religin, and way f a life f a particular grup f peple.与E项Stries based n a lcal culture expse ne t a different culture.承接自然，上下文都讲述基于当地文化的著作，particular culture和lcal culture是关键词，故选E项。
3．选G 前文Anther way t learn abut different cultures is t try t learn a freign language.与G项A variety f language­learning bks, sftware, and audi prgrams is available.承接自然，上文讲述通过学习语言来学习一种文化，G项紧接着讲述如何学习语言，language是关键词，故选G项。
4．选A 本段讲述通过食物来了解文化，A项Trying authentic fd frm a specific cultural grup is als a great idea.与下文承接自然，上下文话题一致，fd是关键词，故选A项。
5．选B 下文Varius websites ffer pen pal services, ffering t cnnect individuals with pen friends arund the wrld.与B项The Internet has made it pssible t cmmunicate with thers frm different cuntries.承接自然，上下文都讲述通过网络来与别的国家的人交流，website和Internet是关键词，故选B项。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你每周日上午都会去交换生Alice那里教她制作中式早餐。本周日的安排因你爷爷生日而改到下午。请你给她写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．本周学习时间变更及原因；
2．本周学习内容：制作包子(steamed stuffed bun)；
3．课前准备：面粉、猪肉及蔬菜。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。



参考范文：
Dear Alice，
Hw's everything ging?
I am writing t infrm yu that I have t change the time fr the next lessn frm mrning t afternn because this Sunday will be my grandfather's birthday, and all my families will get tgether in the mrning t celebrate.
The cntent f the next lessn is t learn making steamed stuffed buns, which are very cmmn n Chinese peple's breakfast list.T prepare fr the lessn, I suggest yu buy sme flur, prk and vegetables ahead f time.Cntact me if yu have any prblem with my arrangement.
Yurs，
Li Hua