2022版高考英语一轮复习练案22必修4Module4GreatScientists练习含解析外研版20210520271学案

这是一份2022版高考英语一轮复习练案22必修4Module4GreatScientists练习含解析外研版20210520271学案，共9页。
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2021·赣州市十四县市联考)
I am a scial wrker.I wanted t tell everyne abut my very dear friend wh passed away a few mnths ag.
I met him many years ag while ding my internship (实习期) in the cuntry prisn.He was 1.C a prgram he had designed t help prisners with drug and alchl prblems.He was always 2.B new ways t bring hpe and help t these men and their 3.B .
One f his favrite 4.A was the Ty Drive.He wuld run every Christmas fr the children f the prisners.He did this fr twenty years 5.D his sudden death.As last Christmas 6.C ， I decided that this traditin had t be 7.C ， fr the children as well as the 8.D f my friend.
But the file where he kept the names f the peple wh had been helped by him ver the years was 9.D .I had t start a new (重新) and with very little 10.A ! I started making phne calls, explaining abut the prject and my 11.A .I prayed every night that the event wuld, 12.C ， be wrthy f my friend.T my great 13.C ， individuals, churches and businesses began t cme n bard and, 14.A ， I had enugh tys t give t all the children f the prisners with sme left ver fr the lcal cmmunity 15.B ！
When Christmas Eve finally arrived, I felt very happy, thinking I had dne all I culd d and reflecting n what a(n) 16.A it had been fr me.I was bagging up the remaining tys 17.B if there was anyne left wh might like them.Then my phne rang.
It was my daughter.She 18.D t explain abut a wman she knew in Kentucky wh had five children, ne seriusly ill, n husband, n heating in the hme, n tys! Oh! What culd we d?
My daughter and I drve all night, frm New Yrk t Kentucky, and thse children wke up in a nice warm huse with plenty f 19.C ！
My friend's 20.A f kindness lived n that year, reaching the way t Kentucky!
文章大意：本文主要讲述了作者多年前在实习期间被朋友帮助他人的精神所感动，而在朋友逝世后继续朋友的活动以使朋友的精神得以延续的感人故事。
1．A.recrding B．attending
C．directing D．imprving
解析：根据下文的“He wuld run every Christmas fr the children f the prisners.”，并与空后的“prgram”呼应可推知，作者的朋友当时负责这样的一个项目。recrd“记录；记载”；attend“参加；出席；到场”；imprve“提升”；direct“负责；管理”。
2．A.putting up with B．cming up with
C．keeping up with D．catching up with
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示想出办法。put up with“忍受”；cme up with“想出”；keep up with“跟上”；catch up with“赶上”。
3．A.grup B．family
C．cmpany D．club
解析：根据下文的“He wuld run every Christmas fr the children f the prisners.”可推知，作者的朋友不仅帮助那些服刑的人，而且还帮助他们的家人。
4．A.events B．sprts
C．hbbies D．games
解析：根据下文的“I started making phne calls，explaining abut the prject”可推知，此处作者介绍了朋友最喜欢做的活动项目，与下文的“I prayed every night that the event wuld， 12 ，be wrthy f my friend.”。呼应。event“事件；活动”。
5．A.after B．since
C．because D．until
解析：根据语境可推知，作者的朋友坚持了20年，一直做这样的活动，直到最后自己突然离世。
6．A.arrived B．fllwed
C．apprached D．finished
解析：根据语境可知，朋友去世后，在上一个圣诞节来临之际，作者准备把这个圣诞传统继续下去，且与下文的“When Christmas Eve finally arrived”呼应。apprach“临近”。
7．A.carried ut B．lived n
C．carried n D．lived ut
解析：参见上题解析。carry ut“实行”；live n“以……为生”；carry n“继续”；live ut“不住在工作场所；实现某事(指曾计划或期望的事)”。
8．A.benefit B．memry
C．pleasure D．favr
解析：上一个圣诞节来临之际，为了孩子们，也为了朋友的善意行为，作者决定延续这一传统。benefit“好处；益处”；memry“记忆”；pleasure“乐趣”；favr“善意的行为”。
9．A.active B．extra
C．hiding D．missing
解析：根据下文的“I had t start a new(重新)and with very little 10 .”可推知，之前朋友所帮助过的人的信息都丢失了，作者不得不重新获取。extra“额外的；另外的”；missing“找不到的；丢失的”。
10．A.time B．pressure
C．energy D．cnfidence
解析：根据上文的“As last Christmas 6 ，I decided that this traditin had t be 7 ，fr the children as well as the 8 f my friend.”可知，圣诞节马上来临了，作者找到朋友帮助过的人的信息的时间并不多。pressure“压力”；energy“能量”；cnfidence“信心”。
11．A.difficulties B．impressin
C．imprtance D．atmsphere
解析：在时间紧、文件丢失的情况下，作者要继续朋友生前的活动是困难的。impressin“印象”；atmsphere“气氛”。
12．A.therwise B．hwever
C．smehw D．thugh
解析：根据语境可推知，作者每晚祈祷，这样的活动能以某种方式配得上朋友。therwise“否则；要不然”；smehw“以某种方式”。
13．A.curisity B．disappintment
C．relief D．thught
解析：根据下文的“individuals，churches and businesses began t cme n bard”可推知，大家都来帮忙，因此作者很宽慰。curisity“好奇心”；disappintment“失望”；relief“宽慰”。
14．A.eventually B．ccasinally
C．abslutely D．generally
解析：根据下文的“I had enugh tys”可推知，作者在大家的帮助下，最终收集到了活动所需要的足够多的玩具。eventually“最终”；ccasinally“偶尔；偶然；间或”；abslutely“完全地；绝对地”；generally“总体上来说；大致”。
15．A.in particular B．as well
C．nce mre D．at first
解析：根据上文的“with sme left ver fr the lcal cmmunity”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不仅够活动本身用，还有剩余。in particular“尤其；特别”；as well“也”；nce mre“再一次”；at first“开始”。
16．A.hnr B．pity
C．burden D．discvery
解析：根据上文的“I felt very happy”可推知，作者成功地举办了圣诞节活动，感觉能够为逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的荣幸。hnr“荣誉；荣幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“负担”；discvery“发现”。
17．A.predicting B．wndering
C．evaluating D．realizing
解析：根据上文的“I was bagging up the remaining tys”，并与本句中的if条件句呼应可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜欢剩余的玩具。predict“预计”；wnder“想知道”；evaluate“评估”；realize“实现；意识到”。
18．A.drve B．came
C．returned D．called
解析：根据上文的“Then my phne rang.”和“It was my daughter.”可知，是作者的女儿打来了电话。
19．A.chclates B．candies
C．tys D．flwers
解析：根据语境可推知，作者和女儿一路驱车去很远的地方给孩子们送圣诞节玩具。
20．A.spirit B．psitin
C．curage D．attentin
解析：根据上文可知，作者的朋友已经逝世，作者通过把其生前的活动继续下去，让这种仁慈的精神继续存活。spirit“精神”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2020·石家庄市一模)
When Gitanjali Ra shared hw she likes “finding slutins t real prblems”， it was hard t imagine this dynamic girl culd settle a prblem that had escaped scientists fr years.
In just three mnths, Ra came up with a device (装置) that can replace the cstly and lengthy tests currently used t reliably determine lead levels in ur fresh water.Inspired by the current litigatin (诉讼)in Flint, Michigan, a case f water pllutin frm 2014 until present, Ra designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named “America's tp yung scientist” fr 2017.
Ra had been fllwing the water prblem fr abut tw years.She was amazed by the number f peple affected by lead pllutin in water and wanted t d smething t change this.Ra spent mnths trying t cnvince lcal high schls and clleges t give her lab time t cntinue her experiment.At hme, Ra wrked n her prject in the “science rm” she asked her parents t create fr her.Ra has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetth reader and an app.T put it simply, the cartridge cntains carbn nantubes (纳米管) that react t lead.This reactin is then registered by the Bluetth reader, which sends a signal t a mbile app that can tell yu immediately if yur water is safe t drink.
Ra apprpriately named the device Tethys and is hping t make a little imprvement t get the device n the market.While we may nt be aware f any lead pllutin present in ur aging pipelines, lead pisning can cause delays in physical and mental develpment.With Ra believing that the “purpse f science is t make a difference”， her incredible inventin culd make a difference t millins f peple in the United States.
文章大意：该文主要介绍了一个女孩发明了一款可以检测水中铅水平的装置，从而解决了一个科学家多年来忽视的问题。
1．What d we knw abut Ra's device？ A
A．It's cheap and quick.
B．It's cheap and inaccurate.
C．It's expensive and reliable.
D．It's prtable and time­cnsuming.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In just three mnths, Ra came up with a device(装置) that can replace the cstly and lengthy tests currently used t reliably determine lead levels in ur fresh water.”可推知，与以前又贵又费时的设备相比，Ra所发明的设备既便宜又省时。与第三段最后一句“This reactin is then registered by the Bluetth reader, which sends a signal t a mbile app that can tell yu immediately if yur water is safe t drink.”相呼应。故选A。
2．What made Ra have the idea f designing the device？ D
A．Her parents' suggestins.
B．Her desire fr winning the award.
C．Her interest in settling real prblems.
D．The water pllutin litigatin in Flint.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Inspired by the current litigatin(诉讼) in Flint, Michigan, a case f water pllutin frm 2014 until present, Ra designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named ‘America's tp yung scientist’ fr 2017.”可知，Ra设计测试水中铅水平的装置的想法是受一个水污染诉讼的启发。故选D。
3．What d the carbn nantubes functin as？ B
A．Sending immediate signals.
B．Detecting the presence f lead.
C．Recrding the reactin results.
D．Shwing the water quality results.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“T put it simply, the cartridge cntains carbn nantubes(纳米管) that react t lead.”可推知，这个碳纳米管是可以对铅起反应的，因此可以检测出水中是否含有铅。故选B。
4．What des the authr think f Ra's inventin？ B
A．It will lead Ra t make a frtune.
B．It will help millins f Americans drink safe water.
C．It will prmte the develpment f science in America.
D．It will sn settle the lead­plluted prblem thrughly.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While we may nt be aware f any lead pllutin present in ur aging pipelines, lead pisning can cause delays in physical and mental develpment.” “her incredible inventin culd make a difference t millins f peple in the United States”和对本段的整体理解可推知，作者认为Ra的发明可以帮助人们快速检测出水是否含有铅，从而可以大大提高人们饮用水的安全性，意义重大。故选B。
Ⅲ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
(2020·江西省名校高三联考)
Are yu happy with yur appearance? 1.B
“Almst all the girls with single­fld eyelids (单眼皮) in ur class have had duble eyelid peratins，” Zeng, a Senir 2 student frm Chengdu, tld Xinhua.Zeng had the same surgery dne this summer. 2.E
Frm ppular pht­editing apps t plastic surgery (整形手术), it seems that large eyes, pale skin and a skinny bdy are the nly standard fr beauty these days.But can fllwing this standard really make us feel gd abut urselves?
3.C Accrding t Huxiu News, ver six in ten girls chse nt t take part in certain daily activities, such as attending schl, because they feel bad abut their lks.As much as 31 percent f teenagers avid speaking up in class because they wrry that thers will ntice their lks.
Many teenagers are upset abut their appearance because they believe in unrealistic standards f beauty, experts say. 4.G Seeing all these things can make anyne believe that they're t dark, t fat, t shrt, r t tall.
Hwever, trying t live up t strict standards can make us feel anxius.What trubles us is nt just ur “imperfect” lks, but the fact that we criticize urselves t much.
5.A Plus­size mdels are being featured in sme fashin shws.All f us shuld be just as cnfident as they are.
A．Beauty cmes in all shapes and sizes.
B．Sme teenagers might feel negative abut their appearance.
C．Bdy image anxiety is cmmn amng teenagers.
D．Guys care just as much as girls d abut their bdy image.
E．She and many f her classmates believe bigger eyes lk mre beautiful.
F．It's cmmn fr teenagers t feel cnfident abut their appearance.
G．Perfect faces and bdies are everywhere in advertising, TV shws and scial media.
文章大意：本文主要讨论了青少年如何看待自己的外貌，鼓励青少年要对自己的外貌有信心，美的形式各有不同。
解析：
1．承接上文“Are yu happy with yur appearance？”并结合选项可知，选项B对此问题作出了回应。所以选用B选项。
2．根据语境及空前一句“Zeng had the same surgery dne this summer.”可知，Zeng也做了双眼皮手术。故E项“她和许多同学认为大眼睛看起来更漂亮。”符合语境，承接上文。
3．本段主要讲的是很多青少年对自己的外貌不满意，甚至感到焦虑。故C项“外貌焦虑在青少年中很普遍。”适合作本段主题句。
4．根据空后的“Seeing all these things can make anyne believe that they're t dark，t fat，t shrt，r t tall.”，并结合上文“unrealistic standards f beauty”可推知，通过与非现实的美形成对比，许多青少年对自己的外貌有自卑感，与选项G的内容联系紧密。所以选用G选项。
5．根据下文“All f us shuld be just as cnfident as they are.”可知，本段主要讲的是要对自己的外貌有信心，美的形式多种多样，而不是只有一个标准。所以选用A选项。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hardly can yu succeed 1.in ding smething perfectly the first time yu d it. 2.Therefre/Thus ，when yu d smething fr the first time，it is time t give up the idea f perfectin.
I remember the first time I 3.drve (drive) a car in traffic after getting my driver's license.I was very nervus in that heavy traffic—my driving style shwed that I wasn't a very cnfident driver.Nw I'm much mre 4.experienced (experience) as a driver. 5.Thugh/Althugh/While I still dn't cnsider myself a perfect ne，I'm much mre cnfident behind the wheel than 6.what I was when I started.
In general， 7.it is useless wrking hard fr ding smething perfectly when yu d it fr the first time.Yu are setting the bar s high that yu just feel bad when yu are 8.unable (able) t meet the level yu have set.
Als，perfectin is just anther way 9.t delay (delay)，s trying t be perfect is just 10.a waste f time.Yu shuld wrk hard fr excellence instead.
文章大意：本文利用自己的经历来说明第一次做某事的时候不要追求完美，追求完美不仅会耽误事情，也会浪费时间。
解析：
1．考查介词。句意：第一次做某事的时候是几乎不可能做到完美的。succeed in ding sth.意为“成功做某事”，为固定搭配。故填in。
2．考查副词。句意：因此，当你第一次做某事的时候，也就是你要放弃完美的时候。根据两个句子之间的关系可知，此处应是表示结果的副词，又因为空格后面的标点符号是逗号。故填Therefre或Thus。
3．考查动词的时态。句意：我记得在我拿到驾照后第一次开车。句中的the first time引导的时间状语从句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过去时。故填drve。
4．考查形容词。句意：现在我开车熟练多了。分析句子结构可知，此处应是形容词作表语。故填experienced。
5．Thugh/Althugh/While 考查连词。句意：虽然我现在仍然认为自己不完美，但是现在比刚开始开车的时候自信了很多。句子前后两部分是转折关系，所以此处应填引导让步状语从句的连词。故填Thugh/Althugh/While。
6．考查名词性从句。句意见上一题解析。根据句子结构及句意可知than后面的句子中缺少表语。故填连接代词what。
7．考查代词。句意：通常情况下，当你第一次做某事时，努力要做到完美是没有用的。It is useless ding sth.意为“做某事是没有用的”，为固定句型，it是形式主语，后面的动名词是真正的主语。故填it。
8．考查词形转换。句意：你设定的目标太高，以至于当你不能达到这一标准时，你会感到难过。根据句意可知，此处应该是表示否定的意思，所以要用able的反义词。故填unable。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，完美是另外一种耽误时间的方式……way意为“方式；方法”时，后面常用动词不定式作定语。故填t delay。
10．考查冠词。句意：……所以，努力想要达到完美只是浪费时间。a waste f time意为“浪费时间”，为固定搭配。故填a。