初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版九年级全册Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?综合与测试导学案及答案
展开这是一份初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版九年级全册Unit 5 What are the shirts made of?综合与测试导学案及答案,共21页。
U5讲义2021-2022学年人教版九年级英语
第一部分:词汇精讲
1、discover 发现
【拓展】同义词invent
invent意为“发明”,指通过劳动,运用聪明才智“发明/创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。
Who invented the telephone?
discover意为“发现”,表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误,即指发现原来客观存在但不为人知的事物,也可表示发现已为人知的事物的新的性质或用途。
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
2、make 制作
【拓展】
be made of 用。。。(材料)制成的(能看出原材料)
be made from 用。。。(材料)制成的(看不出原材料)
be made in 在。。。(地点)制造
be made into被制成。。。
be made up of由。。。组成
be made by 由某人制作、用什么方式制成
例句:
These chairs are made of wood.
Bread is made from wheat.
My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.
The piece of wood will be made into a small bench.
3、avoid v. 避免,回避
表示“避免”“回避”“躲避”,本身为及物动词,后接宾语不要想当然误加介词。
I think she is avoiding me. 我想她是在躲着我。
【拓展】后接动词时要用动名词,不能用不定式。即:avoid doing sth
You should avoid mentioning his divorce. 你要避免提及他离婚的事。
He dyed his beard to avoid being recognized. 他染了胡子,以免我们认出他。
有时动名词前可以有自己的逻辑主语。
They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. 他们建了一堵新墙防止土壤流失。
Mary tried to walk by the side of the road so that she could avoid getting wet by the running car. 玛丽尽量靠路边行走以便不被路过的汽车溅湿。
4、find out, 查出,找到。 指有目的,经过一定努力才找到。
The police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train. 警察正在查找这个男孩是从哪下的火车。
【辨析】find, find out与look for
find,find out和look for都含有“寻找、找到”的意思,但其含义和用法却不同。
① find意为“找到、发现”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况,强调的是找的结果。
【例句】
Will you find me a pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗?
He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。
② look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。
【例句】
I don’t find my pen,I’m looking for it everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔,我正到处找。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
③ find out意为“找出、发现、查明”,多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
【例句】
Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage,and find out the answer to this question. 读这篇短文,找出这个问题的答案。
第二部分:重点句型
1. Yes, both in the past and now.是的,不论是过去还是现在。
【短语】
both...and...意为“不仅。。。而且。。。,。。。和。。。都。。。”,只能用来连接两个并列的词或短语,不能用来连接句子。
Both you and I are students.
【拓展】
both...and...相对应的连词结构是neither...nor...(既不。。。也不。。。)
Neither you nor I am a student.
例:Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years.Today it is still loved by both the young and the old.
2、For example,Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea.比如,安溪和杭州因茶叶而广为人知。
【短语】
be known for 因。。。而著名,相当于be famous for
【拓展】
be known as 作为。。。而著名,相当于be famous as
Her mother is known for her cooking skills.
【辨析】be famous for与be famous as
这两个短语都是“以。。。而著名”的意思,但它们在含义和用法上有区别:
当主语是表示人的名词时,be famous for表示“以某种知识、技能、作品或特征而出名”,be famous as则表示“以某身份而出名”。
Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.
Einstein was famous as a great scientist.
当主语是地点名词时,be famous for表示“以某种特点(产品)而出名”;be famous as则表示“以什么样的产地而出名”。
Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside.
The area is famous as a green tea producing place.
当主语是事物名词时,be
famous for表示“以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知”;be famous as则表示“以某种形式出名”。
This grammar book is famous for its practical usage.
This book is famous as a reference book.
3、It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.好像全世界的人都喝中国茶。
【词汇】seem “好像,似乎,看来”,在本句中接不定式(to do)作表语。
I seem to have left my book at home.
【拓展】seem的其他用法
(1)后接形容词 She seems very angry.
(2)后接名词 John seems a nice man.
(3)与like连用,即seem like,意为“好像,似乎” It seems like not a bad idea at that time.
(4)后接从句,即it seems that...意为“看来好像。。。,似乎。。。”
It seemed that he was very happy.
在此句型中,it为形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,表示“看来,好像”。强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近实际情况的判断,可以说表示事实。可以转换成“名词或代词+seem+动词不定式”句型,其意不变,如果不定式为“to be+形容词”时,to be往往省略。
(5)There seem(s)to be...是there be句型的变形,意为“某地似乎有。。。”
There seems to be nothing left.
4、There is a lot of research on how languages are learnt.有很多关于如何学习语言的研究。
【辨析】a lot,a lot of,lots of的用法区别
a lot是口语中的一个常用词组,多用于肯定句,有时也用于疑问句。其主要用法有如下几点:
作名词短语,表示“很多,大量”,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,其后常有动词不定式短语作后置定语。 He’s given her a lot to eat.
作副词短语,在句中作程度状语,表示“很,非常”,修饰动词、感叹词、介词短语、形容词或副词的比较级。 Thanks a lot. He is feeling a lot better.
a lot前可被such,quite,rather修饰。 I like him quite a lot.
【拓展】a lot of=lots of,可修饰可数或不可数名词,意为“许多,大量”,相当于many或much。a lot,a lot of,lots of通常用于肯定句,否定句一般用many或much。
There is a lot of work to do and a lot of people have been sent there.
【辨析】on和about表示“关于”的辨析
on常用于较正式场合,着重指内容的严肃性、学术性及深度。一般指学术专著。
A report on the international situation.关于国际形势的报告。
about多用于口语中,表示的内容较为普通,用于提及有关的生活杂事、小事及人和物。
The teacher will tell her a story about Edison.
Did you read about it in the newspaper yesterday?
5、No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
无论你买什么,你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。
【句型】此句为由no matter +特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。意为“无论….”,相当于whatever.
No matter what I said to her, she still didn’t believe me.无论我对她说什么,她仍然不相信我。
【拓展】no matter用法
no matter常用作连词词组,作“不管”、“无论”解,后接what / who/ when等词,引导让步状语从句,主要用于“no matter what / which / who / whose / where / when / how…+主句”句型中。我们在运用时,应注意以下几点。
(1)从句的时态
no matter what / who / when…表示无论在什么条件下进行随意的选择,都会出现主句所发生的情况,因此,从句中可用一般现在时表示未发生的动作。
No matter when he comes again,he’ll be welcome。不管他何时再来,他都会受到欢迎。
No matter how many patients come, we shall be able to look after them。无论来多少病人,我们都照料得了。
(2)被修饰的名词或形容词、副词的位置
no matter what / which / whose还可以修饰名词,此名词必须紧跟其后,置于从句的主语之前;no matter how修饰形容词或副词时亦如此。
No matter whose bag it is, it will be kept here until the owner returns。 不管这是谁的包,都要保管到主人回来。
We’ll have to find the job, no matter how long it takes。 不管花多长时间,我们都得找到工作。
(3)no matter who, what, when等引导让步状语从句时,可与whoever, whatever, whenever等换用。
No matter who knocks,don’t open the door。 = Whoever knocks don’t open the door。 不管谁敲门,都不要开门。
第三部分:语法点拨
一般现在时的被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词
许多人都踢足球。Many people play football.=Football is played by many people.
被动语态的构成
由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。如果需要强调动作或行为的执行者时,在其后接“by...”,意为“被。。。”
主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语
2.谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态
3.主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可省略)
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义,可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态: 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态: 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如: Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people.
被动语态中by短语的省略
被动语态中的“by+宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者。但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者的by短语常常被省略。
1.动作执行者不确定时 Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year.
2.不必表明动作执行者时 These trees were planted last year.
3.动作执行者为一般大众时 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.
4.下面这些动词短语本身已经是被动形式,不需要再加by短语
be interested in对。。。感兴趣 be made of/from由。。。制成
be covered with用。。。覆盖 be surprised at 对。。。感到惊奇
被动语态的基本用法
需要强调动作的承受者时 Water is needed very much by the crops here.
不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时 Sandy was invited to a party after school.
当说话人需要强调客观时 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be fine.
被动语态应注意的问题
主动语态与被动语态不是可以随便换用的,在一般情况下,主动句比被动句更经常地使用。但有些情况主动句不能变为被动句。
1.反身代词、相互代词以及同源宾语不能变为被动语态
You should help and learn from each other.
2.动词或动词短语,如have,wish,cost,agree with,arrive at/in,succeed in,take part in,belong to等,不能变为被动语态
The car belongs to me.
They had a class meeting yesterday.
3.被动语态与系表结构的区别
“be+过去分词”这一结构可能是被动语态,也可能是系表结构。它们的区别在于:被动语态强调动作,而系表结构表示主语的特征和所处的状态。
The window of my room was broken by a boy. 被动语态
The window of my room was broken. 系表结构
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