外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science达标测试

这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science达标测试，共12页。

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The cmputer has been used (use) every day since we bught it.
2. My MacBk Pr brke dwn and my paper has been left (leave) unfinished since.
3. Mre than 50, 000 yuan has been raised (raise) fr the pr family since the grup was funded.
4. Black Friday has been regarded(regard) as the beginning f the hliday shpping seasn fr years.
5. Many freign films have been shwn (shw) n TV since last mnth.
6. —Have yu heard abut that fire in the market?
—Yes, frtunately n ne was hurt (hurt).
7. Sme effrts were made(make) t imprve the air quality in the city last winter.
8. Over the past three years, the paintings have been taken (take) t mre than 20 museums in the wrld.
9. This is the first time that a wman has been appinted (appint) t the pst.
10. The famus musician, as well as his students, was invited (invite) t perfrm at the pening ceremny last night.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. When yu get the paper back, pay special attentin t what has been marked.
当你把纸拿回来的时候, 要特别注意做了标记的东西。
2. Paper mney has been used fr ver ne thusand years. 纸币已被使用了1 000多年了。
3. —Hw many times have yu been tld nt t play with fire?
—I’m srry. I’ll never d that again.
——有多少次你被告知不要玩火?
——我很抱歉。我再也不会那样做了。
4. In the last few years thusands f films have been prduced all ver the wrld.
在过去的几年里, 世界各地已经制作了数千部电影。
5. I want t buy that kind f clth because I have been tld the clth washes well.
我想买那种布, 因为有人告诉我这种布很耐洗。
6. Yu can g hme as sn as yur task has been finished. 你的任务一完成你就可以回家。
7. Have the new bking systems fr tickets been used?
新的订票制度已在使用中了吗?
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
The wrld’s first hydrgen-pwered trains have begun running in Germany. They began carrying passengers n Mnday in Germany’s nrthern Lwer Saxny state. The new train will run 100-kilmeter trips and can travel up t 140 kilmeters an hur.
A French railrad cmpany called Alstm built the tw trains. Teams in Germany and France cperated n the prject, which was supprted by the German gvernment. The new train mdel, called the Cradia iLint, signals the beginning f effrts in Germany and ther natins t mve away frm pllutin-prducing diesel(柴油) trains.
Cmpared with the diesel trains, the Cradia iLint is designed t run n nn-electrified train lines with lw levels f nise. It uses a prcess that cmbines hydrgen and xygen t prduce electrical pwer. If the system prduces mre energy than the train needs at that time, it can stre the extra energy in batteries. The nly emissins(排放物) are water and steam.
A single tank f hydrgen can run a Cradia iLint train fr abut 1, 000 kilmeters. This is very similar t the distance a diesel-pwered train can run n with a single tank.
Hydrgen-pwered trains cst mre than diesel trains t build. But Alstm fficials say the perating csts are much lwer. The cmpany plans t prvide anther 14 Cradia iLint trains t Lwer Saxny by 2021.
The head f railrad peratins in the area, Carmen Schwabl, praised replacing diesel trains with hydrgen. She said the mve was an imprtant first step in using clean-burning technlgies t reach climate prtectin gals. Officials say the area’s many wind turbines (涡轮机) will prduce part f the energy t create the hydrgen t pwer the trains. Alstm says several ther Eurpean cuntries have als expressed interest in develping hydrgen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrgen train t be perating by 2022.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车。
1. Why did Germany build the new trains?
A. T make traveling much easier.
B. T carry mre passengers.
C. T replace diesel trains.
D. T develp friendship with France.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句The new train mdel, called the Cradia iLint, signals the beginning f effrts in Germany and ther natins t mve away frm pllutin-prducing diesel trains. (这款名为Cradia iLint的新列车标志着德国和其他国家开始努力摆脱产生污染的柴油列车。)可知, 德国建造新火车的目的是取代柴油火车。故选C。
2. It can be cncluded that hydrgen trains_______.
A. are widely used
B. can prduce water and xygen
C. can stp air pllutin
D. are envirnmentally friendly
【解析】选D。推理判断题。由文中第三段Cmpared with the diesel trains, the Cradia iLint is designed t run n nn-electrified train lines with lw levels f nise. 和The nly emissins are water and steam. 可知, 新的氢动力火车具有低噪音的特点, 且其仅有的排放物是水和蒸汽, 所以是环保的, 故D为正确答案。
3. What might be the best title fr the text?
A. Wrld’s First Hydrgen Trains
B. Effrts t Reduce Emissins
C. Saving Natural Resurces
D. A New Way t Make Electricity
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The wrld’s first hydrgen-pwered trains have begun running in Germany. ”和全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点。所以A项Wrld’s First Hydrgen Trains(世界上第一批氢火车)符合文章大意。故选A。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Luckily, I gt fur turkeys this hliday. I 1 nly ne f them. I knew my neighbr was ging thrugh a hard time, s I decided t give ne t them as a 2 .
That still 3 me with tw extra turkeys. I 4 t ck ne f them, make sandwiches and 5 them t an area f twn where many peple seem t be in need f fd and a little kindness.
While I was waiting fr the bus t get there, I saw tw peple that I thught might 6 sandwiches. The mment they came near, I 7 them each a sandwich and tld them t have a gd day.
On the bus, a yung mther gt n with her little girl. I ffered her a sandwich, and she 8 accepted. Then I started giving them t ther 9 , alng with smile cards, and they als 10 with smiles. By this pint, I was 11 happiness and culdn’t help smiling. I felt 12 because f that.
When we gt t the bus terminal, I had given away five sandwiches. The act f giving, the care shared and the 13 smiles just made my heart filled with s much 14 . I think what I have dne is gd fr everyne, 15 I will d this again sn.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者向陌生人赠送火鸡三明治, 陌生人投以微笑, 彼此都感到快乐。
1. A. needed B. nticed C. rdered D. saved
【解析】选A。根据上文的“gt fur turkeys this hliday”及下文的“I decided t give ne t them”和“tw extra turkeys”可知, 作者只需要(needed)一只火鸡。
2. A. prizeB. giftC. chiceD. wish
【解析】选B。根据上文的“hliday”及“give”可知, 作者决定把一只火鸡作为礼物(gift)送给邻居。
3. A. filledB. upsetC. prvidedD. left
【解析】选D。根据上文作者需要一只, 送给邻居一只及下文“tw extra turkeys”可知, 作者还剩余(left)两只火鸡。
4. A. learnedB. waitedC. helpedD. decided
【解析】选D。根据第二段第一句可知, 作者还有两只火鸡, 这里指作者决定把其中一只做成三明治。
5. A. mailB. lendC. sellD. take
【解析】选D。由_______them t an area f twn where. . . kindness可知, 作者决定把其中一只做成三明治带给他人。
6. A. haveB. makeC. likeD. buy
【解析】选C。根据下文作者送给这两个人三明治可知, 作者认为这两个人也许喜欢(like)三明治。
7. A. ckedB. fferedC. fundD. paid
【解析】选B。由本句后半部分“and tld them t have a gd day”可知, 作者主动赠给(ffered)这两个人火鸡三明治。
8. A. gladlyB. secretly
C. seriuslyD. suddenly
【解析】选A。根据下文“they als_______with smiles”可知, 这位母亲高兴地(gladly)接受了三明治。
9. A. passengersB. shppers
C. neighbrsD. drivers
【解析】选A。作者在公交车上, 所以把三明治送给其他乘客(passengers)。
10. A. refusedB. tried
C. acceptedD. explained
【解析】选C。由下文“with smiles”可知, 其他乘客也高兴地接受了(accepted)三明治。
11. A. expecting B. requesting
C. recrdingD. achieving
【解析】选D。根据下文“and culdn’t help smiling”可知, 作者收获着(achieving)幸福。
12. A. busyB. greatC. safeD. nervus
【解析】选B。根据上文“I was _______happiness and culdn’t help smiling”可知, 给陌生人赠送三明治让作者觉得棒极了(great)。
13. A. surprisedB. sad
C. frcedD. weak
【解析】选A。作者给陌生人火鸡三明治, 当然会让他们感到惊讶, 所以他们的笑容也是惊讶的(surprised)。
14. A. jyB. calmnessC. curageD. wrry
【解析】选A。由上文“I was _______happiness and culdn’t help smiling”可知, 作者内心充满喜悦(jy)。
15. A. ifB. thughC. butD. s
【解析】选D。作者认为自己所做的对每个人都有好处, 所以(s)不久会再做一次。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Rme wasn’t built in a day. Nearly tw decades have passed since China launched the first Beidu satellite in 2000. Since then, mre Beidu satellites have been sent int rbit, 1. __________(frm) the Beidu Navigatin Satellite System (BDS).
In late 2012, BDS 2. __________(begin) prviding services t peple in China and ther parts f the Asia-Pacific regin. At the end f 2018, it started t prvide glbal services. Nw with tw mre Beidu satellites 3. (launch) n Dec. 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in rbit. It 4. __________(expect) t greatly imprve the system’s ability t serve 5. __________(user) wrldwide.
Althugh a satellite-based navigatin system needs nly 24 satellites t run
6. __________(prper), having 53 allws fr better cverage.
This is 7. __________it wrks: a signal receiver n Earth measures its distance frm at least three satellites by recrding the amunt f time it takes 8. __________
(receive) their signals. Then it can calculate its lcatin. With s many satellites, BDS can prvide 9. __________mre accurate calculatin. While GPS prvides meter-level psitining accuracy, BDS reduces the errr 10. centimeters. This service is especially useful fr land surveying, mapping, agriculture and autmated driving.
Future plans call fr a smarter and mre accessible system with Beidu at its cre, t cme nline by 2035. By then, we can prbably say that Rme has finally been built.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国自主研发的北斗定位系统, 包括其发展、作用、运行模式、优势等。
1. 【解析】frming。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分和句子结构可知, 句中已有谓语动词have been sent, 无连词, 可推断这是一个简单句, 所以设空处用作非谓语动词, 在句中充当状语;设空处与逻辑主语Beidu satellites之间是主动关系, 所以要用现在分词。故填frming。
2. 【解析】began。考查谓语动词时态。分析句子成分可知, 句中缺少谓语动词, 可推断设空处充当谓语;根据时间状语In late 2012可知, 应该用一般过去时。故填began。
3. 【解析】launched。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分和句子结构可知, 句中已有谓语动词has, 无连词, 可推断这是一个简单句, 所以设空处用作非谓语动词, 在句中充当宾语补足语;设空处与逻辑主语Beidu satellites之间是被动关系, 所以要用过去分词。故填launched。
4. 【解析】is expected。考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知, 句子缺少谓语动词, 可推断设空处充当谓语;结合文章时态可知, 应该用一般现在时;主语it指的是BDS, 与expect之间是被动关系, 所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is expected。
5. 【解析】users。考查名词复数。设空处位于不定式t serve后面, 充当宾语, 且此处指的是全世界的用户, 所以应该用复数形式, 泛指多个用户。故填users。
6. 【解析】prperly。考查副词。设空处位于非谓语动词t run后面, 起修饰作用, 修饰动词要用副词形式。故填prperly。
7. 【解析】hw。考查表语从句连接词。句意: 这是它如何运作的(模式)。分析句子成分和结构可知, 句中有系动词is和谓语动词wrks, 可推断含有两个句子, 所以设空处需要填入连接词;从句位于is后面, 是表语从句;根据后文的描述可知, 这里说明的是运行模式, 即如何运行, 所以要用连接副词hw。
8. 【解析】t receive。考查固定句型。分析句子“a signal receiver n Earth measures its distance frm at least three satellites by recrding the amunt f time it takes_______(receive) their signals”可知, 句中含有省略关系词that/which的定语从句it takes_______(receive) their signals, 修饰先行词time;关系词在从句中代替time充当takes的宾语, 此处考查固定句型it takes time t d sth. , 意为“做某事花费多少时间”。故填t receive。
9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句意: 因为有这么多的卫星, BDS可以提供一种更精确的计算结果。calculatin在句中意为计算结果, 是可数名词, 前面没有限定词, 无特指, 需要填不定冠词;mre发音的第一个音素为辅音音素。故填a。
10. 【解析】t。考查介词。句意: 尽管GPS提供到米的定位精确度, 但是BDS把误差减少到了厘米。根据句意可知, 此处考查固定表达reduce. . . t意为“减少到……”。故填t。
阅读理解
A
Rbert Jarvik, brn n May 11, 1946 in Michigan and raised in Stamfrd, is a medical scientist and researcher, wh played an imprtant rle in the inventin f the artificial heart. He was interested in medicine frm a yung age. He watched his father perfrm peratins and gained a patent (专利权) fr a machine applied in the medical peratin befre he graduated frm high schl.
Jarvik attended Syracuse University and cnsidered a career in art. When his father develped heart disease suddenly, he decided then t wrk n a medical career. He applied t medical schls, but was nt admitted t any schls in the US. Befre lng, he was admitted t the medical schl in Italy and stayed there fr tw years. He returned t get a degree in medicine frm New Yrk University in 1971.
After wrking fr a perid f time, Jarvik gt a jb in the rgan transplant (器官移植) prgram at the University f Utah in 1972. He wrked with the directr f the prgram, Willem Klff, wh invented the kidney dialysis (肾透析) machine.
By the time Jarvik came t the University f Utah, the rgan prgram had already develped the primary artificial heart. He imprved it by creating a diaphragm (膈膜), which slved many issues with the heart. Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, t be placed in a human patient, which was cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant inventins in human histry.
Barney Clark, a retired dentist suffering frm serius heart disease, received the Jarvik-7 transplant n December 2, 1982. He lived fr 112 days after the peratin, but the transplant was cnsidered a success. Thugh receiving criticism fr the risk f transplanting an artificial heart, the Jarvik-7 still became very imprtant fr patients wh were waiting fr a heart. In 1987, Jarvik mved t New Yrk City and frmed Jarvik Research Inc. He began develping a new heart — the Jarvik 2000. This smaller machine fits inside a patient’s heart rather than replacing the entire rgan.
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了美国著名的医学科学家——Rbert Jarvik在发明人造心脏方面做出了巨大的贡献。
1. What methd des the writer use t develp the passage?
A. By discussing research experiments.
B. By fllwing the natural time rder.
C. By presenting sme research results.
D. By cmparing pinins frm different fields.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。通读全文可知, 作者依据时间先后顺序对Rbert Jarvik进行了介绍。故选B。
2. The underlined wrd “issues” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “_______”.
A. items B. incidents
C. prblemsD. debates
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句He imprved it by creating a diaphragm, which slved many issues with the heart. 可知, 他通过创造膈膜来改善它, 这解决了有关心脏的许多问题。由此推知, issues意为“问题”。故选C。
3. Which f the fllwing incidents made Rbert Jarvik determine his life-lng career?
A. His father develped heart disease suddenly.
B. He received a patent fr the medical peratin.
C. He tk part in the rgan prgram at the University f Utah.
D. He was refused t be admitted t any medical schl in the US.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的When his father develped heart disease suddenly, he decided then t wrk n a medical career. 可知, 当他的父亲突然患上心脏病时, 他决定从事医疗事业。由此可知, Rbert Jarvik是在父亲突然患心脏病之后决定把医学作为自己的职业的。故选A。
4. What is the greatest achievement fr Rbert Jarvik as a medical scientist?
A. He invented the kidney dialysis machine.
B. He created the first artificial heart in 1981.
C. He created a diaphragm t fit inside a patient’s heart.
D. He did the first heart transplant peratin fr a patient.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, t be placed in a human patient, which was cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant inventins in human histry. 可知, 最终, 他在1981年创造了第一个人造心脏——Jarvik-7, 被放置在人类病人身上, 这被认为是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。由此可知, Rbert Jarvik创造了人类历史上第一个人造心脏, 这是他作为医学科学家的最伟大的成就。故选B。
【点睛】
做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句, 和题干进行比较, 再做出正确选择。如第4小题, What is the greatest achievement fr Rbert Jarvik as a medical scientist?要求判断出作为一名医学科学家, Rbert Jarvik最伟大的成就是什么。根据第四段中的Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, t be placed in a human patient, which was cnsidered ne f the mst imprtant inventins in human histry. 可知, 他在1981年创造了第一个人造心脏, 这被认为是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。由此可知, 创造了人类历史上第一个人造心脏是Rbert Jarvik作为医学科学家的最伟大的成就。故选B。
B
Chinese researchers have develped a rbt designed t help dctrs treat the COVID-19 and ther highly cntagius (传染的)diseases.
The machine has a lng rbtic arm attached t a base with wheels. It can perfrm sme f the same medical examinatin tasks as dctrs. Fr example, the device can listen t sunds made by patients’ hearts and lungs.
Cameras recrd the rbt’s activities, which are cntrlled at a distance s dctrs can avid cming in clse cntact with infected patients. Dctrs and ther medical wrkers can run the machine frm a nearby rm, r frm much farther away.
The rbt’s main designer is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and prfessr at China’s Tsinghua University in Beijing. He tld Reuters news agency that he gt the idea fr the machine when the number f cases f the COVID-19 was rising quickly in the city f Wuhan.
One f Zheng’s friends, head f Beijing’s Tsinghua Changgung Hspital, tld him that ne f the biggest prblems in dealing with COVID-19 was that healthcare wrkers treating patients were getting themselves infected. Zheng said he wanted t d smething t help this situatin.
S the engineer gathered a team and went t wrk n the rbt. Zheng said the team was able t change tw rbtic arms. The new rbt is almst cmpletely autmated (自动化的), Zheng said. It can even disinfect itself after perfrming actins invlving patient cntact.
“Dctrs are all very brave, ” Zheng tld Reuters. “But this virus is just t cntagius. . . We can use rbts t perfrm the mst dangerus tasks. ”
Hwever, Zheng said he had heard frm sme dctrs that it wuld be better nt t build such rbts. This is because many patients still desire a persnal presence t help calm them during treatment.
The team nw has tw rbts and bth have been tested by dctrs at hspitals in Beijing. One machine was nce taken t Wuhan’s Unin Hspital, where dctrs there were trained t use it.
Zheng wuld like t build mre f the rbts, but mney frm the university has run ut;each rbt csts abut $72, 000 t make. He des nt plan t cmmercialize the design, but hpes that a cmpany can begin that prcess.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京清华大学教授郑钢铁和他的团队研发了一款机器人, 用来帮助医生治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎和其他高度传染性疾病。
5. What are Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly abut?
A. When the rbt was designed.
B. Hw the rbt is cntrlled.
C. Wh the rbt is intended fr.
D. Why the rbt was invented.
【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第四段关键句“He tld Reuters news agency that he gt the idea fr the machine when the number f cases f the COVID-19 was rising quickly in the city f Wuhan. ”可知, 当新型冠状病毒肺炎在武汉的病例数迅速上升的时候, 郑钢铁有了发明这个机器人的想法。再根据第五段关键句“Zheng said he wanted t d smething t help this situatin. ”可知, 他发明机器人的目的是避免治疗病人的医护人员被感染。由此可以推断出, 文章第四段和第五段主要讲的是为什么要发明这款机器人。故选D项。
6. The underlined wrd“disinfect”in Paragraph 6 mst prbably means_______.
A. clean B. destry
C. decrateD. break
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据上文The new rbt is almst cmpletely autmated可知, 这种新机器人几乎是完全自动化的。并且根据画线词所在的句子“It can even disinfect itself after perfrming actins invlving patient cntact. ”可知, 它甚至能_______它自己在执行与患者接触的动作后。机器人发明的目的是避免医生被病人感染, 可以推断出, 机器人所具有的优势就是不会被感染, 也就是说在与病人密切接触后, 它能够自我清洁, 使自己变干净, 免受感染。“disinfect”的意思是“清洁”, 故选A项。
7. What difficulty is Zheng Gangtie faced with?
A. Patients refusing t use the new rbt.
B. Healthcare wrkers getting themselves infected.
C. Being shrt f mney t prduce mre f the rbts.
D. Having n teammates t cmmercialize the design.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“Zheng wuld like t build mre f the rbts, but mney frm the university has run ut;each rbt csts abut
$72, 000 t make. ”可知, 郑钢铁想要建造更多的机器人, 但是大学的钱已经用完了。由此可推断出他面临的困难是缺乏生产更多机器人的资金。故选C项。
8. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. Dctrs are Fighting against COVID-19
B. COVID-19 is Under Cntrl in China
C. Chinese Rbt is Invented t Replace Dctrs t Cure Diseases
D. Chinese Rbt is Designed t Help Dctrs Fight COVID-19
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读文章可知, 文章主要讲的是郑钢铁和他的团队研发了一款机器人, 用来帮助医生治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎和其他高度传染性疾病, 但并不能取代医生的位置。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“One machine was nce taken t Wuhan’s Unin Hspital, where dctrs there were trained t use it. ”可知, 武汉协和医院的医生已经接受过使用这种机器人的培训了, 也可以证明机器人的发明是用来帮助医生抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎的。故选D项。