外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science课后复习题

这是一份外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science课后复习题，共29页。试卷主要包含了 5分, 满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

单元素养评价(三)
Unit 3
(120分钟　150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
W: These DVDs will be due back on Friday, the 5th.
M: ①How much more should we pay to keep them another week?
1. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Buying DVDs. 　　　　　B. Renting DVDs.
C. Making DVDs.
答案: B
Text 2
M: ②We’ll order the food a little later. Let’s enjoy the atmosphere here first.
W: I like the decoration and the arrangement of green plants between tables.
M: And the music here is not too loud so we can even carry on this conversation.
2. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a music hall. B. Near the woods.
C. In a restaurant.
答案: C
Text 3
W: I never imagined the weather would be so warm.
M: ③Well, that’s what makes the place so crowded. But that’s one aspect of it I can’t stand.
W: At least that means there are many water sports competitions.
3. What does the man dislike about the place?
A. The weather. 　 B. The large crowd.
C. The competitions.
答案: B
Text 4
M: I’d like to take this one, but the price isn’t marked on it.
W: ④Let me put the name of the thing here, and the computer will tell us what the price is.
4. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At a supermarket. B. At a school.
C. At a computer centre.
答案: A
Text 5
M: What would you like, Rose?
W: ⑤I prefer Chinese black tea over milk tea.
M: OK. Do you want it hot or iced?
W: ⑤I’d rather have iced tea, please. How about you?
M: I prefer hot Chinese green tea.
5. What does Rose choose to drink?
A. Iced milk tea. 　
B. Iced black tea.
C. Hot green tea.
答案: B
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
Text 6
W: OK, dinner’s ready, Owen.
M: This looks delicious. The chicken smells great.
W: How was your first day at the summer job?
M: Pretty good. The factory is kind of big and noisy, ⑥but the people seem nice. This lady, Gloria showed me around and told me all the rules.
W: Is Gloria the boss?
M: No, a guy named Carson is the head. He wasn’t there today.
W: Oh, Owen, you were saying that you haven’t met the boss yet.
M: No, but I met his son, Mark. He will be the boss once he gets more experience. He spent last summer loading the delivery trucks, ⑦but this year he’s going to be operating the machines with me.
W: Great.
6. What does the man say about his job?
A. The boss is really nice.
B. Workmates look friendly.
C. Workplace is small and noisy.
答案: B
7. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The boss told the man all the rules.
B. Mark will become the boss this year.
C. The man will cooperate with Mark.
答案: C
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
Text 7
W: I’ve already read your annual report. ⑧Well done. I didn’t expect you to finish it in such a short time.
M: Well, I couldn’t have done it without your help.
W: Don’t be so modest. I know you’re a capable person. You’ve performed well.
M: Thanks for your compliment. But there’s still plenty more I need to learn.
W: ⑨Keep up the good work. You have a bright future ahead of you.
M: I’ll do my best.
8. What does the woman think of the man’s work?
A. Excellent. 　　　 B. Awful. 　　 　C. Original.
答案: A
9. Where would this conversation probably take place?
A. In a work office. B. In the classroom.
C. In a lecture hall.
答案: A
听第8段材料, 回答第10～12题。
Text 8
W: You look very anxious this evening. Is there anything wrong?
M: I am worried about my 15-year-old niece, Helen.
W: What’s worrying you ?
M: ⑩I’ve seen a big change in her. She used to be very outgoing and sociable but now she is having problems with other children at school. Now she is totally someone else.
W: Really?
M: Yes, now she is quiet and doesn’t want to talk to anyone else. Her teacher said things were going backward in her study.
W: Her parents must be very anxious about her.
M: No, not really, ⑫both of them are too busy to worry about their daughter. I think I need to talk to them and ask them to spend more time with Helen.
W: Take it easy. It is something natural. I was outgoing when I was a little girl, but became very shy in teenage years, so don’t be nervous about your niece.
M: Maybe you are right, ⑪but I will talk with my brother anyway.
10. What does the man mainly mention about Helen?
A. Changes in her character.
B. Problems with teachers.
C. Relationships with parents.
答案: A
11. What does the man decide to do in the end?
A. Have a talk with Helen.
B. Talk with Helen’s father.
C. Spend more time with Helen.
答案: B
12. What can we learn about Helen?
A. Her parents are very busy.
B. Classmates dislike her.
C. Teachers worry about her.
答案: A
听第9段材料, 回答第13～16题。
Text 9
M: Hello, welcome to our program “Today City”. I’m Larry. ⑯We’re going to Louisville Kentucky where our guest Michelle Ray comes from. ⑬She is proud of her middle-sized city with a small town feel and big city dreams. Now, Michelle, tell us about your city.
W: Thank you, Larry. Here is my city. Louisville is my city. ⑭The first place I take visitors from out of town is to Highland for shopping and night life. When I have delicious Asian food, I always go to the Zen Garden which provides wonderful all vegetable dishes.
M: Wow, that’s interesting. Many people go for healthy food now.
W: You can see that again. If I want to go camping and fishing, I go to the Red River area. ⑮For complete quiet I can hide away in my house with a good book from one of our public libraries.
M: That all sounds very exciting. I’m sure some of our listeners will include Louisville in their travel plan for their next holiday. Thank you, Michelle.
13. Where does Michelle Ray come from?
A. A middle-sized city. B. A small town.
C. A big city.
答案: A
14. Which place would Michelle Ray take her visitors to for shopping?
A. The Zen Garden. B. The Highlands.
C. The Red River area.
答案: B
15. What does Michelle Ray do for complete quiet?
A. Go camping. B. Study in a library.
C. Read at home.
答案: C
16. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Late-night shopping.
B. Asian food.
C. Louisville.
答案: C
听第10段材料, 回答第17～20题。
Text 10
　　M: I’m Carol Johnson, the organizer of this year’s Abington Fun Run. I’m delighted to be able to tell you ⑰that this year it will be held at 11 am, on Sunday May 24th instead of Saturday, so make a note in your diary. It’s open to runners of any age and ability—children, their parents, grandparents, friends.
　　The course of the fun run will be through the beautiful environment of Abington Park and total distance will be three kilometers, ⑱starting and finishing at the football ground. That’s on the south side of the park, very close to the main entrance. Abington Fun Run is a race in which there are no winners or losers. Everyone who takes part will be given something to remember the day. Last year it was a T-shirt. ⑲This year it will be a water bottle so it’s certain to be very useful.
　　The cost for adults is $8 if you register in advance or $10 on the day. ⑳Any child under the age of 15 can take part for free but there’s a lower age limit of 8. If you would like to join in the fun run, entry forms and an information pack with lots of useful tips for improving your fitness and preparing for the run are available from any newsagents. See you there.
17. When will the race be held this year?
A. On May 11th. B. On May 23rd.
C. On May 24th.
答案: C
18. Where does the race start?
A. At the football ground.
B. On the north side of the park.
C. At the main entrance of the park.
答案: A
19. What can every runner get this year?
A. A T-shirt. B. A water bottle.
C. A pair of running shoes.
答案: B
20. Who can run in the race free of charge?
A. Children under 8 years of age.
B. Children between 8 and 15 years of age.
C. Adults registering in advance.
答案: B
第二部分　阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
　　阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
　　ORDER NOW!
Drone X Pro is a compact, easy-to-use drone with HD(高清) quality images. It is the fastest drone of its size, flying at a speed of up to 12 meters per second with a top transmission distance of 2 km. It has all of the features need to satisfy the pros, but it is extremely simple to fly and control, even for DRONE X PRO complete beginners.
Foldable Drone
The propeller(螺旋桨)fold inwards to make the drone easier to carry and better protected during transit.
HD Photos and Video
Record video in HD at 120 frames per second and take photos up to 12 megapixels(百万像素).
Increased Flying Time
Fly and film for up to 12 minutes without having to touch the ground or change batteries.
Gravity Sensor
Sensors detect the ground and other obstacles and change the flying course automatically to avoid collision(碰撞).
Slo-mo Mode
Replay the highlights of your epic adventures in high-definition slow motion.
Panorama Mode(全景模式)
Capture 360 degree photos from the air with just one click of a button.
CHOOSE YOUR PACK
1 DRONE X PRO
2 DRONE X PRO
(best seller)
WITH 1 FREE
3 DRONE X PRO
WITH2 FREE
￥689 total
￥V 1, 370 total
YOU SAVE￥682
￥2, 066 total
YOU SAVE
￥1, 363
SELECT
+Free Shipping
SELECT
+Free Shipping
SELECT
+Free Shipping
【文章大意】这是一篇应用文, 主要介绍一款小型无人机, 它具有方便易用, 高清拍照录像, 续航时间长, 安全等特点并提供了价位。
21. Gravity sensors help the drones_______.  
A. fly safely　　　　　　　B. move smoothly
C. land slowly D. turn quickly
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文中“Gravity Sensor—Sensors detect the ground and other obstacles and change the flying course automatically to avoid collision。重力感应器主要是用来探测障碍物, 从而调整飞行轨迹以避免事故。”可知其主要目的就是保证飞行安全。故选A。
22. What do we learn about Drone X Pro?
A. It is heavy.
B. It can’t be seen.
C. It is portable.
D. It can carry people.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文中第一段“Drone X Pro is a compact, easy-to-use drone with HD quality images. Drone X Pro是一种小型的、易使用的带有高清摄像的无人机。”可知Drone X Pro是一种便携式的无人机。故选C。
23. Who does Drone X Pro mostly appeal to?
A. Engineers. B. Doctors.
C. Photographers. D. Cyclists.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文中第一段“It has all of the features need to satisfy the pros它具备满足专业人士的所有功能”, 以及接下来文章中所列的特点如“Foldable Drone、HD Photos and Video、Increased Flying Time、Panorama Mode”, 可知它最可能吸引摄影师的关注。故选C。
【点睛】推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上, 通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得到文章的深层意义和隐含意义的过程。目的、意图、态度的推断就属于推理判断的一部分, 根据文章的论述, 推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度。如第23小题, 问题为Drone X Pro最可能吸引谁的注意力, 根据文中第1段“It has all of the features need to satisfy the pros它具备满足专业人士的所有功能”, 以及接下来文章中所列的特点如“Foldable Drone、HD Photos and Video、Increased Flying Time、Panorama Mode”, 可知它最可能吸引摄影师的关注。故C选项切题。
B
　　Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space, but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.
　　Robots make great explorers on planets, moons, and other landing areas. Aside from the earth, just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe, making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand. Plus there would be complications with radiation, weather, and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.
　　Robots are designed for collecting scientific data. Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals, analyzing ground samples, and finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots.
　　The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans, but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. Moreover, robots have no problems working for hours on end. Robots never complain, they don’t require food or water, and they never need a bathroom break.
　　Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars’ history.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了机器人对太空探索非常重要, 机器人正用于太空探索。
24. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Development of Robots
B. The Discovery of Space Exploration
C. No Robots, No Space Exploration
D. Robots Are Used in Space Exploration
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons. ”可知, 本文主要介绍了机器人正用于太空探索, 故D项正确。
25. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.
B. It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.
C. Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars.
D. Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. ”可知, 用机器人进行太空探索比人类从事这项工作花费更少。
26. The underlined word “withstand” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “_______”.  
A. remain　　 B. bear　 　C. defeat　 　D. develop
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to”可知, 温度太高或太低, 人类无法忍受, 由此可知画线词词义为“忍受”。
27. What is the writer’s attitude in this passage?
A. Negative. B. Persuasive.
C. Subjective. D. Objective.
【解析】选D。观点态度题。纵观全文可知, 作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用, 并没有带任何感情色彩。
【方法技巧】科普说明文的词义猜测题难度较大, 对画线词所在句的理解是关键, 要紧紧抓住画线词前后的词语, 例如第26题, 根据画线词前的“much too hot or much too cold”可知, 当温度太高或太低时, 人类无法忍受, 由此可知画线词词义为“忍受”。
C
　　Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind trace of amounts of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By studying them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds.
　　A molecule (分子) is a group of atoms. It represents the smallest amount of some chemicals. Your skin is covered in molecules picked up by everything you touched. With each new thing your skin contacts, you leave behind some small share of what it’d touched earlier.
　　Researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) recently studied such chemical leftovers on the phones of 39 volunteers. The study was led by biochemist Amina Bouslimani. To explore those residues (剩余物), the UCSD team wiped the surface of each volunteer’s phone with a cotton swab (药签). The scientists also swabbed each person’s right hand. Then the researchers compared the chemicals found on each cell phone.
　　The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared those to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earlier, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines.
　　Traces of everything from hundreds to thousands of different molecules turned up on each phone. The molecules suggested what had been in the body, and what each person had handled before touching the phone. From all these molecules, Bouslimani says, “We could tell if a person is likely female, uses high-end cosmetics (化妆品), colors her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food. ”
　　Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs. To date, Dorrestein says, he’s never heard of police using phone residues to narrow down behaviour clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“手指在你的手机上留下关于你的线索。” 通过研究手机上的残留物, 我们可以得出手机用户的生活方式。
28. By studying the residues on the phone, we can conclude its user’s _______.  
A. personality　　　　　 B. lifestyle
C. appearance D. intelligence
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind trace of amounts of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By studying them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds. (每次你的手指触碰手机时, 都会留下微量的化学物质。每种化学物质都为你和你的行为提供线索。一项新的研究发现, 通过研究它们, 科学家们也许能够拼凑出一个关于你最近生活的故事。)可知, 通过研究手机上的残留物, 我们可以得出手机用户的生活方式。
29. What was the first thing the researchers had to do for the study?
A. Comparing different chemicals.
B. Hiring volunteers with cell phones.
C. Collecting different kinds of phones.
D. Building a database containing chemicals.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared those to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set up that database a few years earlier, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines. (科学家们发现了尽可能多的分子。然后他们将这些数据与化学数据库进行比较。加州大学圣地亚哥分校(UCSD)的药理学家彼得·多瑞斯坦(Pieter Dorrestein)几年前帮助建立了这个数据库, 其中包含各种物质, 包括香料、咖啡因和药物。)可知, 研究人员要做的第一件事是建立包含化学品的数据库。
30. What’s the author’s attitude towards the application of the research finding?
A. Doubtful. B. Disappointed.
C. Positive. D. Uninterested.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal drugs. To date, Dorrestein says, he’s never heard of police using phone residues to narrow down behaviour clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene. (警方已经使用分子分析来寻找爆炸物或非法毒品的踪迹。Dorrestein说, 到目前为止, 他从来没有听说过警察使用手机残留物来缩小行为线索来寻找嫌疑人。但是有一天侦探们可能会利用这些数据来追踪某个把手机落在犯罪现场的人。)可推知, 作者对研究发现的应用持“积极的”态度。
31. What should be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phones Will Be Used in More Fields.
B. Molecules Are Used to Search for Illegal Drugs.
C. Your Phone May Be Home to Various Chemicals.
D. Fingers Leave Clues About You on Your Phone.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind trace of amounts of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By studying them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your recent life, a new study finds. (每次你的手指触碰手机时, 都会留下微量的化学物质。每种化学物质都为你和你的行为提供线索。一项新的研究发现, 通过研究它们, 科学家们也许能够拼凑出一个关于你最近生活的故事。)可知, D项Fingers Leave Clues About You on Your Phone. 可用作本文标题。
D
Philadelphia’s Magic Gardens makes up a folk art center, gallery space, and a nonprofit organization showcasing the works of mosaicist(镶嵌设计师)Isaiah Zagar.
Zagar devoted himself to beautifying the South Street neighborhood in the late 1960s, when he moved to the area with his wife Julia. The couple helped the area by purchasing and repairing some old buildings, often adding colorful mosaics on both their private and public walls. The first such project was Julia’s still-busy folk art store, the Eyes Gallery at 402 South Street.
Zagar started working on the Magic Gardens in 1994 in the deserted parking lot near his studio. He spent the next fourteen years sculpting multi-layered walls and decorating the 3, 000 square foot space. The installation(装置艺术), primarily consisting of found objects and contributions from the community, finally covers half a city block with countless patterns and colors. It shows Zagar’s many artistic influences, as well as the events and experiences of his life.
In 2002, the owner of the once-unused parking lot decided to sell the land in response to rising South Street property values. Unwilling to witness the destruction of Zagar’s neighborhood art environment, the community rushed to support the artist. His creation, newly titled Philadelphia’s Magic Gardens, turned into a nonprofit organization with the intention of preserving and promoting Zagar’s works at the site of the Magic Gardens and throughout the South Street region.
The Magic Gardens is now a permanent art institution that is open to visitors throughout the year. Trained guides are available to lead tours of the Magic Gardens and Zagar’s surrounding public wall paintings. In addition, it offers monthly mosaic workshops led by Zagar himself, and regularly hosts concerts, dance performances, and other public events.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了艺术家Zagar创作的“魔幻花园”。
32. How did Zagar help the South Street neighborhood?
A. He moved to the area with his family.
B. He worked to improve its surroundings.
C. He opened a folk art store with his wife.
D. He managed to buy all the old buildings.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The couple helped the area by purchasing and repairing some old buildings, often adding colorful mosaics on both their private and public walls. ”可知Zagar和妻子通过购买并翻新一些旧建筑(经常在他们的私人和公共墙壁上贴上彩色的马赛克砖)来帮助这个区域。也就是说他是通过改善周围环境来帮助邻里的, 故选B项。
33. What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?
A. Great achievements of Zagar
B. Special skills of installing art
C. Location of the Magic Gardens
D. Early history of the Magic Gardens
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段“Zagar . . . and colors. It shows Zagar’s many artistic influences, as well as the events and experiences of his life. ”可知Zagar于1994年开始在他工作室附近的一个废弃的停车场里着手建设魔幻花园。在接下来的14年里, 他雕刻了多层的墙壁, 并装饰了这个3000平方英尺的空间。这个装置艺术最后用无数的图案和色彩覆盖了这个城市街区的一半。其显示了Zagar诸多的艺术影响, 并展示了他人生中的事件和经历。这一段主要是关于魔幻花园是如何建成的, 由此推断第三段旨在告诉读者魔幻花园的早期历史。故选D项。
34. What do the local residents think of Zagar’s works?
A. They harm environment.
B. They can bring in profits.
C. They should be removed.
D. They are precious treasures.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In 2002, the owner of the once-unused parking lot decided to sell the land in response to rising South Street property values. Unwilling to witness the destruction of Zagar’s neighborhood art environment, the community rushed to support the artist. ”可知2002 年, 由于南街地产价值攀升, 这个曾经无人使用的停车场的主人决定出售这块地。社区的人不愿看到 Zagar 的社区艺术环境遭到破坏, 纷纷声援这位艺术家。从邻居的行为可推知当地居民认为Zagar的作品是珍贵的宝物。故选D项。
35. What can tourists do in Philadelphia’s Magic Gardens?
A. Paint the walls on the spot.
B. Put on music performances.
C. Enjoy some Zagar’s works.
D. Attend some dance courses.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The Magic Gardens is now a permanent art institution that is open to visitors throughout the year. Trained guides are available to lead tours of the Magic Gardens and Zagar’s surrounding public wall paintings. ”可知魔幻花园如今是一处永久性的艺术机构, 全年向游客开放。这里有训练有素的导游, 可带领游客参观魔幻花园以及 Zagar 在花园周围创作的公共壁画。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
　　阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　　The first time I went to a playground in Berlin, I was surprised. All the German parents were huddled together, drinking coffee, not paying attention to their children who were hanging off a wooden dragon 20 feet above a sand pit. Contrary to stereotypes(模式化观念), most German parents I’ve met are the opposite of strict. 　36　. Those parents at the park weren’t ignoring their children; they were trusting them. Here are a few surprising things Berlin’s parents do:  
Don’t push reading. Berlin’s kindergartens don’t emphasize academics. In fact, teachers and other parents discouraged me from teaching my children to read. 　37　. But even in first grade, academics aren’t pushed very hard. Our grade school provides a half-day of instruction interrupted by two outdoor breaks.  
　38　A note came home from school along with my excited second grader. They were doing a project on fire. Would I let her light candles and perform experiments with matches? Together we lit candles and burned things, safely. It was brilliant.  
Let children go almost everywhere alone. Most grade school kids walk without their parents to school and around their neighborhoods. Some even take the subway alone. 　39　of course, but they usually focus on traffic, not abductions(绑架).  
Take the kids outside every day. According to a German saying, “There is no such thing as bad weather, only unsuitable clothing. ”The value of outside time is promoted in the schools. 　40　No matter how cold and grey it gets, and in Berlin it gets pretty cold, parents still bundle their kids up and take them to the park, or send them out on their own.  
A. Encourage kids to play with fire.
B. Inspire children to go out for leisure.
C. German parents are concerned about safety
D. It’s also obvious on Berlin ’ s numerous playgrounds
E. Kindergarten was a time for play and social learning
F. They place a high value on independence and responsibility
G. I was told it was something special that the kids learn together when they start grade school
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。在固定思维的作用下, 德国父母一直被认为是严格的, 但本文的作者从四个角度阐述了相比于严格, 德国父母更注重孩子的独立性和责任感。
36. 【解析】选F。根据空前的Contrary to stereotypes, most German parents I’ve met are the opposite of strict(与刻板印象相反, 我所见过的大多数德国父母都是严格的反义词)可知, F选项中的independence和strict形成鲜明对比, 且F选项(他们高度重视独立性和责任感)语义承接下文, 进一步阐述了德国父母是如何重视孩子们的独立性和责任心的, 故选F。
37. 【解析】选E。根据空前的In fact, teachers and other parents discouraged me from teaching my children to read. (事实上, 老师和其他家长都不鼓励我教孩子读书)可知, 作者不被鼓励去教孩子读书, E选项(幼儿园的时间是玩耍和社会学习的时间)顺承上文, 且选项中的kindergarten和本段第一句内容相呼应, 故选E。
38. 【解析】选A。分析文章结构可知, 此处选择段落的主旨句。再根据空后的They were doing a project on fire. Would I let her light candles and perform experiments with matches?(他们正在做一个点火的项目。我会让她点燃蜡烛, 用火柴做实验吗?)可知, 本段主要讲的是一位德国的家长正鼓励让自己的孩子用火柴做一个小实验, A选项(鼓励孩子玩火)能概括本段, 故选A。
39. 【解析】选C。根据下文的of course, but they usually focus on traffic, not abductions. (但他们通常关注交通, 而不是绑架)可知, C选项(德国父母很关心孩子的安全)中提及的safety与下文的交通安全相呼应, 故选C。
40. 【解析】选B。根据本段主旨句Take the kids outside every day. (每天都带孩子去户外玩)可知, B选项中的go out for leisure和主旨句中的outside相呼应, 且语义(鼓励孩子们出去休闲)承接上下文, 故选B。
【点睛】单词复现法是七选五常用的答题技巧之一, 即选项和原文中的某些词相同或互为词根词缀的形式或相呼应。比如第37题, 根据第二段的第一句Don’t push reading. Berlin’s kindergartens don’t emphasize academics中的kindergartens和选项中的kindergarten相呼应, 但要注意排除干扰选项。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
　　Luther Younger is a 99-year-old loving husband. His wife came down with cancer nine years ago, and doctors　41　 she’d have just five years to live. 　42　 , the couple have remained strong.  
Over the last nine years, Luther takes a six-mile　43　 every day to visit his wife in the hospital. He always stays by her side, encouraging her, showering her with 　44　 , and their daily kiss. Luther could get a ride or even take the bus, but he 　45　 to walk the whole journey to help clear his mind and to 　46　everything about his wife. Passersby often recognize Luther and stop to offer him a ride, but he 　47　 their kindness. His daily walk is 　48　 of how much he loves his wife.  
Luther’s daughter hoped he could　 49　 accept rides, especially on extremely hot and snowy days, but Luther 　50　 walking himself so she just lets him have it his way.  
　51　 walking six miles each day in the heat and snow would be too much, when you’ve walked through 　52　 with someone, what’s another six miles? Luther is always 　53　 to leave his love before returning home, but he knows that each tomorrow, 　54　the weather, he will be on his way again. He can’t bear to live a single day without 　55　his wife.  
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。Luther的妻子患有癌症, 医生说她只剩五年时间, 但是夫妻俩很坚强。Luther九年如一日地坚持每天步行去医院看妻子, 展现了Luther对妻子深深的爱。
41. A. reported　 B. imagined　 C. advised　 D. thought
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 他的妻子九年前患了癌症, 医生认为她只剩五年时间了。reported报告;imagined想像;advised建议;thought 认为。妻子患癌症, 医生的诊断认为(think)她只能活五年。故选D。
42. A. However B. Therefore
C. Instead D. Besides
【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。句意: 然而, 这对夫妇很坚强。However然而;Therefore因此;Instead反而;Besides除此以外。空白前后是转折关系, 应该用然而(However)。故选A。
43. A. drive B. walk C. ride D. flight
【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 在过去九年, Luther 每天走六英里去医院看妻子。drive驾驶;walk走路;ride骑车;flight飞行。下文but he _______to walk the whole journey说明是走路(walk)去医院。故选B。 
44. A. relief B. trust C. love D. sympathy
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他总是陪在她身边, 鼓励她, 让她沐浴在爱和他们每天的亲吻中。relief释放;trust信任;love爱;sympathy同情。下文His daily walk is_______of how much he loves his wife. 说明是他对妻子的爱(love)。故选C。 
45. A. agrees B. hesitates C. fails D. prefers
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意: Luther可以搭便车或者坐公共汽车, 但是他更喜欢走完全程, 来帮他理清思路, 回忆他妻子的一切。agrees同意;hesitates犹豫;fails失败;prefers更喜欢。与搭便车或坐公交相比, 他更喜欢(prefer)走路。故选D。
46. A. recall B. suspect C. ignore D. discover
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意: Luther可以搭便车或者坐公共汽车, 但是他更喜欢走完全程, 来帮他理清思路, 回忆他妻子的一切。recall回忆;suspect怀疑;ignore忽视;discover发现。妻子生病住院, 丈夫只能在去看望妻子的路上回忆(recall)以前的事情。故选A。
47. A. dislikes B. corrects
C. declines D. considers
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 路人经常认出Luther, 停下来要载他一程, 但他拒绝了他们的好意。dislikes不喜欢;corrects纠正;declines拒绝;considers考虑。前文Luther takes a six-mile _______every day to visit his wife in the hospital说明他没搭车, 所以是拒绝(decline)了别人。故选C。 
48. A. motivation B. proof
C. trial D. origin
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他每天走路证明了他是多么爱他的妻子。motivation动机;proof证明;trial审判;origin起源。根据上下文, 丈夫九年如一日地走路去医院看妻子, 是爱妻子的证明(proof)。故选B。
49. A. actually B. gradually
C. finally D. occasionally
【解析】选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意: Luther的女儿希望他偶尔能接受乘车, 尤其是在非常热和下雪天, 但是Luther坚持自己走, 所以她让他按自己的方式去做。actually实际上;gradually逐渐地;finally最终;occasionally偶尔地。下文especially on extremely hot and snowy days说明是偶尔(occasionally)坐车, 故选D。
50. A. insists on B. turns to
C. sets about D. takes up
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意: Luther的女儿希望他偶尔能接受乘车, 尤其是在非常热和下雪天, 但是Luther坚持自己走, 所以她让他按自己的方式去做。insists on坚持;turns to转向;sets about开始;takes up从事。女儿希望他偶尔坐车, 但Luther还是九年都自己走, 是在坚持(insist on)。故选A。
51. A. Because B. If C. While D. Until
【解析】选B。考查连词词义辨析。句意: 如果每天在热天和雪地里走六英里都太多了, 那当你一生都跟某个人一起走, 还有另一个六英里吗?Because因为;If如果;While然而;Until直到。根据语境, 空白处意为“如果”(if), 符合语境。故选B。
52. A. life B. growth
C. marriage D. adulthood
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 如果每天在热天和雪地里走六英里都太多了, 那当你一生都跟某个人一起走, 还有另一个六英里吗?life一生、生活;growth成长;marriage婚姻;adulthood成年。语境是将每天走六英里和走一辈子对比, life意为“一辈子、一生”。故选A。
53. A. grateful B. sad C. eager D. guilty
【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 回家前, 要离开他的爱, Luther 总是很难过, 但他知道, 每个明天不管天气怎样, 他都会再一次上路。grateful感激的;sad难过的;eager渴望的;guilty内疚的。下文He can’t bear to live a single day without_______ his wife. 说明, 离开妻子时, 他会难过(sad)。故选B。 
54. A. thanks to B. rather than
C. apart from D. regardless of
【解析】选D。考查介词短语辨析。句意: 回家前, 要离开他的爱, Luther总是很难过, 但他知道, 每个明天不管天气怎样, 他都会再一次上路。thanks to由于;rather than而不;apart from除了;regardless of 不管。前文Over the last nine years, Luther takes a six- mile_______every day to visit his wife in the hospital. 说明Luther没有间断, 所以不管(regardless of)天气如何, 都会去。故选D。 
55. A. supporting B. mentioning
C. seeing D. calling
【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意: 他不能忍受一天不见妻子。supporting支持;mentioning提到;seeing看见;calling打电话。根据前文Luther is always _______to leave his love before returning home可知, 离开妻子会难过, 因此看不见(see)她也一样让人难以忍受。故选C。 
第二节(共10小题;每题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Chinese v-logger (视频博主) 56. __________has millions of intentional fans has given rise to debate on the methods used 57. __________(promote) Chinese culture overseas.  
Li Ziqi, 58. __________Chinese internet celebrity (名人), has found herself at the center of Chinese social media as netizens discussed her contributions in promoting Chinese culture overseas. On Weibo, the topic of “whether Li Ziqi is promoting Chinese culture”59. __________(attract) 760 million views and 62, 000 engagements since Monday.  
Li’s videos focus on traditional Chinese food and country lifestyles of Chinese farmers. Li’s YouTube channel has 7. 43 million followers, more than BBC.
Global audiences have expressed their love for her videos and 60. __________ (admire) for her rural life. Many have started referring to her 61. __________a spokesperson for the Chinese country lifestyle.  
Many Chinese fans recognize her success in promoting Chinese traditional culture. “Her videos show the beauty of Chinese culture 62. __________(gentle) and vividly, which is much better than some traditional culture products, ” said one Chinese netizen. One of her videos 63. (introduce) Chinese paper-making that 64. __________(begin) to exist during the Han Dynasty has been viewed 7. 07 million times on YouTube.  
“Cultural promotion via official way and civil recreational channels are equally important. We need to present good 65. __________(story) about China from multiple dimensions (多维度)” Liang Yanmin, a professor at Beijing Language and Culture University, told the Global Times.  
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了社会各界关于视频博主李子柒通过vlog的方式推广中国文化的看法。
56. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。句意: 一名拥有数百万粉丝的中国视频博主, 引发了人们对中国文化在海外推广方法的争论。分析句子结构, _______has millions of intentional fans为定语从句, 从句缺少主语, 需用关系代词引导, 先行词是v-logger, 指人, 需用who/that。故填who/that。 
57. 【解析】to promote。考查动词不定式。句意: 一名拥有数百万粉丝的中国视频博主, 引发了人们对中国文化在海外推广方法的争论。分析句子结构, 已有谓语动词has given rise to, 设空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。
58. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句意: 中国网络红人李子柒发现自己成了中国社交媒体的焦点, 网民们纷纷讨论她为向海外推广中国文化所做的贡献。设空处修饰名词celebrity, 需用冠词, 此处表示泛指, 用不定冠词, Chinese发音为辅音音素开头。故填a。
59. 【解析】has attracted。考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意: 自周一以来, 微博上关于“李子柒是否在推广中国文化”的话题已经吸引了7. 6亿的点击量和6. 2万次参与。分析句子结构, 设空处需填谓语动词, 根据时间状语since Monday可知, 此处用现在完成时, 其基本构成形式是have/has+done, 主语为单数名词, 谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has attracted。
60. 【解析】admiration。考查名词。句意: 全球观众都表达了他们对她的视频的喜爱和对她乡村生活的钦佩。and前后为并列成分, 设空处和videos并列, 需填名词形式。admire的名词形式是admiration, 意为“钦佩”, 是不可数名词。故填admiration。
61. 【解析】as。考查介词。句意: 许多人开始把她称为中国乡村生活方式的代言人。refer to sb. as为固定短语, 意为“把……称作”。故填as。
62. 【解析】gently。考查副词。句意: 一位中国网民说: “她的视频温柔而生动地展示了中国文化之美, 这比一些传统文化产品要好得多。”设空处和vividly并列, 需填副词修饰动词。故填gently。
63. 【解析】introducing。考查非谓语动词。句意: 她介绍始于汉朝的中国造纸术的视频在YouTube上被观看了707万次。分析句子结构, has been viewed为主句的谓语动词, 设空处需填非谓语动词作定语, 修饰名词videos, videos和introduce为逻辑上的主谓关系, 需用现在分词作定语。故填introducing。
64. 【解析】began。考查动词时态。句意: 她介绍始于汉朝的中国造纸术的视频在YouTube上被观看了707万次。分析句子结构, that _______(begin) to exist during the Han Dynasty为定语从句, 从句缺少谓语动词, 根据Han Dynasty可知, 此处陈述过去发生的事实, 需用一般过去时。故填began。 
65. 【解析】stories。考查名词复数。句意: 我们需要从多个维度呈现关于中国的好故事。分析句子结构, good为形容词, 作定语修饰名词, 设空处需填名词。story是可数名词, 根据from multiple dimensions, 可知, 故事不止一个, 需用名词story的复数形式。故填stories。
第四部分　写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华, 最近你因为与同桌产生矛盾而苦恼, 写信向英语报社“知心话栏目”求助, 要点如下:
1. 写信目的;
2. 事件经过及你的感受;
3. 请求帮助。
注意:
1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Editor,
I’m Li Hua, a high school student.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　　Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Editor,
I’m Li Hua, a high school student. Recently a conflict occurred between me and my deskmate. I’m writing to ask you for help.
Last Thursday, our school held a sports meeting. My deskmate and I both participated in the 100-meter race. I accidentally knocked him over when racing towards the finish line, leaving his right leg injured. I sincerely apologized to him, but he wouldn’t forgive me. What’s worse, since then, he has been completely ignoring me, which really makes me upset. With this always on my mind, I can’t concentrate on the study. I’m at a total loss what I should do. I’d appreciate it if you could help me out of the trouble.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文, 要求考生写一封邮件, 最近你因为和同桌产生矛盾而苦恼, 于是向英语报社“知心话栏目”求助。
【详解】
第一步: 审题
体裁: 应用文。
时态: 根据提示, 时态应为一般现在时和一般过去时。
结构: 三段式。第一段提出写信目的向其寻求帮助;第二段写事情的经过和你的感受;第三段期盼回复。
要求: 1. 写信目的(ask you for help)
2. 事情的经过和你的感受(what happened and your feeling)
第二步: 列提纲 (重点词组)
occur, between. . . and, ask for help, participate in, knock over, the finish line, apologize for, what’s worse, out of the trouble, injury
第三步: 连词成句
1. Recently a conflict occurred between me and my deskmate.
2. I’m writing to ask you for help.
　　3. I accidentally knocked him over when racing towards the finish line, leaving his right leg injured.
4. What’s worse, since then, he has been completely ignoring me, which really makes me upset.
5. I’m at a total loss what I should do.
6. I’d appreciate it if you could help me out of the trouble.
第四步: 连句成篇(衔接词)
连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步: 润色修改
【点睛】
范文内容完整, 要点全面, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当, 上下文意思连贯, 符合逻辑关系。
1. 作者在范文中使用了主从复合句, 如:
(1) I accidentally knocked him over when racing towards the finish line, leaving his right leg injured. (当要到终点线的时候, 我不小心把他绊倒了, 让他的右腿受伤。)本句中leaving是现在分词作结果状语。
(2) What’s worse, since then, he has been completely ignoring me, which really makes me upset. (更糟糕的是, 自从那时起, 他就完全不理我, 这让我很沮丧。)这句话运用了非限制性定语从句, 其先行词为“he has been completely ignoring me”整个句子。
2. 使用了一些固定词组, 如at a loss, what’s worse, concentrate on等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A little boy selling magazines for school walked up to a house that people hardly visited. The house was very old and the owner hardly ever came out. When he did come out he would not say hello to neighbors or passers by but simply just glare(瞪眼看)at them.
The boy knocked on the door and waited, sweating from fear of the old man. The boy’s parents told him to stay away from the house. A lot of the other neighborhood children were told the same from their parents.
As he was ready to walk away, the door slowly opened. “What do you want?” the old man said. The little boy was very afraid but he had a quota(份额) to meet for school with selling the magazines.
“Uh, sir, I uh am selling these magazines and uh I was wondering if you would like to buy one. ” The old man just stared at the boy. The boy could see inside the old man’s house and saw that he had dog figurines(小狗雕像) on the wall. “Do you collect dogs?” the little boy asked. “Yes, I have many collections in my house. They are my family here. They are all I have. ” The boy then felt sorry for the man, as it seemed that he was a very lonely soul. “Well, I do have a magazine here for collectors. It is perfect for you. I also have one about dogs since you like dogs so much. ” The old man was ready to close the door on the boy and said, “No boy, I don’t need any magazines of any kind, now goodbye. ”
The little boy was sad that he was not going to make his quota with the sale. He was also sad for the old man being so alone in the big house that he owned. The boy went home and then had an idea. He had a little dog figurine that he got some years ago from an aunt. The figurine did not mean nearly as much to him since he had a real live dog and a large family.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
The boy headed back down to the old man’s house with the figurine.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
　　From that day on something changed inside the old man.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【答案】
参考范文一 (Simple version)
The boy headed back down to the old man’s house with the figurine. He knocked on the door again and the old man opened the door. “Boy, I told you no magazines. ” “No, sir. But I want to give you a gift. ” The boy handed him the figurine and the man’s face lit up. “ This is for you. ” The old man was amazed. No one had ever given him such a gift and shown him kindness.
From that day on something changed inside the old man. He started coming out of the house and meeting people. He and the boy became friends. The boy even brought his dog to visit him. Gradually, he developed the habit of smiling at everyone and showed his precious collections to children actively and warmly.
参考范文二(Complex version)
The boy headed back down to the old man’s house with the figurine. Afraid as he felt, he still knocked on the door, waiting breathlessly. Finally, it opened and out came the old man. Seeing the boy holding a well-wrapped dog figurine, he looked very astonished but still glared at him without a word. Determined to break the ice, the boy gave the old man the gift with a card attached, expressing his care. The old man was so moved by all the boy did that words failed to convey his emotions. “Thank you so much!” he said to the boy gently and kindly.
From that day on something changed inside the old man. The neighborhood always found the old man hanging out and smiling at everyone. He showed his precious collections to children actively and warmly. He used to collect figurines in memory of a real live dog which had kept company with him for a long time before it died. But now, he wasn’t drowned in the sorrows and loneliness anymore. He had realized the true spirit of life.
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是小男孩和一个孤独的收藏老人的故事。在小男孩的感化下, 老人走出了自己的家门, 渐渐地养成了对每个人微笑的习惯, 并积极、热情地向孩子们展示他收藏的珍贵藏品。
【详解】
1. 第一段给出的首句是The boy headed back down to the old man’s house with the figurine. 这一句是故事发展的转折点。可以从“他又敲了敲门, 老人打开了门。”入手扩展开去, 接下来故事应该这样发展: “孩子, 我告诉过你不要看杂志。”“不, 先生。但我想送你一件礼物。”男孩把雕像递给他, 那人的脸亮了起来。“这是给你的。”老人很惊讶。——无论从何角度拓展, 需注意该段最后一句“从来没有人给过他这样的礼物, 并对他表示友好。”与续写第二段首句呼应。
2. 第二段所给首句From that day on something changed inside the old man. 这一句呼应前文, 紧接着可以从“他迫不及待地想见到他的妹妹, 分享这个好消息。”入手续写。接下来故事情节应该是这样发展: 他开始走出屋子去见人。他和那个男孩成了朋友。男孩甚至带着他的狗来看望他。渐渐地, 他养成了对每个人微笑的习惯, 并积极、热情地向孩子们展示他收藏的珍贵藏品。
【点睛】
本文是一篇续写。文章结构严谨, 续写思路清晰, 环环相扣, 同时句中使用高级句子。But I want to give you a gift. 并列连词表示转折;The old man was amazed. 句中使用一般过去时态的被动语态;He started coming out of the house and meeting people. 句中动名词作宾语;He used to collect figurines in memory of a real live dog which had kept company with him for a long time before it died. 定语从句和时间状语从句用在句中。