高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 4 Body language教学设计
展开Period 3 Extensive Reading
The General Idea of This Period
This period aims at training the students’ reading skill.The students have to get the general idea of how body language expresses our feelings.Having read the two articles,the students are expected to sum up the functions and similarities of body language.What’s more,the students are encouraged to express their feelings with body language.
Teaching Important Points
Develop the students’ reading skill to get all the needed information.
Train the students’ abilities to express their opinions of why body language is important.
Teaching Difficult Points
How to tell that the same body language shows different feelings in different cultures.
Teaching Methods
Reading skill directing.
Task-based activity.
Teaching Aids
A tape-recorder,a projector,some slides and a multi-media computer.
Three Dimensional Teaching Aims
Knowledge and Skills
Train the students’ abilities to know more body language.
Enable the students to sum up the functions of body language.
Train the students’ abilities to express their opinions on why body language is important.
Process and Strategies
Get the students to learn about the functions and similarities of body language.
Necessary explanation to help them get the main idea of the passage.
Feelings and Value
Body language is an important non-verbal communication.Learning about the meanings of some body language in different cultures and applying it properly is of great help to our daily communication.
Teaching Procedures
Step 1 Review and check the homework
T:In the last lesson we learned something about the v.-ing as the attribute and adverbial.
Ss:Yes.
T:Can you make a sentence with this structure?
Ss:Yes.
S:The v.-ing as the attribute:We were all nervous about the approaching examinations.
T:Good.
S:The v.-ing as the adverbial:My mother is a happy woman.She always gets up smiling.
T:Well done.All of you have reviewed the lesson.Then let’s go on to check the homework.Using structures on Page 64.I would like some students to come here and write down your answers.
6 students come to the blackboard and write down the sentences.The other students check their sentences.
Suggested answers:
1.It seemed that he avoided getting too close to her.
2.Reading is learning,but speaking the language is also a kind of learning.
3.The news that the Chinese team won the gold medal was very encouraging.
4.It is clear that your spoken English will greatly improve if you can practise speaking whenever you can.
5.I saw them whispering to each other,obviously they do not want to be heard by others.
6.I counted the people entering the theatre,and there were 547 of them.
7.The man with sun-glasses standing next to the car is a detective.
8.Being ill,he did not take part in the sports meeting.
9.Driving his car around is his main hobby.
10.Knowing she has got injured,he hurried to hospital to see her.
11.He stayed in the waiting room for over an hour while the girl was having an operation.
12.I almost feel asleep when I saw that boring film.
Step 2 Warming up
The teacher describes some situations and the students are required to act them out.
T:What gestures do we usually do in the following situations?
1.I’m hungry. 2.I’m full.
3.I want to sleep.
T:You know a lot about gestures.Then can you figure out the meanings of the following gestures in the following pictures?
What’s the matter? OK.
Very good!
Step 3 Pre-reading
Before reading the text,assign some questions for the students to discuss.So they may read the text later with their own questions in mind.
T:I would like you to discuss the following questions with your group members.After 4 minutes,one from each group will present your discussion.
Questions: 1.What is the function of body language? 2.What do you think the role of body languages is in our daily life? 3.Is all the body language the same in the world?What do you know about them? |
After 4 minutes,ask some students to present their discussion.
T:Now,who would like to express your idea?Volunteer!
S:1.I think the major function of the body language is to show all kinds of ideas,feelings,wishes or attitudes.
T:Great!How about the second question?
S:2.Body language is as important as spoken language in our daily life.
T:Good.I think sometimes,it’s even more important than spoken language.When you don’t understand a foreign language,body language can help you to communicate with the foreigners.How about the last question?
S:3.I don’t think all the body languages are the same in the world.The same body language can express different feelings or ideas in different cultures.For example,nodding the head means “yes” in many countries but in some Asian countries it means “no”.
T:Well done!So we could summarize that communication is very important in our life,sometimes learning to get along well with others is more important than getting some more knowledge.So we should learn more body language,try our best to get along well with the people around us.
Step 4 First reading
T:Let’s read a passage about how to show our feelings with body language.Read the passage and decide which of these statements are true and which are false.Tick the correct box.If the statement is false,explain why it is wrong.
1.Body language is never as important as spoken language. 2.If you are angry at a person,you might turn your back to him or her. 3.You can threaten a person by refusing to speak. 4.If you stand with your arms across your body,you are always protecting yourself from being physically attacked. 5.If you sit looking away from a person,or with your back turned,you are saying you are not interested in that person. 6.You should not greet your new boss by giving her or him a hug. 7.Body language is the same all over the world. 8.Most people can understand each other if they try. |
Step 5 Second reading (Group work)
T:You are going to read the passage again and try to find some of the body language which show similar feelings or ideas and some which show different feelings or ideas in different cultures.
| 1.frowning or turning one’s back to someone | to show anger |
2.closing one’s hand and shaking it at someone | to threaten that person | |
3.nodding the head up and down | to show agreement | |
4.shaking the head | to show disagreement or refusal | |
5.looking away from a person or yawning | to show no interest to the person | |
6.standing,holding your arms across your chest | to protect yourself from an unwanted conversation | |
7.sitting,looking at and turning towards the person you are talking to | to show you are interested | |
8.rolling your eyes and turn your head away | to show you do not believe what you hear or you do not like it | |
| 1.children’s looking directly at an adult in Asia and South America | not good behaviour |
2.children’s not looking directly at the teacher in North America | to get punishment from their teachers because they think the children are not telling the truth. | |
| 1.a smile | 1.A smile usually intends to put people at ease. 2.A smile does not always mean that one is happy. 3.A smile can hide other feelings,such as anger,fear or worry. 4.If someone “loses face” they may smile to hide it. |
2.a hug to your boss or teacher | probably not a good idea to show respect | |
3.standing too close to your boss or teacher | not acceptable |
Step 6 Further Reading
T:Just now we have learnt that body language has different meanings in different cultures.Now let’s learn more and get details of different body language.Before reading the text,first have a look at the exercises.The information was found in the notes left by an anthropologist.You need to arrange it so that it can be used in a report on international greetings.Organize the information so that it can be used to write a summary.I will give you 5 minutes to finish the task.
After 5 minutes,the teacher asks some students to give their own answers.
S:1.It can be dangerous for you to meet people you do not know.
S:2.Many Asian people do not usually physically touch strangers.
S:3.If we show an open hand,it means that we are not holding anything dangerous.
S:4.The right hand is usually used because it is almost always the stronger.
S:5.People shake their hands when meeting people to show that they can be trusted.
S:6.To show respect Muslim people will touch their heart and mouth when greeting someone.
Step 7 Post-reading discussion
After reading the two passages,the students have a general knowledge on body language.It’s time for them to go further to discuss the open questions and to express their opinions.The students are encouraged to discuss in groups so that they can communicate with their members and hear others’ opinions.
1.How can we know other’s feelings,even if they do not speak to us? 2.Why should we be careful of our own body language? 3.Why is it important to watch others as well as listen to them? |
Step 8 Summary and Homework
T:Today,we have learnt so much about body language.Homework for today is to summarize what you have leant about body language and translate the five sentences on page 64.
The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 4 Body language Period 3 Extensive reading 1.Review and check the homework 2.Warming up—act it out 3.Pre-reading 4.First reading-true or false 5.Second reading (Group work)—finish the form 6.Further Reading 7.Discussion |
Record after Teaching
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Activities and Research
To deepen their understanding of the passage,the students are encouraged to prepare a short mime.Some good ones may act their mimes out.Not only is it a good way to involve the students in class,but also it can make them have a better understanding of body language and learn to use it properly in our daily life.
Reference for teaching
Background Information
Body Language(Ⅰ)
When you don’t speak,you may still be communicating.It is true that you may not wish to say anything.But your very silence may show your wish to be left alone or to stay uninvolved,which is the message you want to send.
So it has been justly said that while “we speak with our vocal organs we converse with our whole bodies”.All of us communicate with one another nonverbally,as with the use of gestures such as the thumbs-up sign to indicate that we approve.But most of the time we’re not aware that we’re dong it.We gesture with eyebrows or a hand,meet someone else’s eyes and look away,shift positions in a chair...These actions we assume are random and incidental.But researchers have discovered that there is a system to them almost as consistent and comprehensible as language,and they conclude that there is a whole range of body language,including the way we move,the gestures we employ,the postures we adopt,the facial expressions we wear,the direction of our gaze,the extent to which we touch and distance we stand from each other.
The body language serves a variety of purposes.Firstly it can replace verbal communication,as with the use of gestures.Secondly it can modify verbal communication.Loudness and tone of voice is an example here.Thirdly it regulates social interaction:turn taking is largely governed by non-verbal signals.Fourthly it conveys our emotions.Finally it conveys our attitude towards ourselves and towards the people we are communicating with.This is particularly important for successful cross-cultural communication.
Every culture has its own body language,and children absorb its nuances along with spoken language.A Frenchman talks and moves in French.The way an Englishman crosses his nothing like the way.A male American does it.When we communicate with people from other cultures,the body language sometimes help make the communication easy and effective,such as shaking hands is such a universal gesture that people all over the world know that it is a signal for greeting.But sometimes the body language can cause certain misunderstanding since people of different cultures often have different forms of behavior for sending the same body signals.Nodding one’s head is generally meant to show agreement “yes”,but to Nepalese,Sri Lankans,some Indians and some Eskimos,it means not “yes”,but “no”.When an American rubs his nose,it may mean his disagreeing with someone or rejecting something.But there is a conversation between student and professor in which the student holds the older man’s eyes a little longer than usual can be a sign of respect and affection;can be a subtle challenge to the professor’s authority;or can be something else entirely.
Numerous studies have indicated that different cultural groups can recognize direct expressions of emotion with equal levels of agreement.Facial expressions of such basic emotions as happiness,anger,disgust,sadness,fear and surprise are recognizable all over the world.Among the Japanese,however,the open and full expression of a number of these emotions is likely to be held in check.As a result Americans dealing with the Japanese may find themselves perplexed by what they perceive as a lack of emotion expression.To those coming from societies which are less restrained in such matters the Japanese may at first fight appear somewhat inscrutable.It is only with time that such outsiders can begin to recognize that degree of emotional restraint being exercised.
Within societies there are also differences between groups in terms of differences in the extent which emotions are expressed.In Britain,for example,the traditional male role is one that involves the suppression of the expression of most emotions.Women,on the other hand,are expected to express their emotions more freely.Not only do women give off more nonverbal emotional signals,but there is also much evidence that they are better at interpreting such messages.
So in order to achieve a more successful cross-cultural communication,we need not only know “what to say” but also “how to say it appropriately”.In other words,if we want to communicate with people of other cultures more successfully,we need not only be able to use the verbal language appropriately,but also be able to use the nonverbal behaviors that go with that particular language.Observation shows that a truly bilingual person switches his body languages at the same time he switches languages.
In the 24 years since China opened up to the outside world,the Chinese have seen that internationalization works.This means a root and branch reform of Chinese economy.Entering the WTO,China will enrich itself and the world.Then body language is the most powerful,efficient and common means for communication and it will also be more and more important in the future society.
Body Language (Ⅱ)
Although we may not realize it when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not only by words.We send messages to the people around us also by expressions and body movements.We call it “body language ”,which is a kind of communication,nonverbal communication.A smile and handshake show welcome.Waving one’s hand is to say “goodbye”,nodding the head means agreement,while shaking it means disagreement.Putting up a hand means “May I ask a question?”.Kissing means “love”.Waving one’s arms show happiness.These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and Americans as having the same meanings.
Because culture influences communication.Different country has different culture.So the way people in different countries communicate is different too.FOR EXAMPLE,Arab man often greet by kissing on both cheeks.In Japan men greet by bowing.In the United States,people shake hands to show “their greeting”.And the gesture of putting a hand on a person’s neck is different for Chinese and Americans.For Chinese,it is to say “someone will be killed”.For Americans,it shows “I’m full”.And in Thailand,if you want to signal a person to come near,you should move the fingers back and forth with palm down.But in the United States,you ask someone to come by holding the palm up and moving the fingers towards our body.And crossing one’s legs in the United States is a sign of being relaxed.But in Korea,it’s not allowed.In Chinese,people hand everything with both hands to show their respect,but for Muslims,they think the left hand is unclean and do not eat or pass something with it.
Because of special culture influences some countries,some body languages should attract our attention.In Turkey,putting one’s hand in one’s pockets is a sign of disrespect.In some Asian countries,you must not touch the head of another person.And in China,people don’t kiss or hug each other,except his or her lover.For an Arab,it is a good manner to stand close to his friend when they are talking,but for English people,they don’t like to be close to one another.And in parts of Asia,you must not sit with your foot pointing at another person.
All above show that it is important to know the meaning of gestures and movements in foreign country,foreigners should follow these customs,should learn their culture.So we can communicate with them in a correct way,not only by words,but also by body language.I think that it is important in our lives to show and learn body language.
Body Language (Ⅲ)
The very best instrument there is for finding out what is going on with a person is her body.The state of the body will be a reflection of her overall state.That information is very useful,both to the person herself and to a process facilitator.
The best thing is if the person herself is in tune with her body and she feels what is going on with it.But even if she doesn’t,the facilitator will be able to pick up much information.
A person’s external body language speaks volumes.By observing somebody’s posture,eye movements,breathing and skin color,you can gain information about what she is doing in her mind.You can get the same information by listening to the qualities of her tone of voice.And this is without being psychic,just by looking and listening.If you add a bit of ESP to it,it just gets much easier.
Body language is a big subject and to master the reading of it to perfection requires a good deal of training and experience.Here we will just present some of the most practical things you can notice.
In the absence of knowing what different body movements mean,you can simply notice when there is a change in the client’s body.For example,if she is sitting perfectly still and suddenly starts twitching or moving her eyes—that is a change.Or if she changes her rate of breathing—that is a change.
Let’s say you have asked the client to close her eyes and move back to a past incident.At first she is just sitting still,her eyes not moving.But suddenly you can see her eyes moving behind her eyelids and her head is jerking a little bit,and maybe her breathing gets faster.Well,that most likely means that she found an incident.Interestingly,she might not herself have noticed that.Subconsciously she has the incident right there,but consciously she might not have acknowledged it.So,if she doesn’t start speaking by herself you can say “What’s that?”,or “What do you see?”
If we are dealing with an incident,the body will often show what is in it,or how she relates to it.If her eyeballs are moving,it means that there is something to look at.If she suddenly breathes painingly,it means something exciting or stressful is going on.
If the client is leaning forward,she is probably into the incident,involved directly in the action.If she is leaning back,she is probably seeing it from a distance.
You can not be sure,just from a specific body motion,what is going on.But it gives you a very good idea.Particularly when you notice the changes in response to your directions.If you ask “Is there another viewpoint in the incident?” and she suddenly leans back,that probably means that it is an external viewpoint,seeing things from a distance.
There are a whole set of signals that tell you what kind of perceptions the person is accessing.To make things simple,we can divide body perceptions into visual,auditory,and kinesthetic,i.e.pictures,sounds,and feelings.That is not only what the person mostly takes in the present,it is also mostly what she has stored in her mind.Most of what you find in the mind is made out of some sort of combination of pictures,sounds,and feelings.When the person accesses an item in her mind her body will tend to reflect what kind of information it is,if it predominantly has pictures,sounds,or feelings.
Feeling has a low frequency,it is slow and deep.Auditory has a higher frequency,it is faster,more mobile.Visual is high frequency,fast and changeable.These qualities show in various ways in the body.
A person will breathe shallowly and high in the chest when accessing visual information.She will breathe deeply and slowly when accessing kinesthetic information.And somewhere in between when accessing auditory information.
When accessing visual information,the person will tend to look up,straighten up her body,and make gestures into space.When accessing auditory,she will tend to look to the side,maybe slant her head and cross her arms.When accessing kinesthetic,she will tend to look down and slump over.
The person will speak faster and more high-pitch when accessing visual information than when accessing auditory information.When accessing kinesthetic she will speak with a lower,slower tone of voice.
You can be more or less of a specialist in interpreting all these body reactions.You don’t really need to know them all that well to do basic processing.As long as you notice that there are changes and reactions,and you notice when the client is looking happy and content,and when she isn’t,then you can do just fine in your sessions.
But if you know body language really well you can do magic with it.People will swear that you are reading their minds,when really you are just looking at them.
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