外研版必修4Module 4 Great Scientists导学案

Module 4 Great Scientists

第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意

速读P39教材课文，从下面四个选项中选出文章的主题

The main idea of the passage is         ．

A．the dangers of rockets

B．the development of rockets

C．the advantages of rockets

D．the invention of rockets

[答案]　B

第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息

细读P39教材课文，选择最佳答案

1．When were rockets probably invented?

A．About 2，000 years ago.

B．In 1232.

C．Between the 13th and 15th centuries.

D．During the Song Dynasty.

2．It is possible that          introduced rockets to Europe.

A．the Song army

B．the Mongols

C．Wan Hu

D．one Italian scientist

3．Which country did not do rockets experiment between the 13th and 15th centuries?

A．Italy.　　　　　　 B．England.

C．France.   D．America.

4．One Italian scientist invented a rocket which             ．

A．could fly into the sky

B．could hit the enemy's horse

C．could fly over the surface of water

D．could clear the cloud in the air

[答案]　1－4　ABDC

第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考

根据P39教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

The first military use of rockets was in 1232. The Song Dynasty was 1.at war with the Mongols. During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army 2.shot(shoot) “arrows of flying fire”. The tubes 3.were attached(attach) to a long stick which helped keep the rocket 4.moving(move) in a straight direction. Soon the Mongols learned how 5.to make(make) rockets themselves and it is possible 6.that they introduced them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th centuries there 7.were(be) many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. They were used for military 8.purposes(purpose). One Italian 9.scientist(science) even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit 10.an enemy ship.

Ⅰ.单词拼写

根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词

1．To keep fit, we often take part in physical(身体的) exercise.

2．There is no greater happiness than that of succeeding in one's career(生涯)．

3．If you look straight(直接) ahead, you will see the church in the distance.

4．The solider escaped from the enemy's prison on a snowy night.

5．The cloud slowly cleared and the sun came out.

6．We volunteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake. 

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词

1．brief adj. 简短的；简洁的→briefly adv. 简要地；扼要地

2．graduate vi. 毕业→graduation n. 毕业

3．personal adj. 个人的→personally adv. 就个人而言→personality n. 个性；性格

4．explode vi. 爆炸→explosion n. 爆炸；爆炸声

Ⅲ.补全短语

根据提示补全下列短语

1．be known for　　　　　　 因……而出名/闻名

2．be diagnosed with   被诊断出；患有

3．earn one's/a living   谋生

4．in the area of ...   在……领域

5．by accident   偶然地

6．be attached to   被绑在……上

7．be at war with   与……交战

8．send ...into ...  把……发送到……中

9．jump out of   从……中跳出来

10．come to power   掌权

Ⅳ.选词填空

选用上述短语的适当形式填空

1．Many graduates don't earn their living by themselves but depending on their parents.

2．President Xi Jinping began to reform after he came to power．

3．The country has been at war with its neighbor for two years.

4．The house caught fire by design rather than by accident．

be known for因……而出名/闻名

 (教材P36)What is Einstein known for?

爱因斯坦因什么而出名？

①This city is known as a green tea production place.

这个城市作为绿茶的生产地而出名。

②The young man is known as a singer and he is most known for singing popular songs which are known to many teenagers.这个年轻人是位知名歌手，他尤其以唱青少年耳熟能详的流行歌曲而出名。

brief adj.简短的；简洁的

(教材P37)His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best­seller.

他的著作《时间简史》于1988年出版，直到现在还是一本畅销书。

①To be brief, we can't accept such terms.

简单地说，我们不能接受这样的条款。

②Give your reason in brief or I won't support you.

简要说明你的理由，否则我不会支持你。

③Can you explain the rules of the game to me briefly(brief)?

你能简单地给我解释一下游戏规则吗？

graduate vi.毕业n.[C]大学毕业生

(教材P37)He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University.

他于1942年出生在牛津，后又从牛津大学毕业。

①Johnson is a new graduate.He has difficulty in dealing with whatever problems arise.约翰逊是刚毕业的大学生。他很难应付出现的任何问题。

②After graduating from Harvard University，he returned to his motherland and set up his own business.

从哈佛大学毕业后，他回到祖国创办了自己的企业。

③Mary graduated in medicine from Yale University last year.玛丽去年毕业于耶鲁大学医学专业。

[名师点津]

graduate是一个短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。

come to/into power开始执政，掌权，上台

(教材P37)Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.希特勒掌权时，爱因斯坦离开德国去美国工作。

①The government in power is devoted to the improvement of education.

这一届政府致力于提高教育水平。

②I will do everything in/within my power to help you.

我将尽我所能来帮助你。

③I'm afraid it is beyond my power to do what your're asking.

我恐怕不能胜任你要求做的事。

[名师点津]

in power “当权，执政”表状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用；come to power“开始执政，掌权”表动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。

escape vi.逃跑；逃避；漏出，泄露

n．逃跑；逃脱；逃避

(教材P39)The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。

①You were very lucky to have escaped from the big fire last night.

昨晚你非常幸运逃离了那场大火。

②Whoever breaks the law won't escape punishment/being punished (punish)．

不管是谁违反了法律都不会逃脱惩罚。

③Last year I had a narrow escape，and I don't want to risk my life a second time.

去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。

clear vi.(烟雾)消散；清理

adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的；明白的

 (教材P39)When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.

当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。

　写出下列句中clear的含义

①The cloud slowly cleared and the sun came out. 消散

②I hope I made it clear to him that he was no longer welcome here.

 清楚；明白

③You can see most of the city on a clear day. 晴朗的

④I want the rubbish cleared away now!

把这些垃圾立即给我弄走！

⑤It is raining now，but I think it will clear up soon.

现在还在下雨，不过我想天很快就会放晴。

(教材P37)In Stephen Hawking's case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.

在斯蒂芬·霍金的例子中，我们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。

【要点提炼】　“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”句型。句中it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist属于“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”句型。其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于该句型的过去分词有：said，thought，reported，believed，supposed，considered，hoped等。

该句型可以转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”句型或“People say/think ...＋that ...”。

①It is reported that the scientists are trying to invent a new medicine for curing cancer.

据报道，科学家们正在努力发明治疗癌症的新药。

②It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。

③It is said that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.

→People say that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.

→Greenhouse gases are said to be (be) the main cause of global warming.

有人说，温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。

(教材P39)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。

【要点提炼】　句中keep the rocket moving in a straight direction属于“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。

①We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.

我们应当保持教室干净和整洁。

②We should keep ourselves informed (inform) of the latest information.

我们应该了解最新的信息。

③Short of financial support，I found it hard to keep the company going smoothly.

由于缺少资金支持，我发现很难使公司正常运行。

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1．Michael Jackson is well­known for his songs as a popular singer.

2．It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident on the other day.

3．If the weather clears up，we can go out for a walk.

4．He hurried to the theatre，only to be told (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.

5．After graduation(graduate), he went to work, first as a teacher, then government officer. 

6．Don't keep them working (work) day and night.They are too tired.

7．It is said(say) that he has written a new book about workers.

8．The government came to/into power in 2016，that is，it has been in power for over five years.

9．The force of the explosion(explode) broke all the windows in the building.

10．When to go (go) for a picnic hasn't been decided.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．这大大超出了我的能力，我决定放弃。

It is quite beyond my power. I'm determined to give it up.

2．当汽车冲向他时，这个小孩死里逃生。

The little boy had a narrow escape when a car ran towards him.

3．大火持续了近一个月，没有留下有价值的东西。

The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable．

4．如果你愿意教我如何使用这台电脑我将不胜感激。

I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer．

5．建议你与不同性格、不同背景的人交朋友。

It is suggested that you should make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.