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2021年高考英语二轮复习——专题限时集训11 阅读理解—词义猜测之代词指代学案
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这是一份2021年高考英语二轮复习——专题限时集训11 阅读理解—词义猜测之代词指代学案，共7页。学案主要包含了语篇解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
When I was a kid，I was the girl wh kept the training wheels n my bike as lng as pssible. Even my yunger sister had gt rid f them much earlier than me. But as I began t grw lder，this changed.
All this happened n the Bike Safety Day. It is suppsed t be a fun day at schl when all f us kids bring ur bikes t schl and the schl prvides us with the pprtunity t ride utside and learn prper bike safety.Sunds like fun，right？N.In fact，it caused me t panic.What was I ging t say when my friends asked me abut my training wheels?
With the pressure f everyne seeing my training wheels，I determined t let them g.This was the first big change I'd ever made n my wn.
I went t my parents and tld them all abut my dilemma.They were mre than happy t help.We went utside and gt my bike.Instead f running away and hiding behind，I std in frnt f my bike and tk great pride in my decisin as my dad remved the training wheels.
I gt n and steadied myself. My heart raced but my feet and hands were calm.My dad started t push befre my feet even mved and suddenly I was ff.The fear faded away and a relaxed mind came int its place. It was crazy t think hw quickly I learned smething that tk s lng fr me t even try!
My cnfidence sared(高涨)．This was ging t be the start f a brand new wrld fr me. My accmplishment wuld carry me frth t new gals and wins.I realized that if I set my mind n ding smething，I culd achieve it.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者小时候迟迟不敢去掉自行车的稳定轮，在学校“自行车安全日”来临之前因为害怕同学看见她的稳定轮而最终下决心去掉它们。
1．What des the schl expect the students t d n Bike Safety Day?
A．Have their bikes checked.
B．Ride utside fr fun.
C．Acquire bike safety skills.
D．Remve the training wheels.
C [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的the schl prvides us with the pprtunity t ride utside and learn prper bike safety可知，学校想让学生在“自行车安全日”学会一些自行车安全技能，故选C项。]
2．What des the underlined wrd“them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The authr's friends.
B．The authr's parents.
C．The safety prblems.
D．The training wheels.
D [考查词义猜测。根据语境及画线词所在句的前半部分With the pressure f everyne seeing my training wheels可知，作者迫于害怕别人看见自己的自行车稳定轮的压力才决心去掉它们，故画线词指的就是“稳定轮”，故选D项。]
3．What happened when the authr finally rde withut the training wheels?
A．She felt extremely embarrassed.
B．Everything turned ut t be easy.
C．She ended up falling dwn.
D．Her sisters fllwed her example.
B [考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，长时间不敢尝试的东西，作者竟学得很快，由此可推知只要努力尝试，就没有解决不了的难事，故选B项。]
4．What des the authr think is necessary fr her t achieve a gal?
A．Patience. B．Determinatin.
C．Pressure. D．Cncentratin.
B [考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者意识到如果自己下定决心做一件事的话，自己就会做到。由此可推知，作者认为对于她来说实现一个目标的关键在于决心，故选B项。]
B (2019·广州市综合测试)
In 1874，Francis Galtn，a British prfessr，analysed t sample f English scientists and fund the vast majrity t be firstbrn sns.This led him t theries that firstbrn children enjyed a special level f attentin frm their parents that allwed them t advance intellectually.Half a century later Alfred Adler，an Austrian psychlgist，made a similar argument relating t persnality.Firstbrn children，he suggested，were mre diligent，while the laterbrn were mre utging and emtinally stable.Many subsequent studies have explred these ideas，but their findings have been varied—sme supprting and sme rejecting the riginal cnclusins.
The main prblem with the previus studies is that they were t small—ften limited t a few dzen individuals.This wuld be true even if the statistical methds needed t analyse the data were simple，but they are nt. Distinguishing birth rder effects frm thse caused by family size matters，meaning still bigger samples must be analysed t btain meaningful results.
T vercme the limitatin f these earlier studies，German scial scientist Dr Helmet Schmukle and his clleagues analysed three huge sets f date frm America，Britain and Germany.These data sets，thugh cllected fr ther purpses，included persnality and intelligence tests n 20，186 peple at different stages f their lives.The American tests were n individuals aged between 29 and 35. The British tests were cnducted n 50yearlds. The German tests ran the whle span f adult life，frm 18 t 98.
Birth rder，they fund，had n effect n persnality：firstbrn children were n mre，nr less，likely than their yunger siblings t be hardwrking，utging r anxius.But it did affect intelligence.In a family with tw children，the first child was mre intelligent than the secnd 60% f the time，rather than the 50% that wuld be expected by chance.On average，this translated t a difference f 1.5 IQ pints between first and secnd siblings.That figure agrees with previus studies，and thus lks cnfirmed.
It is，nevertheless，quite a small difference—and whether it is enugh t accunt fr Galtn's riginal bservatin is unclear.In any event，it is certainly nt deterministic.Galtn was the yungest f nine.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。英国教授曾经提出，老大由于受到父母特殊的关注，智商比老二高，奥地利心理学家阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒在半个世纪后也提出相似的观点。但是，德国社会科学家Helmet Schmukle博士经过新的研究发现，出生顺序对性格没有影响，但是确实会影响孩子的智力。
5．Alfred Adler cncluded that firstbrn children were ．
A．mre stable
B．mre sciable
C．mre intelligent
D．mre hardwrking
D [考查细节理解。根据第一段第四句可知，奥地利心理学家阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒认为，头胎的孩子更勤奋，而晚出生的孩子更外向，情绪更稳定。故D项正确。]
6．What des the underlined“they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The data.
B．The analyses.
C．The previus studies.
D．The statistical methds.
D [考查代词指代。根据第二段第二句可知，分析数据所需的统计方法很简单，但事实并非如此。据此可推知，该句中的they指代句中的statistical methds，故D项正确。]
7．Why was Schmukle's study cnsidered superir t previus research?
A．It invlved a wider age range.
B．It had a much larger sample size.
C．It included a larger number f cuntries.
D．It was cnducted ver a lnger perid f time.
B [考查细节理解。根据第三段前两句可知，为了克服这些早期研究的局限性，德国社会科学家Helmet Schmukle博士和他的同事分析了来自美国、英国和德国的三大数据集，这些数据对不同生活阶段的20 186人进行了性格和智力测试。据此可知，Helmet Schmukle博士研究的先进之处是研究的样例较多，故B项正确。]
8．Why des the authr mentin Galtn's family backgrund in the last paragraph?
A．T cnfirm Galtn's difficult upbringing.
B．T suggest Galtn's thery may nt be crrect.
C．T cmpare his experience with Galtn's parents.
D．T explain why Galtn was interested in birth rder.
B [考查写作意图。根据第一段前两句可知，Galtn教授的结论是，由于得到父母特殊的关注，第一个出生的孩子智商较高；根据尾段可知，这种结论是否能充分解释Galtn最初的观察结果是不确定的，Galtn是家中最小的孩子，而他是一名教授。据此可推知，尾段提出Galtn的家庭背景旨在说明Galtn的理论可能是错误的，故B项正确。]
C (2019·洛阳市统一考试)
There is mre f a cnnectin between fd and culture than yu may think.On an individual level，we grw up eating the fd f ur culture.It becmes a part f wh we are.Many assciate fd frm ur childhd with warm feelings and gd memries and it ties us t ur families，hlding a special and persnal value fr us.Fd frm ur family ften becmes the cmfrt fd we seek as adults in times f frustratin and stress.
On a large scale，traditinal fd is an imprtant part f culture.It als perates as an expressin f culture identity.Immigrants bring it wherever they g，and it is a symbl f pride fr their culture and means f cping with hmesickness.
Many immigrants pen their wn restaurants and serve traditinal dishes.Hwever，the fd des nt remain exactly the same. Sme materials needed t make traditinal dishes may nt be readily available，s the taste and flavr can be different frm what they wuld prepare in their hme cuntries. Additinally，immigrants d nt nly sell dishes t peple frm the same cuntries as them，but t peple frm different cuntries.Therefre，they have t make small changes abut the riginal dishes t cater t a wider range f custmers.Thse changes can create new flavrs that still keep the cultural significance f the dishes.
We shuld embrace ur heritage(传统) thrugh ur culture's fd but als becme mre infrmed abut ther cultures by trying their fd.It is imprtant t remember that each dish has a special place in the culture t which it belngs，and is special t thse wh prepare it.Fd is a windw int culture，and it shuld be treated as such.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。
9．What's the functin f fd mentined in the text?
A．T help mtivate hmesickness.
B．T shw natinal identity.
C．T reflect a cuntry's histry.
D．T shw a cmmunity's superirity.
B [考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句，再根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二句可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。]
10．What des the underlined“it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The specific traditinal fd.
B．The natinal culture.
C．A traditinal expressin f fd.
D．The ldfashined taste.
A [考查词义猜测。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪里都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是处理乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物。]
11．Why d sme immigrants have t change the riginal dishes in their restaurant?
A．T attach cultural imprtance t their dishes.
B．T annunce the beginning f their life n freign sil.
C．T make the dishes ppular amng custmers.
D．T present their wn fd culture in a new way.
C [考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句可知。移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，而且卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜肴。]
12．What's the authr's attitude twards different fd cultures?
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
B [考查观点态度。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。]
When I was a kid，I was the girl wh kept the training wheels n my bike as lng as pssible. Even my yunger sister had gt rid f them much earlier than me. But as I began t grw lder，this changed.
All this happened n the Bike Safety Day. It is suppsed t be a fun day at schl when all f us kids bring ur bikes t schl and the schl prvides us with the pprtunity t ride utside and learn prper bike safety.Sunds like fun，right？N.In fact，it caused me t panic.What was I ging t say when my friends asked me abut my training wheels?
With the pressure f everyne seeing my training wheels，I determined t let them g.This was the first big change I'd ever made n my wn.
I went t my parents and tld them all abut my dilemma.They were mre than happy t help.We went utside and gt my bike.Instead f running away and hiding behind，I std in frnt f my bike and tk great pride in my decisin as my dad remved the training wheels.
I gt n and steadied myself. My heart raced but my feet and hands were calm.My dad started t push befre my feet even mved and suddenly I was ff.The fear faded away and a relaxed mind came int its place. It was crazy t think hw quickly I learned smething that tk s lng fr me t even try!
My cnfidence sared(高涨)．This was ging t be the start f a brand new wrld fr me. My accmplishment wuld carry me frth t new gals and wins.I realized that if I set my mind n ding smething，I culd achieve it.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者小时候迟迟不敢去掉自行车的稳定轮，在学校“自行车安全日”来临之前因为害怕同学看见她的稳定轮而最终下决心去掉它们。
1．What des the schl expect the students t d n Bike Safety Day?
A．Have their bikes checked.
B．Ride utside fr fun.
C．Acquire bike safety skills.
D．Remve the training wheels.
C [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的the schl prvides us with the pprtunity t ride utside and learn prper bike safety可知，学校想让学生在“自行车安全日”学会一些自行车安全技能，故选C项。]
2．What des the underlined wrd“them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The authr's friends.
B．The authr's parents.
C．The safety prblems.
D．The training wheels.
D [考查词义猜测。根据语境及画线词所在句的前半部分With the pressure f everyne seeing my training wheels可知，作者迫于害怕别人看见自己的自行车稳定轮的压力才决心去掉它们，故画线词指的就是“稳定轮”，故选D项。]
3．What happened when the authr finally rde withut the training wheels?
A．She felt extremely embarrassed.
B．Everything turned ut t be easy.
C．She ended up falling dwn.
D．Her sisters fllwed her example.
B [考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，长时间不敢尝试的东西，作者竟学得很快，由此可推知只要努力尝试，就没有解决不了的难事，故选B项。]
4．What des the authr think is necessary fr her t achieve a gal?
A．Patience. B．Determinatin.
C．Pressure. D．Cncentratin.
B [考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者意识到如果自己下定决心做一件事的话，自己就会做到。由此可推知，作者认为对于她来说实现一个目标的关键在于决心，故选B项。]
B (2019·广州市综合测试)
In 1874，Francis Galtn，a British prfessr，analysed t sample f English scientists and fund the vast majrity t be firstbrn sns.This led him t theries that firstbrn children enjyed a special level f attentin frm their parents that allwed them t advance intellectually.Half a century later Alfred Adler，an Austrian psychlgist，made a similar argument relating t persnality.Firstbrn children，he suggested，were mre diligent，while the laterbrn were mre utging and emtinally stable.Many subsequent studies have explred these ideas，but their findings have been varied—sme supprting and sme rejecting the riginal cnclusins.
The main prblem with the previus studies is that they were t small—ften limited t a few dzen individuals.This wuld be true even if the statistical methds needed t analyse the data were simple，but they are nt. Distinguishing birth rder effects frm thse caused by family size matters，meaning still bigger samples must be analysed t btain meaningful results.
T vercme the limitatin f these earlier studies，German scial scientist Dr Helmet Schmukle and his clleagues analysed three huge sets f date frm America，Britain and Germany.These data sets，thugh cllected fr ther purpses，included persnality and intelligence tests n 20，186 peple at different stages f their lives.The American tests were n individuals aged between 29 and 35. The British tests were cnducted n 50yearlds. The German tests ran the whle span f adult life，frm 18 t 98.
Birth rder，they fund，had n effect n persnality：firstbrn children were n mre，nr less，likely than their yunger siblings t be hardwrking，utging r anxius.But it did affect intelligence.In a family with tw children，the first child was mre intelligent than the secnd 60% f the time，rather than the 50% that wuld be expected by chance.On average，this translated t a difference f 1.5 IQ pints between first and secnd siblings.That figure agrees with previus studies，and thus lks cnfirmed.
It is，nevertheless，quite a small difference—and whether it is enugh t accunt fr Galtn's riginal bservatin is unclear.In any event，it is certainly nt deterministic.Galtn was the yungest f nine.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。英国教授曾经提出，老大由于受到父母特殊的关注，智商比老二高，奥地利心理学家阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒在半个世纪后也提出相似的观点。但是，德国社会科学家Helmet Schmukle博士经过新的研究发现，出生顺序对性格没有影响，但是确实会影响孩子的智力。
5．Alfred Adler cncluded that firstbrn children were ．
A．mre stable
B．mre sciable
C．mre intelligent
D．mre hardwrking
D [考查细节理解。根据第一段第四句可知，奥地利心理学家阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒认为，头胎的孩子更勤奋，而晚出生的孩子更外向，情绪更稳定。故D项正确。]
6．What des the underlined“they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The data.
B．The analyses.
C．The previus studies.
D．The statistical methds.
D [考查代词指代。根据第二段第二句可知，分析数据所需的统计方法很简单，但事实并非如此。据此可推知，该句中的they指代句中的statistical methds，故D项正确。]
7．Why was Schmukle's study cnsidered superir t previus research?
A．It invlved a wider age range.
B．It had a much larger sample size.
C．It included a larger number f cuntries.
D．It was cnducted ver a lnger perid f time.
B [考查细节理解。根据第三段前两句可知，为了克服这些早期研究的局限性，德国社会科学家Helmet Schmukle博士和他的同事分析了来自美国、英国和德国的三大数据集，这些数据对不同生活阶段的20 186人进行了性格和智力测试。据此可知，Helmet Schmukle博士研究的先进之处是研究的样例较多，故B项正确。]
8．Why des the authr mentin Galtn's family backgrund in the last paragraph?
A．T cnfirm Galtn's difficult upbringing.
B．T suggest Galtn's thery may nt be crrect.
C．T cmpare his experience with Galtn's parents.
D．T explain why Galtn was interested in birth rder.
B [考查写作意图。根据第一段前两句可知，Galtn教授的结论是，由于得到父母特殊的关注，第一个出生的孩子智商较高；根据尾段可知，这种结论是否能充分解释Galtn最初的观察结果是不确定的，Galtn是家中最小的孩子，而他是一名教授。据此可推知，尾段提出Galtn的家庭背景旨在说明Galtn的理论可能是错误的，故B项正确。]
C (2019·洛阳市统一考试)
There is mre f a cnnectin between fd and culture than yu may think.On an individual level，we grw up eating the fd f ur culture.It becmes a part f wh we are.Many assciate fd frm ur childhd with warm feelings and gd memries and it ties us t ur families，hlding a special and persnal value fr us.Fd frm ur family ften becmes the cmfrt fd we seek as adults in times f frustratin and stress.
On a large scale，traditinal fd is an imprtant part f culture.It als perates as an expressin f culture identity.Immigrants bring it wherever they g，and it is a symbl f pride fr their culture and means f cping with hmesickness.
Many immigrants pen their wn restaurants and serve traditinal dishes.Hwever，the fd des nt remain exactly the same. Sme materials needed t make traditinal dishes may nt be readily available，s the taste and flavr can be different frm what they wuld prepare in their hme cuntries. Additinally，immigrants d nt nly sell dishes t peple frm the same cuntries as them，but t peple frm different cuntries.Therefre，they have t make small changes abut the riginal dishes t cater t a wider range f custmers.Thse changes can create new flavrs that still keep the cultural significance f the dishes.
We shuld embrace ur heritage(传统) thrugh ur culture's fd but als becme mre infrmed abut ther cultures by trying their fd.It is imprtant t remember that each dish has a special place in the culture t which it belngs，and is special t thse wh prepare it.Fd is a windw int culture，and it shuld be treated as such.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。
9．What's the functin f fd mentined in the text?
A．T help mtivate hmesickness.
B．T shw natinal identity.
C．T reflect a cuntry's histry.
D．T shw a cmmunity's superirity.
B [考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句，再根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二句可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。]
10．What des the underlined“it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The specific traditinal fd.
B．The natinal culture.
C．A traditinal expressin f fd.
D．The ldfashined taste.
A [考查词义猜测。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪里都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是处理乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物。]
11．Why d sme immigrants have t change the riginal dishes in their restaurant?
A．T attach cultural imprtance t their dishes.
B．T annunce the beginning f their life n freign sil.
C．T make the dishes ppular amng custmers.
D．T present their wn fd culture in a new way.
C [考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句可知。移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，而且卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜肴。]
12．What's the authr's attitude twards different fd cultures?
A．Negative. B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
B [考查观点态度。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。]
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