2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪 专题三 代词

2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪 专题三 代词

命题规律：2020年新高考I卷及近五年课标卷在语篇型填空中对代词的考察集中在人称代词、it的用法、物主代词、反身代词上，此外，对不定代词的考察将成为高考难点。

命题趋势：对代词的考察仍会成为高考语篇型填空的重点。

★重点

▲易错点

一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词

★1. 基本用法

例题：

1.People pick up the bikes and then ride and drop        (they)off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.

2. The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use     to treat everything from headaches to depression.

3.When you come to Zhangjiajie, you can fully appreciate       (it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing folk customs as well as other thrilling tourist activities.

4. Before getting on the plane, train, or bus, learn from these mistakes to avoid the crowds and make the most of          (you) holiday.

答案：

1. them
2. it
3. its
4. your

★2.反身代词的搭配

say to oneself心里想

dress oneself自己穿衣

seat oneself坐下

enjoy oneself 玩得开心

teach oneself自学

help oneself to随便吃；随便用

behave oneself有礼貌；守规矩

of oneself自动地

in oneself本质上，本身

by oneself独自，单独

for oneself替自己，为自己

to oneself独自拥有的

beside oneself（因情绪）失去自制力，失常

adapt oneself to适应

apply oneself to专心致志于

devote oneself to致力于，献身于，专心于

make oneself at home舒适自在，无拘束

treat oneself to招待，款待，买（可享受的东西）

例题：

1.I don't want any help. 1 want to do it by          (my).

2. He devoted          (him) to doing his research.

3. The girl worked out the problem by           (her).

4. The door opened          (it).

5. We kept the secret to            (our).

答案：

1. myself
2. himself
3. herself
4. itself
5. ourselves

二、it的用法

1、it的指代用法

（1）指代上文提到的某样东西

Eg:

Where is my dictionary? I left it right on the desk.

我的字典在哪里？我就把它放在书桌上了。

（2）用以代替指示代词this, that

Eg:

——What’s this?  ——这是什么？

——It’s a flag.    ——它是一面旗。

（3）指代不知性别的婴儿（baby）或身份不明确的人（由于某种原因而不知道对方是谁）

Eg:

The baby cried because it was hungry.

这个婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。

—Who is knocking at the door?

—It might be the postman。

——谁在敲门？

——可能是邮递员。

（4）指代时间、距离、天气、气候、环境或温度。

Eg:

It is nine o’clock sharp now.现在是九点整。

It is raining hard outside. 外面雨下的正大。

It is a long way to the factory.到工厂有很长一段路。

It’s very noisy in the room.屋里噪音很大。

★（5）it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语后置。

Eg:

It's not easy to learn a foreign language.

学习一门外语不容易。（代替不定式短语形式主语）

I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.

我已经讲得很清楚了，任何人都不准在这儿吸烟。（代替名词性从句作形式宾语）

★2. It 作形式主语、形式宾语常用句型

（1）it作形式主语

It is a pity/shame that...真可惜……

It is no wonder that... ……不足为奇，并不奇怪

It seems/appears that...似乎/看来……

It looks/seems as if/as that...看起来/似乎/好像……

It happens that...碰巧……

It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that...某人突然想起……

It is said/reported that… 据说/据报道.....

It is certain that… 肯定.....

It is well-known that... 众所周知.....

It is no use/no good doing sth. 做某事没用/没好处

It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花某人多长时间

（2）it 作形式宾语

主语+ think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+adj./n.+for/of+sb.to do sth./that 从句

主语+ think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+adj./no use/no good doing …doing sth.

3.与it相关的常用短语和句型

（1）I take it that you don't agree with me.

我想你不同意我的意见。

（2）I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.

当我非得用法语打电话时，我感到厌烦。

（3）I like it when she sings a song to me.

我喜欢她为我唱歌。

（4）I can't help it if he is always late.

如果他总是迟到，我也没办法。

（5）1 would appreciate it if you could help me.

如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。

（6）Please see to it that（make sure that）you bring enough money when you go out.出门时，请确保带足了钱。

（7）You can depend upon it that he is very smart.

你就相信吧，他非常聪明。

（8）As someone puts it，practice makes perfect.

正如某人所说，熟能生巧。

（9）When it comes to drive，she's got more than any of us.

讲干劲，她比谁都足。

（10）It is（high）time that we had/should have lunch.

该吃午饭了。

（11）It is the first/second...time I have visited the place.

这是我第一/二……次参观这个地方。

（12）It is/has been 3 years since he joined the army.

他参军3年了。

（13）It was 3 years before he came back home.

3年了他才回家。

（14）It is I who/that am right.

我是对的。

例题：用it作形式主语或形式宾语补全下列句子

1. 我认为我们开这个会是必要的。

I think             that we have the meeting.

2. 众所周知，在世界上中国人口最多。

.                  China has the largest population in the world.

3. 据说他们都去看电影了。

                   all of them have gone to the cinema.

答案：

1. it(is) necessary
2. It is well-known that
3. It is said that

▲三、不定代词的区分

1. both, all, either, any, neither, none的区别

Eg: I've bought two books；you can have either.

我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。

Any child who breaks the rules will be punished.

凡违反规定的孩子都要受罚。

None of these pens works/work.

这些钢笔没有一支能用。

例题：

1. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found           of them again.

2. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but        contained any useful suggestions.

答案：

1. either
2. neither

2. another, the other, others, the others的区别

注意：

（1）the other通常还可作定语修饰可数名词，修饰可数名词复数时，表示“其余所有的”。

Eg:：

All the other students are here；only he is absent today.

其他学生都在这里，今天只有他缺席了。

（2）another后还可跟“基数词/few+可数名词复数”表示“另外几个……”

another+基数词+可数名词复数=基数词+more+可数名词复数。

Eg：

I have been here for two weeks and I will stay here for another three weeks（= three more weeks）.

我在这里已经待了两周了，我还要在这儿再待三周。

（3）other作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；前面若有the，some，any，each，every，no以及形容词性物主代词时，也可与可数名词单数或不可数名词连用。如：I don't like this colour. Have you got any other colour？

我不喜欢这种颜色，你还有其他颜色吗？

例题：

1. Some people like music.         are fond of sports.

2. Two hundred yuan is not enough. I still need    fifty yuan to cover my living expense.

3.Many people are visiting the Bird's Nest. Some are talking；        are taking photos.

4.There are forty-five students in my class. Twenty are from the country, and

the     are from the town.

5.We have three sets of garden tools. One of them is old. The            two are new.

答案：

1. Others
2. another
3. others
4. others
5. other

3.nobody/no one, nothing, none的区别

Eg:

1. As we were asleep, none of us heard the sound.

由于我们都睡着了，所以我们当中没人听到那个声音。

2. I wish I could offer you some cake but there's none left.

我真想能请你吃些蛋糕，但一点儿也没剩下。

例题：

1. There are many people surrounding the injured, but        of them are willing to give a hand.

2. I want to drink some tea but there' s         left in the teapot.

3.—How much water did you drink?

—      (no).

4.I have three sons.      of them is a doctor.

5.—How many apples did you buy?

—       . The prices are too high.

答案：

1. none
2. none
3. None
4. None
5. None

4. many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别

注意：

1. only a few=few; only a little=little; quite a few=many; quite a little=much

2. many，much，（a）few，（a） little作代词后加of短语时，of后的名词或代词必须是特定的。

Eg:

今天这些人中有很多缺席了。

Many of people are absent today.（×）

Many of the people are absent today.（√）

3. a little与a bit 都可指代或修饰不可数名词，也可作状语。a little 直接修饰不可数名词,而a bit后需加of；作状语时，都表示程度，意义相同，但是not a little意为“很”，而not a bit意为“一点也不”。

Eg: There's only a bit of/a little room left for the piano.

屋子里仅有一点地方放这架钢琴。

He is a little/a bit angry.他有点生气。

He is not a bit angry.他一点也不生气。

He is not a little angry.他非常生气。

例题：

1. There are      eggs at home. Could you go and buy some?

2. The problem is so complex that only a         of us can figure it out.

3. I'm so busy that I have         time to relax.

4. He can speak          Japanese but not much.

5. Tom made        mistakes in the exam and got eighty marks.

答案：

1. few
2. few
3. little
4. a little/a bit of
5. a few

5. one, ones, the one, the ones, those(指示代词)，that(指示代词)的区别

（1）one vs ones

        one可用a/an+单数名词替代。

Eg:

We have various summer camps for your holiday. You can choose one（=a summer camp）based on your own interest.

我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营，您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。

        ones可用零冠词+复数名词替代

Eg:

Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents，ones（= presents）that I had never seen.张先生给了我很多贵重的礼物，这些（礼物）是我从来没见过的。

（2）the one vs the ones

        the one可用the+单数名词替代

Eg:

The book on the desk is better than the one/that(=the book) under the desk.

桌子上的那本书比桌下的那本书好。

        the ones可用the+复数名词替代

Eg:

The books on the desk are better than the ones/those（= the books）under the desk.

桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些书好。

（3）those vs that

        those可用the+复数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）

Eg:

The books on the desk are better than the ones/those（= the books）under the desk.

桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些书好。

        that可用the+单数名词/不可数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）

Eg:

Little joy can equal that（= the joy）of a surprising ending when you read stories.

几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在阅读故事时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。

例题：

1. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is mu fresher than      in the city.

2. Helping others is a habit, ___you can learn even at an early age.

答案：1. that; 2. one

6.含复合不定代词的习惯用语。

He is nothing but a clerk.他只是一名职员。

He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名职员。

She is something of a doctor. She has saved many lives.

她算得上是一位医生。她救了很多人的命。

He is a scientist or something.

他是科学家之类的人物。

Your house is something like ours.

你们的房子有点像我们的。

They get something like 97%renewals every year.

他们每年差不多有97%的用户续订。

例题：用anything, nothing填空

1. She's always trying to get something for         .

2. They work very hard. They are           but lazybones.

3. The visit is boring. It is        but a waste of time.

答案：1. nothing; 2. anything; 3. nothing

7. 全部肯定，部分肯定或全部否定

Eg:

Not all of them smoke=All of them don’t smoke.

他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。

四、疑问代词

由于疑问代词和疑问副词关联性较强，将疑问代词和疑问副词一并进行介绍。

1、基本知识

▲2. 固定用法

（1）What is he？他是干什么的？（问职业、地位）

He is a teacher.他是一名老师。

Who is he？他是谁？（问姓名或身份）

He is Tom.他是汤姆。

（2）What subject do you like best？

你最喜欢什么科目？（无范围）

Which subject do you like best？

你最喜欢哪个科目？（有范围）

（3）What is the population of China？

How many people are there in China？

中国有多少人口？

（4）What is the distance？

How far is it？

距离有多远？

（5）What do you think of the film？

How do you like/find/feel the film？

你觉得这部电影怎么样？

（6）What is his address？

Where does he live？

他住在哪里？

（7）What is the depth of the well？

How deep is the well？

那口井有多深？