2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪专题三代词

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪专题三代词，共14页。试卷主要包含了人称代词，it的用法，不定代词的区分，疑问代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

命题趋势：对代词的考察仍会成为高考语篇型填空的重点。
★重点
▲易错点
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
★1. 基本用法
例题：
1.Peple pick up the bikes and then ride and drp (they)ff anywhere they like, lcking the back wheel, with n need t find a fixed place.
2. The Chinese have knwn abut the benefits f green tea since ancient times, and they use t treat everything frm headaches t depressin.
3.When yu cme t Zhangjiajie, yu can fully appreciate (it) magnificent natural scenery and experience appealing flk custms as well as ther thrilling turist activities.
4. Befre getting n the plane, train, r bus, learn frm these mistakes t avid the crwds and make the mst f (yu) hliday.
答案：
them
it
its
yur
★2.反身代词的搭配
say t neself心里想
dress neself自己穿衣
seat neself坐下
enjy neself 玩得开心
teach neself自学
help neself t随便吃；随便用
behave neself有礼貌；守规矩
f neself自动地
in neself本质上，本身
by neself独自，单独
fr neself替自己，为自己
t neself独自拥有的
beside neself（因情绪）失去自制力，失常
adapt neself t适应
apply neself t专心致志于
devte neself t致力于，献身于，专心于
make neself at hme舒适自在，无拘束
treat neself t招待，款待，买（可享受的东西）
例题：
1.I dn't want any help. 1 want t d it by (my).
2. He devted (him) t ding his research.
3. The girl wrked ut the prblem by (her).
4. The dr pened (it).
5. We kept the secret t (ur).
答案：
myself
himself
herself
itself
urselves
二、it的用法
1、it的指代用法
（1）指代上文提到的某样东西
Eg:
Where is my dictinary? I left it right n the desk.
我的字典在哪里？我就把它放在书桌上了。
（2）用以代替指示代词this, that
Eg:
——What’s this? ——这是什么？
——It’s a flag. ——它是一面旗。
（3）指代不知性别的婴儿（baby）或身份不明确的人（由于某种原因而不知道对方是谁）
Eg:
The baby cried because it was hungry.
这个婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。
—Wh is kncking at the dr?
—It might be the pstman。
——谁在敲门？
——可能是邮递员。
（4）指代时间、距离、天气、气候、环境或温度。
Eg:
It is nine ’clck sharp nw.现在是九点整。
It is raining hard utside. 外面雨下的正大。
It is a lng way t the factry.到工厂有很长一段路。
It’s very nisy in the rm.屋里噪音很大。
★（5）it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语，而将真正的主语或宾语后置。
Eg:
It's nt easy t learn a freign language.
学习一门外语不容易。（代替不定式短语形式主语）
I have made it clear that nbdy is allwed t smke here.
我已经讲得很清楚了，任何人都不准在这儿吸烟。（代替名词性从句作形式宾语）
★2. It 作形式主语、形式宾语常用句型
（1）it作形式主语
It is a pity/shame that...真可惜……
It is n wnder that... ……不足为奇，并不奇怪
It seems/appears that...似乎/看来……
It lks/seems as if/as that...看起来/似乎/好像……
It happens that...碰巧……
It ccurs t/cmes t/strikes/hits sb. that...某人突然想起……
It is said/reprted that… 据说/据报道
It is certain that… 肯定
It is well-knwn that... 众所周知
It is n use/n gd ding sth. 做某事没用/没好处
It takes sb. sme time t d sth. 做某事花某人多长时间
（2）it 作形式宾语
主语+ think/believe/suppse/cnsider/feel/make/keep...+it+adj./n.+fr/f+sb.t d sth./that 从句
主语+ think/believe/suppse/cnsider/feel/make/keep...+it+adj./n use/n gd ding …ding sth.
3.与it相关的常用短语和句型
（1）I take it that yu dn't agree with me.
我想你不同意我的意见。
（2）I hate it when I have t speak in French n the phne.
当我非得用法语打电话时，我感到厌烦。
（3）I like it when she sings a sng t me.
我喜欢她为我唱歌。
（4）I can't help it if he is always late.
如果他总是迟到，我也没办法。
（5）1 wuld appreciate it if yu culd help me.
如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。
（6）Please see t it that（make sure that）yu bring enugh mney when yu g ut.出门时，请确保带足了钱。
（7）Yu can depend upn it that he is very smart.
你就相信吧，他非常聪明。
（8）As smene puts it，practice makes perfect.
正如某人所说，熟能生巧。
（9）When it cmes t drive，she's gt mre than any f us.
讲干劲，她比谁都足。
（10）It is（high）time that we had/shuld have lunch.
该吃午饭了。
（11）It is the I have visited the place.
这是我第一/二……次参观这个地方。
（12）It is/has been 3 years since he jined the army.
他参军3年了。
（13）It was 3 years befre he came back hme.
3年了他才回家。
（14）It is I wh/that am right.
我是对的。
例题：用it作形式主语或形式宾语补全下列句子
1. 我认为我们开这个会是必要的。
I think that we have the meeting.
2. 众所周知，在世界上中国人口最多。
. China has the largest ppulatin in the wrld.
3. 据说他们都去看电影了。
all f them have gne t the cinema.
答案：
it(is) necessary
It is well-knwn that
It is said that
▲三、不定代词的区分
1. bth, all, either, any, neither, nne的区别
Eg: I've bught tw bks；yu can have either.
我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。
Any child wh breaks the rules will be punished.
凡违反规定的孩子都要受罚。
Nne f these pens wrks/wrk.
这些钢笔没有一支能用。
例题：
1. He had lst his temper and his health in the war and never fund f them again.
2. The research grup prduced tw reprts based n the survey, but cntained any useful suggestins.
答案：
either
neither
2. anther, the ther, thers, the thers的区别
注意：
（1）the ther通常还可作定语修饰可数名词，修饰可数名词复数时，表示“其余所有的”。
Eg:：
All the ther students are here；nly he is absent tday.
其他学生都在这里，今天只有他缺席了。
（2）anther后还可跟“基数词/few+可数名词复数”表示“另外几个……”
anther+基数词+可数名词复数=基数词+mre+可数名词复数。
Eg：
I have been here fr tw weeks and I will stay here fr anther three weeks（= three mre weeks）.
我在这里已经待了两周了，我还要在这儿再待三周。
（3）ther作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；前面若有the，sme，any，each，every，n以及形容词性物主代词时，也可与可数名词单数或不可数名词连用。如：I dn't like this clur. Have yu gt any ther clur？
我不喜欢这种颜色，你还有其他颜色吗？
例题：
1. Sme peple like music. are fnd f sprts.
2. Tw hundred yuan is nt enugh. I still need fifty yuan t cver my living expense.
3.Many peple are visiting the Bird's Nest. Sme are talking； are taking phts.
4.There are frty-five students in my class. Twenty are frm the cuntry, and
the are frm the twn.
5.We have three sets f garden tls. One f them is ld. The tw are new.
答案：
Others
anther
thers
thers
ther
3.nbdy/n ne, nthing, nne的区别
Eg:
1. As we were asleep, nne f us heard the sund.
由于我们都睡着了，所以我们当中没人听到那个声音。
2. I wish I culd ffer yu sme cake but there's nne left.
我真想能请你吃些蛋糕，但一点儿也没剩下。
例题：
1. There are many peple surrunding the injured, but f them are willing t give a hand.
2. I want t drink sme tea but there' s left in the teapt.
3.—Hw much water did yu drink?
— (n).
4.I have three sns. f them is a dctr.
5.—Hw many apples did yu buy?
— . The prices are t high.
答案：
nne
nne
Nne
Nne
Nne
4. many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别
注意：
1. nly a few=few; nly a little=little; quite a few=many; quite a little=much
2. many，much，（a）few，（a） little作代词后加f短语时，f后的名词或代词必须是特定的。
Eg:
今天这些人中有很多缺席了。
Many f peple are absent tday.（×）
Many f the peple are absent tday.（√）
3. a little与a bit 都可指代或修饰不可数名词，也可作状语。a little 直接修饰不可数名词,而a bit后需加f；作状语时，都表示程度，意义相同，但是nt a little意为“很”，而nt a bit意为“一点也不”。
Eg: There's nly a bit f/a little rm left fr the pian.
屋子里仅有一点地方放这架钢琴。
He is a little/a bit angry.他有点生气。
He is nt a bit angry.他一点也不生气。
He is nt a little angry.他非常生气。
例题：
1. There are eggs at hme. Culd yu g and buy sme?
2. The prblem is s cmplex that nly a f us can figure it ut.
3. I'm s busy that I have time t relax.
4. He can speak Japanese but nt much.
5. Tm made mistakes in the exam and gt eighty marks.
答案：
few
few
little
a little/a bit f
a few
5. ne, nes, the ne, the nes, thse(指示代词)，that(指示代词)的区别
（1）ne vs nes
ne可用a/an+单数名词替代。
Eg:
We have varius summer camps fr yur hliday. Yu can chse ne（=a summer camp）based n yur wn interest.
我们为您的假期提供了各种各样的夏令营，您可以根据自己的兴趣选择一种。
nes可用零冠词+复数名词替代
Eg:
Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents，nes（= presents）that I had never seen.张先生给了我很多贵重的礼物，这些（礼物）是我从来没见过的。
（2）the ne vs the nes
the ne可用the+单数名词替代
Eg:
The bk n the desk is better than the ne/that(=the bk) under the desk.
桌子上的那本书比桌下的那本书好。
the nes可用the+复数名词替代
Eg:
The bks n the desk are better than the nes/thse（= the bks）under the desk.
桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些书好。
（3）thse vs that
thse可用the+复数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）
Eg:
The bks n the desk are better than the nes/thse（= the bks）under the desk.
桌子上的那些书比桌子下的那些书好。
that可用the+单数名词/不可数名词（尤其是有后置定语时）
Eg:
Little jy can equal that（= the jy）f a surprising ending when yu read stries.
几乎没有什么乐趣能比得上在阅读故事时读到一个出乎意料的结局时的乐趣。
例题：
1. I'm mving t the cuntryside because the air there is mu fresher than in the city.
2. Helping thers is a habit, ___yu can learn even at an early age.
答案：1. that; 2. ne
6.含复合不定代词的习惯用语。
He is nthing but a clerk.他只是一名职员。
He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名职员。
She is smething f a dctr. She has saved many lives.
她算得上是一位医生。她救了很多人的命。
He is a scientist r smething.
他是科学家之类的人物。
Yur huse is smething like urs.
你们的房子有点像我们的。
They get smething like 97%renewals every year.
他们每年差不多有97%的用户续订。
例题：用anything, nthing填空
1. She's always trying t get smething fr .
2. They wrk very hard. They are but lazybnes.
3. The visit is bring. It is but a waste f time.
答案：1. nthing; 2. anything; 3. nthing
7. 全部肯定，部分肯定或全部否定
Eg:
Nt all f them smke=All f them dn’t smke.
他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。
四、疑问代词
由于疑问代词和疑问副词关联性较强，将疑问代词和疑问副词一并进行介绍。
1、基本知识
▲2. 固定用法
（1）What is he？他是干什么的？（问职业、地位）
He is a teacher.他是一名老师。
Wh is he？他是谁？（问姓名或身份）
He is Tm.他是汤姆。
（2）What subject d yu like best？
你最喜欢什么科目？（无范围）
Which subject d yu like best？
你最喜欢哪个科目？（有范围）
（3）What is the ppulatin f China？
Hw many peple are there in China？
中国有多少人口？
（4）What is the distance？
Hw far is it？
距离有多远？
（5）What d yu think f the film？
Hw d yu like/find/feel the film？
你觉得这部电影怎么样？
（6）What is his address？
Where des he live？
他住在哪里？
（7）What is the depth f the well？
Hw deep is the well？
那口井有多深？
类别
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
功能
主语
宾语、表语
定语
主语、表语、宾语
宾语、表语、同位语
第一人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
ur
urs
urselves
第二人称
单数
yu
yur
yurs
yurself
复数
yurselves
第三人称
单数
he
him
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
itself
复数
thet
them
their
theirs
themselves
指代 词义
都
任何一个
都不
两个人或物
bth
either
neither
三个或三个以上的人或物
all
any
nne
代词
用法
例句
anther
指三者或三者以上
I dn't like this rm. I'm ging t ask fr anther.
我不喜欢这个房间。我打算另要一间。
the ther
特指两者中的另一个，常用在“ne…, the ther…”结构中
If yu match that glve against this ne，yu will find that ne is slightly lighter than the ther.
假如你把那只手套和这只手套进行比较，你会发现一只比另一只的颜色略微淡一点。
thers
泛指别的人或物，常用在“sme…,thers…”结构中
Sme students are cleaning the classrm；thers are playing n the playgrund.
一些学生在打扫教室，另外一些学生在操场上玩。
the thers
特指其余的所有的人或物
She's nt less capable than the thers in the class.
她的能力并不比班里其他人弱。
代词
指代
用来回答
相当于
是否加f短语
nbdy/n ne
人
wh
nt anybdy
nt anyne
否
nthing
物
what
nt anything
否
nne
人或物
hw many
hw much
nt a/an/any+名词或n+名词
是
多
少
复数名词概念
many
few
不可数名词概念
much
little
肯定
否定
复数名词概念
a few
few
不可数名词概念
a little
little
全部肯定
部分否定
全部否定
bth
nt出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中
neither
all(+名词)
nne; nt any(+名词)；n+名词
everybdy/everyne;everything;every+名词
nbdy/n ne;nthing
分类
形式
词义
功能
主语
表语
定语
宾语
状语
疑问
代词
wh
谁
√
√
√
whm
谁
√
whse
谁的
√
√
√
√
what
什么
√
√
√
√
which
哪个（些）
√
√
√
疑问
副词
when
什么时候
√
√
where
什么地方
√
√
why
为什么
√
hw
如何
√
√