2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第十一章主谓一致和独立主格
展开专题十一 | 主谓一致和独立主格
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·天津高考)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.
答案：is regarded 本句的主语是cycling，单数形式，along with ...是补充说明cycling的介词短语，不影响主语的数，cycling与regard之间为被动关系，因此用被动语态。句意：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最好的、全面的运动方式之一。
2．(2017·江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations, which ________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
答案：was 句子的主语是publication，抽象名词，单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，因此填was。句意：《远大前程》这部小说的出版发行受到了广泛的评论和高度的赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为一流小说家的地位。
3．Neither Mary nor her parents ________ (know) the result of the election, which greatly surprises me.
答案：have known 根据语境可知，主句用现在完成时。neither ... nor ...连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则，与her parents一致，故用复数。句意：玛丽和她的父母都不知道选举结果，这使我非常惊讶。
4．It is Jim, together with his cousins, that ________ (blame) for this terrible accident.
答案：is to blame 本句是强调句，被强调部分是主语。当主语后带有together with短语结构时，后面的谓语动词应与前面的主语一致。本句主语是Jim，故谓语动词用单数；其次，blame一词表示“受到责备，对某事负有责任”，固定用法为be to blame for sth.。句意：正是吉姆和他的表兄弟们应该为这起可怕的事故负责。
5．Tens of thousands of trees ________ (plant) each year on the Treeplanting Day all over the country.
答案：are planted tens of thousands of “成千上万的”，修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。句意：每年植树节全国种下成千上万棵树。
6．(2019·浙江高考)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ________ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚)．
答案：has/will have 分析句子结构可知，主语是nobody，所以谓语动词用has，表述一般性事实。同时根据When引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时可知，主句也可以用一般将来时will have。
7．(2019·江苏高考)The musician along with his band members ________ (give) ten performances in the last three months.
答案：has given 根据后面的“in the last three months”可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时。主语后带有along with连接的短语，谓语动词和the musician保持一致。故填has given。
8．(2019·天津高考)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
答案：was given 根据last week可知应用过去时，主语后有as well as连接的短语，谓语动词的单复数遵循“就远原则”，故用单数形式，Amy与give之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
答案：is 根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的running regularly，是第三人称单数，故填is。
10．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
答案：is 主语是“Fast food”，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用单数形式，且此处讲的是事实，所以填is。
11．No one in the department but Tom and I ________ (know) that the director is going to resign.
答案：knows 主语后有but连接的成分时，谓语动词的数与no one一致，由is going to确定用一般现在时。句意：除了我和汤姆，部门里没人知道经理即将辞职。
12．He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which ________ (be) of great help.
答案：is which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数；根据空格前的has donated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。句意：他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。
13．As you can see, between the two main roads ________ (stand) the teaching building.
答案：stands 表示方位的介词短语位于句首，句子全部倒装，句子主语是the teaching building，是单数第三人称，故填stands。
14．(2019·山东重点中学联考)Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but there ________ (seem) to be no signs of Christmas adverts.
答案：seem there be句型中be动词可用lie, exist, seem, remain等替代。句中作主语的名词signs为复数，故填seem。句意：当然他们在这里庆祝圣诞节，而且很明显商店和圣诞节市场里有很多展览品，但是似乎没有圣诞广告的迹象。
15．A teacher of English and class teacher ________ (be) telling us something about volunteer workers.
答案：is “a /the＋职务1＋职务2”作主语时，指的是一个人，谓语动词用单数。句意：英语老师兼班主任正在给我们讲关于志愿工作者的事情。
16．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.
答案：is 主语是“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，为动名词短语作主语，所以谓语动词用单数形式，此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。
17．A series of prerecorded tapes ________ (prepare) for language laboratory use in the past three days.
答案：has been prepared “a series of＋可数名词复数形式”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。句意：在过去的三天里，已准备好一系列预先录制的磁带供语言实验室使用。
18．What they want to get ________ (be) a number of good books.
答案：are what引导的名词性从句作主语时，应根据后面表语的意义判断系动词的单复数。a number of books为复数概念，因此填are。句意：他们想要的是大量的好书。
19．One third of the population of the town ________ (be) music lovers.
答案：are 分数＋名词作主语，谓语动词的数由名词决定。population为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
20．Every teacher and every student ________ (be) allowed to borrow books from the library, but they each ________ (have) to return them in two weeks.
答案：is; have “every＋单数名词＋and＋every＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式，故第一空答案为is; “They each”作主语时，谓语动词需与They一致。故第二空答案为have。句意：每个老师和学生都可以从图书馆借书，但他们都要在两周内还书。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．More than one student have passed the exam.
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答案：have→has “more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，虽表示复数意义，但谓语动词用单数。
2．Not only the manager but also his assistants disagrees to the measure of raising sales.
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答案：disagrees→disagree Not only ... but also ...连接主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则。
3．Neither Mr Chamberlon nor his children was interested in the trip to the park.
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答案：was→were Neither A nor B作主语时，谓语动词的数与B一致，遵循“就近一致”原则。
4．The musician and writer were waiting for him at the meeting room. It would be a pleasant talk.
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答案：were→was the A and B指的是一个人的两种职务或身份，因此谓语动词用单数。the A and the B则指的是两个人，谓语动词用复数。
5．It is not easy to learn a foreign language and as you know, remembering new words are very dull.
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答案：are→is 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
6．All possible means has been tried but he still fails. This makes him very disappointed.
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答案：has→have all ... means作主语时，谓语动词用复数，every/each means作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7．More than 500 villagers had been evacuated and the rest was on their way to a safer place.
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答案：was→were the rest作主语且所指名词为可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。
8．(2019·威海高三模拟)Transporting tourists to the regions increase ship and airplane traffic, adding to the risk of pollution, oil spoils, and other environmental damage.
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答案：increase→increases 分析句子可知，这里是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
9．Mr Baker is one of the old scientists who cares little about personal income and fame.
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答案：cares→care 先行词是“one of＋复数名词”，关系代词指代的是复数意义，因而定语从句中使用复数谓语。而“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
10．Our school had about twenty recorders, but only onethird was used regularly.
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答案：was→were 分数指代名词复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。
11．—How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers' Day?
—A gift, together with many flowers were sent to me by my students.
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答案：were→was 主语后有together with连接的短语时，谓语动词的单复数与together with前面的主语保持一致，故谓语动词用单数。
12．The survey reveals that each boy and each girl want to serve the people in the future.
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答案：want→wants “each A and each B”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。句意：这个调查显示每个男孩和女孩都想在未来为人民服务。
13．(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)My parents always give me books which is fine but ordinary.
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答案：is→are which引导的定语从句修饰先行词books，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词books是复数，所以把is改为are。
14．(2019·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)There is too many people and too many pollution on the earth.
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答案：is→are 本句为there be句型，主语为由and连接的名词短语，谓语动词应和最临近的主语在数上保持一致，故用are。
15．(2019·河北衡水中学高三二调考试)The kids was so happy that they gave me a warm welcome.
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答案：was→were 主语是kids “孩子们”，是复数形式，故把was改为were。
16．(2019·湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高三第一次大联考)Smoke from cars, buses, and factories make the air dirty, which is harmful to our health.
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答案：make→makes 表示一个客观的事实，用一般现在时；smoke作“烟雾”讲时，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数，故将make改为makes。
17．The number of people who own cars are increasing rapidly.
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答案：are→is “the number of＋复数名词/代词”作主语时，表“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。
18．Large quantities of polluted water is flowing into the sae.
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答案：is→are (large) quantities of＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
19．The pair of shoes seem rather expensive to me.
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答案：seem→seems 表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks, glasses, jeans, shoes, socks, trousers等作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但当它们与a kind of, a pair of, the pair of等连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以seem改为seems。
20．Large amounts of information floods into his mind suddenly.
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答案：floods→flood “a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。但是当“amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，所以floods改为flood。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest Frenchspeaking city in the world, Paris ________ (be) the largest.
答案：being Paris是being the largest 的逻辑主语，与主句主语不一致，因此设空处所在部分是一个独立主格结构。句意：众所周知，蒙特利尔是世界上第二大讲法语的城市，而巴黎是最大的。
2．There ________ (be) nobody else at hand, I had to carry the heavy box to the eighth floor by myself.
答案：being There being ...为there be句型的独立主格结构，作原因状语。句意：因为近处没有别人，我不得不自己扛着这个沉重的箱子上八楼。
3．We redoubled our efforts, each man ________ (work) like two.
答案：working 此处用独立主格结构，表示补充说明，man和work之间是主动关系，故用现在分词working。句意：我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
4．Our car ________ (develop) engine trouble, we stopped for the night at a roadside rest area.
答案：having developed develop后有宾语engine trouble, our car是develop的动作执行者，且动作先于主句谓语动词发生，应用现在分词的完成式构成独立主格结构。句意：由于我们的小汽车的发动机已经出毛病了，我们在路边的休息区停下住了一夜。
5．The listeners ________ (take) their seats, the concert began.
答案：having taken 句子的主干是“the concert began”，前半部分和主干间无连词，因此不能是句子，需用独立主格结构作状语。逻辑主语和take之间为主动关系，且表示该动作发生于谓语动作之前。
6．The European Union has been hit by the debt crisis one time after another, each ________ (result) in great panic.
答案：resulting each(即debt crisis)与result之间为主动关系，故result用其现在分词形式。each是分词短语的逻辑主语，在本句中，独立主格结构作结果状语。句意：欧盟接连受到债务危机的打击，每次都造成了很大的恐慌。
7．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ (tie) behind his back.
答案：tied with＋名词＋宾补表伴随状况，本句中hands与tie之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词。
8．The job ________ (do), the workers are packing up to leave. They will take away the equipment.
答案：done job与do之间为被动关系，故do用过去分词形式。the job done为独立主格结构，作时间状语。句意：完成工作后，工人们打好包准备离开。他们要把设备带走。
9．(2019·石家庄市高三毕业班摸底考试)The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs ________ (tremble) and my mind blank.
答案：trembling “with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋宾补”为独立主格结构。此处my legs和tremble之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
10．The teacher ________ (help) us, we will finish the task in time.
答案：to help 由主句的时态will可知动作还未发生，应用不定式；逻辑主语the teacher＋to help构成独立主格结构在句中作状语。
11．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some ________ (measure) over 90 meters.
答案：measuring 逗号前后句间无连词，逗号前是一个完整的句子，因此，后面构成独立主格结构。此处表示“……长/宽/高”含义时，measure为联系动词，故用现在分词。句意：这里如此湿润以至于树木长得很高，一些树的高度都超过90米。
12．He was lying on the grass, his hands ________ (cross) under his head.
答案：crossed cross one's hands “交叉手臂”；这里his hands与cross之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式：名词或代词＋done构成独立主格结构作状语。句意：他躺在草地上，双手交叉放在头下。
13．Time ________ (permit), we will pay a visit to him before we leave.
答案：permitting 分析句子可知，逗号前为独立主格结构，time与permit之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式permitting。句意：如果时间允许的话，我们在离开之前要去看望他。
14．The country has already launched three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent one ________ (launch) at the end of last March.
答案：having been launched 前后句间无连词，因此“the most recent one ________ (launch) at the end of last March”是独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语。由“at the end of last March”可知，这里表示动作已完成，且the most recent one和launch之间是被动关系，综上可知，该空应填现在分词完成式的被动式。句意：这个国家已经发射了三艘无人驾驶的宇宙飞船，最近的一艘在去年三月底已经被发射。
15．The lecture ________ (give), a lively questionandanswer session followed.
答案：having been given the lecture与give之间是被动关系，应用被动形式，且根据句意可知，讲座发生在主句谓语动作之前。综上可知，该处应用现在分词完成式的被动式。句意：演讲完了之后，随后是一个问答环节。逗号后面是完整句子，逗号前是独立主格结构。
16．His wallet ________ (steal), the old man even had no money to buy a bus ticket.
答案：stolen 两句之间无连词，所以要用独立主格结构。His wallet和steal之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动。句意：他的钱包被偷，这位老人甚至没有钱买车票。
17．The waiter looked at the millionpound note, his eyes wide ________ (open)．
答案：open 逗号连接的两部分之间无连词，前一部分是完整的句子，判断后一部分为独立主格结构，由逻辑主语＋(being＋) adj.构成，因此应填形容词open，“张开的；睁开的，开着的”。
18．Mother ________ (ill), I had to ask for two days' leave.
答案：(being) ill 逗号前的部分为独立主格结构在句中作原因状语，由名词/代词(逻辑主语)＋(being＋)形容词构成。
19．This ________ (be) my first time in a new country, I was scared and feeling pretty anxious.
答案：being This being my first time ...为独立主格结构，作原因状语。句意：这是我第一次来到一个新的国家，因此我感到害怕并且非常紧张。
20．A house ________ (build), we must save every cent.
答案：to be built “由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。”表示将要发生的动作，且和逻辑主语house之间为被动关系，所以填不定式的被动式，构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·辽宁省部分重点高中高三联考)You can imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that—with so many eyes were fixed on me.
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答案：去掉were 此处是with的复合结构，其中eyes与fix之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，表被动，故填fixed。
2．It's extremely cold outside. He came into the room, his ears are red with cold.
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答案：去掉are 逗号前为一个完整的句子，两部分间无连词，应用独立主格结构表补充说明，由逻辑主语＋adj.构成。故去掉are。
3．In our class there are 46 students, half of whom wearing glasses.
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答案：whom→them 分析句子可知，逗号前是一个完整的句子，但wearing glasses是非谓语形式，所以逗号后并非定语从句，故把whom改为them。句意：我们班有46位同学，其中有一半是戴眼镜的。
4．The college announced the students exchange program, most of whose students having submitted their application forms.
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答案：whose→its 逗号后面没有谓语，是一个独立主格结构，所以不能用whose，而要用形容词性物主代词its，it指代the college。句意：学院宣布了交换生计划，大部分学生已经提交了申请表。
5．The condition is being favorable, they may succeed.
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答案：去掉is 分析句子结构：中间是逗号，不可能是并列句；没有引导词，所以不可能是从句，由句意可知此处应该是逻辑主语＋现在分词构成的独立主格结构。句意：条件是有利的，他们可能会成功。
6．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work not finishing, we refused his offer.
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答案：finishing→finished 分析句子可知，两逗号之间的部分为独立主格结构，作原因状语，our work与动词finish之间构成被动关系。finish用过去分词形式。
7．When they got there, the village seemed deserted, the only sign of life was one or two dogs lying under some trees.
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答案：was→being 第二个逗号后的部分与前句间无连词，构成独立主格结构。本句中“the only sign of life ... some trees”为独立主格结构作伴随状语。句意：当他们到达那里的时候，这个村子似乎被遗弃了，唯一的生命迹象是躺在大树下面的一两只狗。
8．With all things she needed buying, she went home happily.
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答案：buying→bought 此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的with复合结构，all things和buy之间是动宾关系，采用过去分词表示被动。
9．Her glasses breaking, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
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答案：breaking→broken 逗号前为独立主格结构，Her glasses与break之间为被动关系，故用broken。
10．His attention was concentrated on what he was doing, he didn't notice that his bike had been stolen.
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答案：去掉第一个was 使用独立主格结构，his attention和concentrate之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。句意：他的注意力专注在所做的事情上，他没有注意到他的自行车已经被偷了。
11．Being Sunday, the children stayed at home and watched television.
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答案：Being→It being Sunday表达的是时间，与children之间没有逻辑联系，因此在前面加上其逻辑主语It，构成独立主格结构，作原因状语。
12．Nothing saying, he left the meeting room.
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答案：saying→said nothing与say之间为被动关系，故say用过去分词形式，独立主格结构作方式状语。
13．With a lot of clothes washed, she couldn't go shopping with her friends.
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答案：washed→to wash 根据couldn't go shopping判断，还没有洗衣服，动词不定式表将来，因此改washed为to wash。with的复合结构作原因状语。
14．The huntsman entered the forest, gun over hand.
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答案：over→in 此处是“名词＋介词(短语)”，构成独立主格结构，表示“在……里”，用in。故改over 为in。
15．Nobody on, the thief took a lot of things away.
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答案：on→in 此处是“代词＋副词”，构成独立主格结构。in副词，意为“在家”。
16．He sat in the front row, his mouth half opened.
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答案：opened→open 此处是“名词＋形容词”，构成独立主格结构。open形容词，意为“开着的”。
17．The rain stopping, he went out for a walk.
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答案：stopping→having stopped stop表示的动作在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，且the rain和stop之间为主动关系，故此处应用现在分词的完成式。此处是“名词＋having done”，构成独立主格结构。
18．The students were having a discussion on the lesson, the teacher gave assistance nearby.
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答案：gave→giving the teacher与give之间为主动关系，故用giving。句子的后半部分为独立主格结构，起补充说明作用。
19．Snowing heavily, they had to postpone their departure.
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答案：Snowing→It snowing snow为自然现象，其逻辑主语不是指代人的they，而应是天气it。It snowing为独立主格结构，作原因状语。
20．Wind flew and road frozen, they drove carefully to their destination, almost missing the directions.
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答案：flew→flowing wind与flow之间为主动关系，故flow应用现在分词形式。句子的前半部分为独立主格结构，作原因状语。
