2020高考英语二轮复习习题册第八章定语从句和同位语从句
展开专题八 | 定语从句和同位语从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
答案：that/which that/which引导定语从句，修饰先行词The little problems, that/which在从句中作meet的宾语。句意：我们日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
2．(2017·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
答案：when 先行词为next week，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The weather may be better next week.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Asbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ________ she opened with her late husband Les.
答案：which 分析句子结构可知，先行词the pet shop指物，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中充当open的宾语。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
答案：who/that 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词their masters指人。
5．My son went to the library to read books on Sunday, but, ________ is usual with him, he got tired of it soon.
答案：as 分析句子结构可知，本句属于非限制性定语从句。空格处用来代替其后的主句“he got tired of it soon”，意为“如同，和……一样”，故填as。句意：星期天我的儿子去图书馆读书，但和往常一样，他一会儿就厌烦了。
6．(2019·浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark.
答案：that/which 先行词a piece of cloth指物，设空处引导定语从句并在从句中充当主语。
7．(2018·北京高考)She and her family bicycle to work, ________ helps them keep fit.
答案：which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面整个句子，故用which引导该从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
8．(2018·浙江高考)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
答案：who/that 先行词是westerners (西方人)，用who或that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
9．(2018·天津高考)Kate, ________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
答案：whose 先行词Kate与sister是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。句意：凯特，在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间，已经去澳大利亚工作了。
10．(2017·浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
答案：where 所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示地点的the garden，故填where。
11．(2019·广东七校联考)This woman has set a good example to her son, ________ is a really lucky guy.
答案：who 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为her son，故用who。
12．They will never forget the things and persons ________ they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
答案：that 当先行词既有人又有物时，必须用关系代词that引导定语从句。句意：他们将永远不会忘记在他们长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
13．The only part of the meal ________ I really liked was the dessert.
答案：that 先行词是物且被the only限定时，定语从句用that引导。句意：这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
14．The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
答案：that 先行词是物且被序数词修饰时，定语从句用关系代词that引导。句意：他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
15．(2019·安徽师大附中测试)Over the years, I have met some interesting people. Two of the most interesting people were two elderly sisters, Joan and Bernice, ________ way of talking about people inspired me.
答案：whose 先行词two elderly sisters和“way of talking”为所属关系，应用whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语。
16．Chapin, for ________ money is now no problem, starts a new film company with his friends.
答案：whom 设空处所填词和介词for构成“介词＋关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chapin，指人，故关系词应填whom。
17．Such machines ________ are used in our workshop are made in China.
答案：as as引导定语从句修饰machines，且在从句中作主语，常用于“such/the same＋先行词＋as ...”结构中。句意：我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
18．(2019·湖南岳阳一中检测)The old man turned his business over to his younger son, ________ made his elder son discouraged.
答案：which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一整句话的内容，并在从句中作主语，故填which。句意：那位老人把生意交给了小儿子，这使他的大儿子很沮丧。
19．(2019·安徽安庆一中模拟)I will never forget such a beautiful village ________ I spent my childhood with my grandparents.
答案：where 先行词是village，设空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导，相当于in which。句意：我永远不会忘记那个如此美丽的村庄，在那里我和祖父母一起度过我的童年。
20．(2019·吉林省实验中学模拟)There they met people from other parts of the country, ________ had also volunteered to help.
答案：who 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是people，从句缺少主语，故填关系代词who。句意：在那里他们遇到了从这个国家其他地方来的人，他们也是自愿来帮忙的。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
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答案：what→which/that 先行词environment指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，应用which/that。
2．(2019·湖北八校联考)Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later.
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答案：which→whom 分析句子结构可知，应用whom引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词five roommates。
3．(2019·江西名校联盟检测)One day, Margaret told me her grandma was coming and her parents would want my basement room back, what didn't surprise me.
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答案：what→which 分析句子结构可知，which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语。
4．I visited the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, where lies in Washington, D．C.
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答案：where→which 分析句子结构可知，该句为包含非限制性定语从句的复合句；句中“the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution”为先行词，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。
5．We can't accept the reason that you choose to study in the department of foreign trade.
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答案：that→why 分析句子结构可知，reason后为定语从句，修饰先行词reason，引导词在从句中作状语，因此改that为why。
6．(2019·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)Confucius Institute may be a good choice, which is intended to the Chinese learners who they are not native.
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答案：去掉they 分析句子结构可知，who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，因此从句中不再需要主语，故去掉代词they。
7．As a champion team in the last World Cup, Germany's football team was loaded with too much expectation from their fans in the group game when it lost the chance to go forward in this year's game.
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答案：when→where 先行词为the group game，指抽象的地点，引导词在定语从句中意为“在此”，作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。
8．Artificial intelligence is the only technology which is considered to be a great power to change the world in future.
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答案：which→that 先行词被the only修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that，不用which。
9．Which is expected, AI is an area where China may appear as a leading force.
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答案：Which→As 位于句首，指代后面主句的整体内容，引导从句并在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，应用关系代词as。
10．She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress.
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答案：whom→who/that girl后面是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故应该用who/that引导。
11．The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite.
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答案：what→which/that或去掉what “what I cooked”是定语从句，修饰先行词dishes，引导词在从句中作宾语，故用which/that或去掉what。what不引导定语从句。
12．All of a sudden, a boy ran into him, making some food drop on his trousers, what I thought would make him annoyed with the boy.
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答案：what→which 定语从句前有逗号隔开，故判断该定语从句为非限制性定语从句。先行词为前面整句话的内容，先行词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，what不引导定语从句，故改what为which。
13．(2019·甘肃省静宁一中高三一模)This is a place where I am always dreaming about.
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答案：where→which/that或去掉where 分析句子可知，从句中about缺少宾语，故用关系代词which/that；由于关系代词作宾语，故也可以省略。句意：这是一个我一直梦想着要去的地方。
14．Which is mentioned above, our school still calls for many good teachers.
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答案：Which→As as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个一句话。 as从句位置比较灵活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而which引导的从句只能放在主句后面。其次，as具有“正如，像，由……可知”等意思，which常译为“这一点，这件事”等。
15．The band, its members are all over 70, is currently on tour all over the country.
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答案：its→whose 本句中，非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the band，先行词和从句中的members为所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，故改its为whose。
16．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
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答案：which→where或which前加in pond是表示地点的名词，后面的定语从句主、谓、宾成分齐全，故用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句；表达“在池塘里”用介词in。
17．(2019·兰州一中高三月考)He hopes to create an environment for his students that it is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in.
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答案：去掉it that指代先行词environment且在从句中作主语，it多余，故去掉。
18．(2019·昆明市高三摸底调研测试)That was the greatest thing which I'd ever experienced.
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答案：which→that或去掉which 先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词常用that，本句中由于关系代词在定语从句中作动词experienced的宾语，故也可省略关系代词，故把which改为that或去掉which。
19．I want to buy the same English dictionary that you bought the other day.
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答案：that→as 先行词由the same修饰时，定语从句的关系代词有两种：as引导定语从句，表示类似的人或物；that引导定语从句，表示同一人或物。根据句意可知，只能买同类词典，不可能买同一本词典，因此改that为as。
20．He could not forget those servants and foods which gave them much pleasure during their stay in London.
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答案：which→that 先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that，不用which。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)There is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic.
答案：that 设空处引导同位语从句，对evidence进行解释说明。
2．Many netizens are impressed with the excuse given by a teacher for quitting her job ________ she owes the world a visit.
答案：that excuse “理由，借口”，后面“she owes the world a visit”为excuse的同位语从句，句子中不缺少成分和语意，故用that连接。句意：很多网民对一位老师给出的辞职理由有很深的印象：世界那么大，她想去看看。
3．Tomorrow is Tom's birthday. Have you got any idea ________ the party is to be held, at home or in the restaurant?
答案：where 由句式结构可以判断“________ the party is to be held” 是idea的同位语， 故空格处应为同位语从句的引导词， 表示地点，故填where。
4．I have no idea at all ________ happened to the twin brothers.
答案：what 本句中含有一个同位语从句，连接代词在句中表示“什么事情”，应填what。句意：我全然不知这对双胞胎兄弟发生了什么事。
5．The question ________ will take his place is still not clear.
答案：who 分析句子结构可知，________ will take his place是the question的同位语从句，结合句意可知，空处在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，应用who引导该从句。故填who。句意：谁将会代替他的位置，这个问题还不清楚。
6．(2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
答案：that 分析句子可知，设空处引导同位语从句，从句不缺语意和成分，对evidence进行解释说明。
7．The possibility ________ the majority of the labor force will work from home is often discussed.
答案：that that引导同位语从句，说明possibility的内容。句意：人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将在家中工作的可能性。
8．The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.
答案：that 设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that。句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。
9．The question ________ all the students will be admitted to the stadium hasn't been solved at the meeting.
答案：whether 由“hasn't been solved”可知须用whether引导同位语从句，说明question的内容。句意：会议没有解决是否所有的学生都能进入体育馆的问题。
10．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
答案：why 本题中的同位语从句是对名词idea的内容进行的说明。根据句意可知使用why表示原因。句意：——Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，这是真的吗？——是的，我不知道他为什么要这样做。耶鲁大学是他最喜欢的大学之一。
11．The question ________ we should do with this situation is under discussion.
答案：what what引导同位语从句，说明question的内容，在从句中作宾语。句意：我们该如何处理这种情况，这个问题正在讨论中。
12．I have a feeling ________ our team is going to win.
答案：that 设空处引导同位语从句，且从句中不缺成分和语意，故用that引导从句，对feeling的内容进行说明。
13．Word came ________ he was admitted into Beijing University.
答案：that 此为分隔式同位语从句。that引导同位语从句解释说明消息的具体内容。
14．Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying answered the question ________ China has confidence in the success of its new round of reforms.
答案：whether 分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，作question的同位语，表示“是否”。句意：外交部女发言人华春莹回答了中国对新一轮改革的成功是否有信心这一问题。
15．Evidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
答案：that 设空处引导同位语从句，说明evidence的内容。这是一个分隔式同位语从句。句意：经过多年研究发现的证据表明，儿童早期的睡眠问题有可能在成年后仍然继续。
16．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
答案：that 设空处引导同位语从句，说明belief的内容。句意：唯一成功达到最高水平的方法是充分相信在运动场上你比任何人都优秀。
17．A warm thought occurred to me suddenly ________ I might buy some flowers for my friend's mother's 60th birthday.
答案：that “________ I might buy some flowers for my friend's mother's 60th birthday”是a warm thought的同位语。该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。句意：我突然有了一个很温馨的想法，我可以为我朋友的妈妈60岁大寿买些鲜花。
18．Danby left word with my secretary ________ he would call again in the afternoon.
答案：that 设空处引导同位语从句，说明word的具体内容。句意：丹比给我的秘书留下话，说下午还会给我打电话。
19．The question ________ should go abroad required consideration.
答案：who 此处的从句修饰名词question，说明的是question的内容，是同位语从句，再根据句意可知，设空处在从句中作主语，意为“谁”，故填who。
20．I have no idea ________ wine is the best—it's a matter of personal taste.
答案：which “________ wine is the best”是同位语从句。根据句意可知，空处表示“哪一种”，应用which引导该从句。故填which。句意：我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The fact which she works hard is well known to us all.
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答案：which→that fact后面的同位语从句解释说明fact的具体内容，在从句中不作成分，无语意，只起连接作用，因此改which为that。
2．The question that we'll invite Ann to the gathering really beats me, and I want your suggestion.
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答案：that→whether 分析句子结构可知，该句包含一个同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”的含义，所以用whether。句意：我们是否邀请Ann来参加这次聚会这个问题真把我难住了，我想听听你的建议。
3．They are faced with the hard choice what they should stay for another day or return home at once.
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答案：what→whether 根据句意并分析句子结构可知，该句包含一个同位语从句，解释说明前面的名词choice的内容，表示“是否”，并结合句中的or可知，应用whether引导。句意：他们面临着他们是应该多待一天还是立刻回家的艰难选择。
4．He came to the decision what he must act at once.
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答案：what→that decision后为同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，且语意完整，故用that引导。
5．This is our only request this be settled as soon as possible.
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答案：request后加that request后的从句解释说明request的内容，不缺成分和语意，应用that引导该同位语从句。
6．The question occurred to me that we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time.
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答案：第一个that→where 由下一句中的“in the middle of the forest”可知，同位语从句中的引导词与地点有关，故用where。句意：我突然想到，我们应该去哪里修理汽车。我们当时在森林的中央。
7．I am in favor of the view what we must make full use of the existing technical equipment.
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答案：what→that view后的从句解释说明view的内容，引导词在从句中不作成分，且无语意，所以应用that。句意：我赞成这样一种观点，即我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。
8．The idea which some people are superior to others is sheer nonsense.
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答案：which→that idea后接了一个同位语从句，解释说明the idea的内容，从句中不缺少成分，且无语意，此时应用that引导该从句。句意：有些人比别人优越，这一观点纯粹是胡说八道。
9．Can you produce any evidence what he was not at home that night.
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答案：what→that evidence后的从句解释说明evidence的内容，不缺成分和语意，应用that引导。
10．Word came Mr Smith had been given the Grammy Prize. It was a great honor for all of us.
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答案：came后加that that引导同位语从句，说明word的内容，that不可省略。此句为分隔式同位语从句。
11．People used to hold the belief where the earth was the center of the universe.
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答案：where→that 分析句子结构可知，belief后是一个同位语从句，对其进行说明，从句不缺成分，意思完整，应用that引导该从句。句意：人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。
12．We are now looking into the question that he is worth trusting.
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答案：that→whether question暗示此处是一个不确定的信息，后面要跟whether连接的同位语从句。
13．Our teacher gave us the suggestion we should do experiments in a scientific way.
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答案：suggestion后加that the suggestion后是一个同位语从句，从句不缺成分，语意完整，应用that引导该从句，that不能省略。句意：老师建议我们应该用科学的方法做实验。
14．We have offered him the position, but I don't have the slightest idea if he will accept it.
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答案：if→whether 根据 “I don't have the slightest idea”可知，此处表示不确定，且连词在从句中不充当成分，语意为“是否”，故用whether。if也可表示“是否”，但一般不引导同位语从句。
15．We heard the news last night whether the Queen of England was on a fourday visit in China.
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答案：whether→that 分析句子结构可知，news后面接有一个同位语从句，解释说明the news的内容，从句不缺成分，且无语意，故应用that引导该从句。句意：我们昨天晚上听到了这个消息，英国女王在中国进行为期四天的访问。
16．The thought worried me a lot what I might fail in the exam.
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答案：what→that 分析句子结构可知，此处应用that引导的同位语从句解释说明thought的具体内容，故改what为that。
17．He can't answer the question he was so late for the meeting.
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答案：第二个he前加why question的内容是“他为什么开会迟到这么久”，应用why引导该同位语从句。
18．When it came to online games, my deskmate asked me a question I had played what he called Angry Birds.
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答案：question后加whether question后面是一个同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，语意表示“是否”，故用whether引导，且不能省略。
19．We have some doubt that they can complete the task on time.
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答案：that→whether doubt后接的同位语从句不缺少成分，但语意上表达“是否”，应用whether连接。no doubt后的同位语从句一般用that连接。
20．By achieving these small targets, I have confidence I will overcome procrastination.
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答案：第二个I前加that 分析句子结构可知，confidence后为一个同位语从句，对confidence进行解释说明，且从句结构完整，故应用that引导，且that不能省略。
