2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：选修6Unit1ProtectingOurEnvironment

Unit 1　Protecting Our Environment   一、单词—— 写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.condemn vt.责备；谴责 2.genius n.  天才，天赋；天才人物3.focus n.  焦点，(活动、兴趣等的)中心4.biological adj.  生物学(上)的5.belong vi.  属于6.effective adj.  有效的；生效的7.limit vt.限制；限定 n．限度；限制→limited adj.有限的8.poisonous adj.有毒的；引起中毒的→poison n．毒药；毒物 vt.毒害；使中毒9.associated adj.联合的→associate vt.使联合→association n．协会；社团；联盟10.accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accident n．事故；意外11.environmental adj.环境的；环境产生的→environment n．环境12.increasing adj.渐增的，越来越多的→increasingly adv.日益；愈加→increase vt./vi.增加；增大；增多13.qualified adj.有资格的，胜任的；有限制的，有条件的→qualify vt.使合格，取得……资格→qualification n．资格，资历14.fluently adv.流畅地，流利地→fluent adj.流畅的，流利的15.alarming adj.惊人的；吓人的→alarm vt.使惊恐→alarmed adj.受惊的；惊恐的16.respond vi.答，回答，响应→response n．答复，回答17.pollute vt.污染→polluted adj.受污染的→pollution n．污染1.The leaves of certain trees are poisonous (poison) to cattle.2.It is reported that the actress didn’t respond to her divorce while her friends had different responses to it.(response)3.Compared with driving cars, riding a bicycle has no environmental (environment) problems.4.It is reported that the chemical factory has polluted the environment and the pollution is very serious.(pollute)5.In order to be a qualified teacher, every year, many graduates apply for teacher qualification,_but only a minority of them can qualify as teachers.(qualify)6.I wouldn’t want to be associated with the illegal association.(associate)7.Kate can speak English fluently and her fluent English makes her stand out among other applicants.(fluent)8.I am alarmed to hear that every family has guns.Violent crime is increasing at an alarming rate.(alarm)9.Time is limited but there’s no limit for us to serve people.(limit)10.The calculator was damaged accidentally (accident), and we needed to buy a new one.⇩ 1.“指责”动词一族①condemn　责备；谴责②blame  责备③accuse 控告；指责④charge 指责；控告⑤scold  斥责，责骂⑥criticize批评；指责2.奇“才”辈出①genius 　天才②talent  才能③gift  天赋④ability  才能⑤capability  才能⑥competence  能力3.­ing结尾形容词归纳①increasing 渐增的②alarming 惊人的；吓人的③amusing引起乐趣的④entertaining使人愉快的⑤boring  枯燥的⑥disgusting 使人讨厌的4.巧记­ous结尾形容词①poisonous　有毒的②dangerous  危险的③generous  慷慨的④mountainous多山的⑤ridiculous  可笑的⑥humorous  幽默的二、短语——写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.shut_...up 　　住口；关闭2.millions_of  大量的；无数的……3.at_night　　　夜里；夜间　　　4.complain_about 抱怨5.sound_like  听起来像……  6.set_...free  释放……7.in_danger_of 在……危险之中  8.according_to  根据，按照9.as_many_as  和……一样多10.get_into  介入；进入；陷入11.respond_to  响应12.lead_to  导致13.cut_down_on  减少……(使用/消费)14.at_risk  冒险 1.The doctors told me to cut_down_on smoking and drinking.2.“What has made those companies get_into trouble？” he asked.3.After three years’ imprisonment, he was set_free at last.4.He was in_danger_of falling off the tall building when he got the kite back for his son.5.Nowadays some stars who enjoy full justice often complain_about how hard their lives are.6.Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond_to it.⇩1.“数量”短语荟萃①millions of　 大量的②thousands of  数以千计的③hundreds of  几百④billions of  几十亿⑤scores of  许多⑥dozens of  几十2.“at＋n.”短语一览①at risk　冒险②at ease  安逸；无拘无束③at cost  按成本④at hand  在身边，在附近⑤at length  最后；详细地⑥at fault  有责任；有错误三、句式——背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.They were believed to have been brought in accidentally in shipments of plants from Puerto Rico or Florida.人们普遍认为，这种蛙是在用船只运送植物的过程中偶然地被从波多黎各或佛罗里达州带到了夏威夷。sb./sth.be believed to do ...为固定结构，意为“某人或某物被认为做……”。人们认为这些动物已经在这个地区生活了好几万年了。These animals are_believed_to_have_lived in the area for tens of thousands of years.2.At night, the noise often makes it difficult for people to sleep.晚上，蛙声让人难以入眠！make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.，其中it是形式宾语，不定式(短语)为真正的宾语。苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。Susan made_it_clear_to_me that she wished to make a new life for herself.3.Scientists say the same thing is happening to our planet, making it a dangerously warmer place.科学家指出，同样的事情正发生在我们的星球上，使它的变暖越来越危险。现在分词短语用作结果状语，表示一种必然或合乎逻辑的结果。这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。The news shocked the public, leading_to_great_concern_about students’ safety at school. 
 第一板块核心单词归纳集释1．associated adj.联合的；相关的；有联系的[经典例句]　He no longer wished to be associated with the party’s policy on education.他不再愿意认同该党的教育方针。(1)be associated with ...　 和……有关(2)associate vt.   使联合；联系associate ...with ...   把……和……联系在一起associate with sb.   与某人交往或打交道(3)association n.   联合；联盟；联系；协会；团体in association with ...   与……合伙/合作①There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking.有很多严重的健康问题都与吸烟有关。②We are working in association(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.我们正联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。[联想发散]　表示“把……与……相连接”的短语还有：connect ...with/to ...; link ...with/to ...; relate ...to ...等。2．condemn vt.责备；谴责；判刑[教材原句]　But in Hawaii, the foreign frog has been condemned as a harmful animal.但在夏威夷，这种外国蛙被谴责为一种有害的动物。be condemned to sth.　　　　　 被处以某种刑罚；使某人被迫接受困境be condemned to do sth.   注定做某事be condemned as   被谴责为condemn/sentence sb.to death   判处某人死刑condemn sb.for (doing) sth.   因(做)某事而谴责某人①Lack of skills condemned him to_live (live) a poor life.缺乏技能注定了他要过着艰难的生活。②She knew that society would condemn_her_for abandoning her children.她知道社会会因她遗弃自己的孩子们而谴责她。3．limit vt.限制；限定 n.限制；限度[教材原句]　Researchers say businesses and governments must create new technology that limits the production of greenhouse gases.研究人员说，企业和政府必须创造新的技术来限制温室气体的产生。(1)limit ...to ...　　　　　 把……限定在……be limited to ...   限定在……(2)set a limit to   对……限制/控制there is a/no limit to   对……是有限的/无限的(3)limited adj.   有限的①We must limit the expenses to what we can afford.我们必须把开销限制在我们能支付的范围内。②There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to serving (serve) the people.一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。③Unfortunately, the drug is of limited (limit) value in treating cancer.遗憾的是，这种药对于治疗癌症作用有限。[名师指津]　上述短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空)1．One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.2．What impresses me most is that the little girl can speak English accurately and fluently (fluent)．3．Seeing the poisonous (poison) gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.4．Many fans are always collecting a lot of information associated (associate) with their favourite stars.5．With online shopping increasingly (increase) popular, the Internet is seen as an efficient way of reaching target customers.6．In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental (environment) protection.(2015·北京高考单选)7．—Are you sure he is qualified to drive a car?—Yes.He got his driving qualification before he was qualified as a teacher.(qualify)8．As is known to us, China is a country belonging (belong) to the Third World.Ⅱ.重难点多练1．condemn万花筒 (1)介词填空①The criminal was condemned to ten years in jail.②Her uncle was also condemned for his bad behavior.(2)句型转换③We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings.→We shouldn’t condemn technology for our shortcomings.④He was sentenced to death for murder and later hanged.→He was_condemned_to death for murder and later hanged.⑤Those who do not learn from history are bound  to repeat it.→Those who do not learn from history are_condemned_to repeat it.2．limit点点练(1)介词填空①In my opinion, you had better set a limit to the expense of your trip.②In my opinion, taking cellphones with the students should not be banned, but limited (limit) to certain areas.③Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.(2)补全句子④暴力犯罪并不局限于大城市。Violent crime is_not_limited_to big cities.⑤人的生命是有限的，但是学习知识是无限的。There_is_a_limit_to one’s life, but no limit to_learning_the_knowledge.Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出focus的词性和词义(A)n.焦点　　(B)n.焦距　(C)n.(活动、兴趣等的)中心(D)vt.使对准  (E)vt.集中注意力1．He always wants to be the focus of attention.__A__2．He took out the camera and adjusted the focus.__B__3．The main focus of this meeting is the management of fresh ground water resources.__C__4．The noise made it hard for me to focus on my work.__E__5．Let your eyes focus on objects that are further away from you.__D__第二板块短语句型归纳集释1．in danger of在……危险之中[教材原句]　As many as one million species of land plants and animals are in danger of becoming extinct if global warming continues.如果全球变暖持续，那么将会有多达一百万种的陆地动植物物种面临灭绝的危险。in danger　　　　　　　　 在危险中out of danger   脱离危险 a danger to ...   ……的威胁/危害①You are so kind­hearted that you always give me a hand when I am in_danger.你心肠真好，总是在我危险时帮助我。②The operation is a success and now the patient is out_of_danger.手术成功了，病人现在已脱离危险。2．get into介入；进入；陷入；养成，染上(坏习惯)[教材原句]　Global warming is caused when carbon dioxide (CO2) gets into the atmosphere.全球变暖是由于二氧化碳进入大气层时造成的。get into the habit of　　　 养成……习惯get down to   开始做(某事)get rid of   摆脱；除去get along/on with   进展；相处get through   做完；通过；渡过；接通(电话)①The best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place.对付毒品的最好方法是首先别养成(吸毒的)习惯。②Isn’t it time you got down to marking (mark) the papers?难道不是到你开始批改试卷的时候了吗？3．Scientists say the same thing is happening to our planet, making_it_a_dangerously_warmer_place.科学家指出，同样的事情正发生在我们的星球上，使它的变暖越来越危险。句中making it a dangerously warmer place为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语表示必然的或合乎逻辑的结果，常置于句尾， 其前可以加thus。①A few men were quarrelling noisily at midnight, waking (wake) almost everyone in the building.几个人在半夜吵架，几乎把大楼里所有的人都吵醒了。②She lost her smartphone while shopping, giving (give) away all her secret photos.她在购物时丢了手机，结果泄露了所有她的私密照片。[名师指津]　不定式有时也可以用作结果状语，但往往表示意料之外的结果，常用only或just修饰。③They reached the company out of breath only to_be_told (tell) they were fired.他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，不料被告知他们被开除了。   Ⅰ.基础点全练1．单句语法填空①This new film is believed to_be_adapted (adapt) from a novel by Jane Austen.②George returned after the war, only to_be_told (tell) that his wife had left him.③To his parents’ worry, he always puts his life at risk by challenging.④The Internet has made it possible for us to get the latest news at home and abroad in time.⑤At first, you may think of ways to cut down on your expenses or increase your earnings.⑥Many species are in danger of dying out because of a lack of habitat.⑦The editor of the newspaper was condemned  as lacking integrity.⑧He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving (leave) the breakfast untouched.2．运用所学短语完成片段Using too much water or throwing rubbish everywhere can put our water supply ①in_danger (在危险中)．You may wonder how paving a road can ②lead_to (导致)  less usable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from ③millions_of (大量的) lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.More roads and parking lots can ④cut_down_on (减少……) the amount of groundwater.So we should take many measures to stop us from ⑤getting_into (养成， 染上) the bad habit of wasting water.Ⅱ.重难点多练get相关短语多棱镜(1)介、副词填空①You would not get into trouble if you had taken my advice then.②He’s a bit quick­tempered, but not difficult to get along with.③He’s trying to get out of tidying his room.④I dialed the number for many times, but it couldn’t get through.(2)补全句子⑤我整晚都在给查尔斯打电话，但一定是网络出了问题，好像就是接不通。I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t_seem_to_get_through.⑥他打开窗户把气味散出去。He opened the windows to_get_rid_of_the_smell.     [单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It’s important to have a sense of belonging (belong)．2．I wanted to know why he didn’t respond to my suggestion.3．Write down all the words associated with candles.4．This kind of discussion will lead to still greater differences between the two parties.5．One of our workmates has been in danger.We are concerned about his health.6．Those who cannot answer all three riddles, however, will be condemned to death.7．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.8．With all his attention focused (focus) on the amusing TV program, he didn’t notice the stranger’s coming in.9．After his graduation, this project was exhibited in art galleries all over China, making (make) him famous nationwide.10．It is generally believed that IT has both advantages and disadvantages.Ⅱ.单句改错1．I’ll help you as much as I can, but there’s a limit for what I can do.for→to2．I think you should focus your attention to your work.to→on3．It rained heavily in the south, caused serious flooding in several provinces.caused→causing4．Some birds are in the danger of dying out on account of lack of habitat.去掉the5．No matter how busy he is, he makes a rule to read at least 20 minutes a day.make后加it6．We were warned that we were in the danger on the way home.去掉第一个theⅢ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Healthy eating is always the centre of people’s life.According_to (根据) Dr.Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle.They enjoy food, and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans limit_their_three_meals_to (把他们的三餐限制在) a certain period of time.①People believe that Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep a growing eating after the French would have stopped.②In addition, Mercola points out that Americans usually drive to huge supermarkets to buy many canned and frozen foods or even some junk foods, which makes some people lead an unhealthy life.The number of people suffering from obesity has increased at a terrifying rate.Millions_of (大量的) people are in_danger_of (在……危险之中) being too fat.It sounds like incredible.The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high­quality meats for each meal.(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)centre→focus(2)growing→increasing(3)terrifying→alarming2．按要求改写句式(1)用“sb./sth.be believed to do ...”句型改写句①Americans_are_believed_to_lose_the_ability_to_sense_when_they_are_actually_full.(2)用现在分词作结果状语改写句②In addition, Mercola points out that Americans usually drive to huge supermarkets to buy many canned and frozen foods or even some junk foods, making_some_people_lead_an_unhealthy_life.