2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：选修8Unit4Filmsandfilmevents





(一)课前自主学习


Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．biography n．　　　　　 传记，传记作品
2．fantasy n. 幻想，想象
3．broad adj.[纵联1] 各种各样的，广泛的；宽阔的；概括的
4．partner n. [纵联2] 伙伴，搭档；合伙人
5．spokesman n. 发言人
6．criterion n. (评判的)标准，准则，原则
7．boycott vt. 拒绝购买(或使用、参加)，抵制
8．hatch vt. & vi. 策划，(尤指)密谋；孵化，孵出
9．sponsor n. 赞助者，赞助商
vt. 赞助，资助；主办，举办
10．top­ranking adj. 最高等级的，最重要的
11．institution n. 机构；制度
12．laundry n. 洗衣服；洗衣店；要洗的(或刚洗好的)衣物
13．anecdote n. 逸事，趣闻
14．parallel adj. 平行的；相似的
n. 相似的人或事物；相似特征
15．salty adj. 咸的，含盐的
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．resemble vt. 看起来像，类似
2．tiresome adj. 讨厌的，令人厌烦的
3．tense adj. 令人紧张的；神经紧张的；绷紧的，不松弛的
4．zoom vi. 快速移动；急剧增长
5．overlook vt. 忽略，未注意到；不予理会；俯视
6．attraction n. 吸引人的特征；有吸引力的地方；
吸引，吸引力
7．expose vt. 使接触，使面临；暴露，揭露
8．preference n. 偏爱，偏好
9．deliberately adv. 故意地
10．swift adj. 迅速的，迅捷的
11．formal adj. 正式的，正规的；形式上的
12．sincere adj.[纵联3] 真诚的，诚挚的
13．entry n. 参赛作品；进入，加入；条目，词条
14．edge n. (微弱的)优势；边缘；刀刃
15．modest adj. 不太大的，不太贵的，些许的；
谦虚的，谦逊的
16．conquer vt. 征服，占领；战胜，克服
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．representative n．代表→represent vt.代表
2．finance vt.给……提供经费n.财政，金融；资金→financial adj.财政的，财务的，金融的
3．restriction n．限制，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束→restricted adj.受限制的
4．contradict vt.& vi.驳斥，反驳；与……相矛盾，相反→contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的→contradiction n．矛盾
5．congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜→congratulate vt.祝贺，向……庆贺
6．robbery n．抢劫→rob vt.抢劫→robber n．强盗
7．accumulate vt.& vi.积累，积聚；逐渐增加→accumulation n．积累，积聚
8．fierce adj.激烈的，猛烈的；凶狠的，凶猛的→fiercely adv.凶猛地；猛烈地，激烈地
9．disappoint vt.使失望，使扫兴→disappointment n．失望，沮丧；令人失望的人或事物


纵联1.巧记“形近意异”词
①abroad adv. 到国外，在国外
②broad adj. 宽阔的，辽阔的
③board vt. 上(船、车或飞机)
④aboard adv. 在船(或飞机、车)上
纵联2.“朋友圈”
①partner 伙伴；同伴
②fellow 同伴；伙伴
③net­pal 网友
④roommate 室友，舍友
⑤companion 同伴；同事；伴侣
⑥colleague 同事，同僚
⑦pen­pal 笔友
⑧acquaintance 熟悉的人
⑨friend 朋友
纵联3.做人要“坦诚”
①sincere 真诚的，诚挚的
②frank 坦白的；直率的
③open 坦率的
④honest 诚实的
⑤straightforward 坦率的

单元话题——电影
子话题1　影视相关人员
①hairdresser n. 发型师
②make­up man n. 男化妆师
③director n. 导演
④producer n. 制片人
⑤audience n. 观众；听众
⑥supporting role 配角
⑦leading role 主角
⑧cameraman/photographer n．　 摄影师
子话题2　影视类型
①drama n. 戏剧
②cartoon n. 动画片
③comedy n. 喜剧；喜剧片
④tragedy n. 悲剧
⑤opera n. 歌剧
⑥soap opera 肥皂剧
⑦TV series 电视连续剧
子话题3　影视器材及设施
①camera n. 摄像机
②film n. 胶卷
③microphone n. 麦克风
④stage n. 舞台
⑤studio n. 工作室；演播室；摄影棚
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2011·福建高考阅读A)Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected.When alcohol is consumed, it enters❶ your bloodstream and acts as a depressant (抑制药), damaging eyesight, judgement and co­ordination (协调), slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing❷ the risk of accidents.Even below the drink driving limit❸， driving will be affected.
Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice.To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow❹ process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.
①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：entry；表示“进入”这个动作时，后面通常与介词into连用；表示“参加比赛的人或物”时，后面通常接介词for。
②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：zoom
③写出加黑词在本单元的近义词：restriction，其动词形式是：restrict，意为“限制”，形容词是：restricted，意为“有限的；受约束的”。
④写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：swift，意思是“迅速的，敏捷的，能够快速移动的”。
2．(2010·湖北高考阅读D)To my __❶__ (disappoint), in this part of the book he ignores❷ the arts.As a matter of fact, they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do, though the study differs slightly❸ in kind.Although it's commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired, actually, learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.
①用所给词的适当形式填空：disappointment，其形容词形式为：disappointed“失望的”，disappointing“令人失望的”。本句话中用了固定搭配：to_one's_disappointment，意为“令某人失望的是”。
②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：overlook，意思是“忽略，不理会”，此外该词还可以表示“俯瞰，俯视”。
③写出加黑词的形容词在本单元的反义词：broad，其动词是broaden，意为“加宽，变宽”。

高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)总而言之，我真诚地邀请你亲自到我们学校来看看。(sincerely)
All_in_all,_I_sincerely_invite_you_to_come_to_our_school_and_see_for_yourself.
2．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)令我失望的是，其中一些评级是公司或卖家谨慎操作(manipulation)的结果。(disappointment)
To_my_disappointment,_some_of_the_ratings_are_the_outcome_of_a_careful_manipulation_of_companies_or_sellers.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．representative n．代表；典型人物adj.典型的；有代表性的
[记牢]
(1)be representative of　　　 代表着……；是……的代表
(2)represent v. 代表；描绘
represent ... as 把……描绘成
[练通]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Her daughter is very clever and often represented as_a genius.
②The city is a special case and hardly representative (represent) of China.
③The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing_8_different_countries.
这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。
[写美]
④(2018·北京高考书面表达)茶文化是传统文化的代表，具有巨大的魅力和价值。
Tea_culture_is_a_representative_of_traditional_culture,_which_is_of_great_charm_and_huge_value._
2．expose vt.使接触，使体验，使面临；暴露，显露，揭露
[记牢]
(1)expose ... to ...　 把……暴露在……，使……接触……
expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事
(2)exposed adj. (指地方)无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的
be exposed to 接触……；暴露于……中
(3)exposure n. 暴露
exposure to 暴露于……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Most people have not thought of diabetes as a disease related to environmental exposure (expose)．
②This part of the west coast of Scotland is very exposed(expose) to Atlantic winds.
③Parents and teachers should expose children to good art and music.
完成句子
④The wolf opened its mouth to expose_a_row_of_sharp_white_teeth.
狼张开嘴，露出一排白色的尖牙。
⑤The report showed that workers had_been_exposed_to unacceptably high levels of radiation.
报告披露了工人们已经受到了令人无法接受的高强度辐射的危害。
⑥Traveling abroad exposes_children_to different languages and cultures.
去国外旅行使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。
[写美]
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)外国学生接触到中国茶馆，独特的茶具与茶杯给他们留下了深刻印象。
Exposed_to_the_tea_house,_the_foreign_students_were_impressed_by_the_unique_tea_pots_and_tea_cups.
3．contradict vt.& vi.驳斥，反驳；与……相矛盾，相反
[记牢]
(1)contradict oneself　　　　　 自相矛盾
(2)contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的
be contradictory to 与……相矛盾/对立
(3)contradiction n. 矛盾，反驳
in contradiction to/with ... 与……相矛盾/对立
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The answers to this question were various and contradictory (contradict)．
②The prisoner's statement was contradictory to the one he'd made earlier.
③Behind them all, though, is the contradiction (contradict) between economic growth and the environment.
完成句子
④The speaker had got confused, and started contradicting_himself.
演讲者糊涂了，说话开始自相矛盾。
⑤Your reply today is in_direct_contradiction_to what you said last week.
你今天的答复跟上星期说的恰好相反。
[写美]
⑥(2018·江苏高考书面表达)不可否认，这样的评级可能会给消费者带来方便。然而，它们有时会自相矛盾，因为它们常常误导人，也不可靠。
There_is_no_denying_that_such_ratings_might_bring_convenience_to_consumers._However,_they_sometimes_contradict_themselves,_for_they_are_often_misleading_and_unreliable.
4．resemble vt.看起来像，类似
[记牢]
(1)resemble sb./sth. (in ...)　 (在……方面)与某人/某物相似
(2)resemblance n. 相似
[练通]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①The two sisters resemble each other in appearance but differ in character.
②People often use the phrase “like father, like son” to refer to family resemblance (resemble)．
③We just naturally think that the future will_resemble_the_past.
我们只是想当然地认为未来会和过去相似。
[写美]
④(2010·湖北高考书面表达)微笑如同寒冬里第一束勇敢的阳光，它会消解你心头的痛苦。
A_smile_resembles_the_first_brave_sunshine_in_winter._It_will_relieve_the_pain_in_your_heart.
5．preference n．偏爱，偏好
[记牢]
(1)have/show a preference for　　 更喜欢/偏爱……
give (a) preference to 给……以优惠/优待
develop a preference for 养成对……的偏爱
in preference to 优先于，而不是
(2)prefer v. 更喜欢
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Parents may be able to express a preference (prefer) as to the school their child will attend.
②It often is preferred (preference) by those who want an English version that reflects the grammar of the original.
完成句子
③When it comes to fruit, I would usually choose apples in_preference_to_pears.
谈到水果，我通常更愿意选择苹果，其次才是梨。
④We give_preference_to applicants with some experience.
我们优先录用有经验的申请人。
[写美]
⑤(2016·四川高考书面表达)我更喜欢秋天，因为秋天意味着收获和喜悦。
I_have_a_preference_for_autumn,_for_autumn_means_harvest_and_joy.
6．attraction n．吸引人的特征；有吸引力的地方/事物；吸引，吸引力
[记牢]
(1)a tourist attraction　　　 旅游景点
(2)attract vt. 吸引；引起
attract sb. to sth. 吸引/引起某人对某事的兴趣
attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；诱人的
[练通]　单句语法填空/完成句子
①Smoking is still attractive (attract) to many young people who see it as glamorous (刺激的)．
②Honestly speaking, there are a lot of tourist attractions(attract) in this ancient city.
③Anything with strong gravity attracts other things to it.
④Public emergencies are major issues facing our country, which attract_great_attention_of the government and the public.
突发公共事件是我国面临的重大问题，引起了政府的高度重视和公众的密切关注。
[写美]
⑤(2011·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)同样吸引我的是世界著名人士的成功故事，这帮助我了解一个人如何努力工作，使世界变得更美好。
Equally_attractive_are_the_success_stories_of_world­famous_people,_which_help_me_understand_how_a_person_can_work_hard_to_make_the_world_a_better_place.
7．disappoint vt.使失望，使扫兴
[记牢]
(1)disappointed adj.　　　　　　 　　 感到失望的
be disappointed to do sth. 因做某事而失望
be/feel disappointed at/about/with ... 对……感到失望
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(2)disappointment n. 失望
(much) to one's disappointment
＝ to one's (great) disappointment
使某人(非常)失望的是
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The speech was most disappointing (disappoint). It had skirted round all the main questions.
②We were all disappointed to_learn (learn) that the picnic had been cancelled.
③To his great disappointment (disappoint), his car broke down on the way to the beach.
单句改错
④It is disappointed when I know you can't go to Hangzhou with us during the National Day holiday.disappointed→disappointing
⑤There was a disappointing look on David's face when he knew he didn't pass the driving test. disappointing→disappointed
[写美]
⑥(2014·北京高考书面表达)学生对学校的自行车存车处很失望，因为它的入口窄，经常拥堵。
The_students_were_disappointed_at_the_parking_place_for_bike_in_our_school,_because_it_was_small_and_always_blocked.
[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I began cutting back on unhealthy things like fried and salty(咸的) and sweet foods.
2．Peter doesn't seem to take after his father; but resembles (相似) his mother very much.
3．What attracts me to go there is that there are a lot of attractions (有吸引力的地方) there.
4．How tiresome (令人厌烦的)! I have left my watch behind.
5．The result seems to contradict (与……相矛盾) a major US study reported last November.
6．To my disappointment (失望), the immigration officer rejected my visa application with the excuse that my daughter had the intention of migration.
7．I'd choose the smaller car in preference (优先) to the larger one.
8．Though small, the firm has sponsored (资助) many students at the university so far.
9．The cottage is exposed (显露) in a very position at the top of the hill.
10．I had the strong impression that what I had accumulated (积累) was simply bad news that nobody wanted to hear.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．His statement contradicts with_the facts. We have to find more evidence.
2．The boy bears great resemblance (resemble) to Jim; are they twins?
3．Being_exposed (expose) to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.
4．It seemed that he deliberately (deliberate) upset her.
5．The government placed restrictions on the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported.
6．The diversity of students' talents are_overlooked (overlook) because schools typically focus on a narrow view of academic ability.
7．I couldn't be present myself, but I sent my representative (represent) to the meeting.
8．They suffered huge financial (finance) losses in the crisis.
9．—John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
—Oh, congratulations (congratulate)!
10．The steady accumulation (accumulate) of small debts was a ball and chain to his progress.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．With medical treatment and exercise working on parallel, he will quickly recover. on→in
2．It's a pity that you have to leave so soon. I sincere hope that you will come back.sincere→sincerely
3．How disappointed it was to have missed the train！disappointed→disappointing
4．I do think you resemble with your mother very closely.去掉with
5．In their spare time, the couple often take the kids to galleries, museums and theaters, hoping to expose them on as much art and culture as possible. on→to
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The politician's statement was_contradictory_to_the one he'd made earlier in the same week.
这个政客的声明与他在本周早些时候做的相矛盾。
2．Don't expose_your_skin_to direct sunlight, or you'll get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴露于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。
3．There are lots of great shopping centres and super­modern bookshops, which attract_my
_attention much.
有许多大型购物中心和超现代的书店，这很吸引我。
4．To_our_great_disappointment,_it rained every day of the trip.
这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。
5．These exhibitions have been selected because they represent_Chinese_traditional_
culture_best.
这些展品最能代表中国传统文化，所以入选。

(一)课前自主学习

1．in_defence_of　　　　　　 为……辩护；防卫
2．show_off 炫耀，卖弄
3．give_thought_to 认真考虑，思考
4．point_out 指出
5．regardless_of[串记1] 不管
6．be_devoted_to[串记2] (把时间、精力等)用于，献身于
7．in_the_minority 占少数
8．refer_to 提到；参考；有关；指的是
9．pay_attention_to 注意
10．have_no_access_to 没有……的机会/权利
11．be_aware_of 知道，意识到
12．have_a_tendency_to 有……倾向
13．outside_of 在……外面
14．view_...as_...[串记3] 把……看作……
15．be_likely_to_do_sth. 很可能做某事
16．in_one's_opinion 在某人看来
17．at_the_end_of 在……末尾，在……结束时
18．in_this_case 在这种情况下

[同根短语串记]
串记1.“of结尾”短语小结
①regardless of 不管
②as a result of 由于，因为
③in spite of 尽管
④on account of 由于，因为
⑤on behalf of 代表
⑥instead of 代替；而不是
⑦in terms of 就……来说
串记2.“be＋adj.＋to (介词)”短语荟萃
①be accustomed/used to 习惯于……
②be addicted to 对……着迷
③be exposed to 接触/暴露于……　
④be devoted to 致力于/献身于……
⑤be attached to 附属于……
串记3.“把……看作……”表达种种
①view ... as ... ②consider ... as ...
③regard ... as ... ④think of ... as ...
⑤look on ... as ... ⑥see ... as ...
⑦treat ... as ...

1．make no restrictions on　　　　　 对……不作限制
2．learn about real people's lives 了解人们的真实生活
3．show special favour_to American films
对美国电影情有独钟
4．work part­time_as a journalist 当兼职记者
5．live with his relatives 和他的亲戚住在一起
6．write_down what happened 记下所发生的事情
7．the film's main attractions 电影的主要亮点
8．in the world of magic 在魔法世界里

1．We make no restrictions on the kinds of films we show — as_long_as a film's quality meets our standards, we include it.
我们对我们所放映的电影的种类不作限制——只要它的质量达到我们的标准，我们就接纳它。
2．Whether you think the Academy Awards really resemble a film festival or not, everyone agrees that the Oscar is the best­known award a film can receive.
不论你是否认为奥斯卡金像奖真的像电影节，人人都赞同奥斯卡金像奖是电影能获得的最著名的奖项。
3．However, he later finds out that his father was a wizard and that his mother was a witch, both_of_whom were murdered by an evil wizard — the same wizard who gave Harry the scar.
但是后来哈利发现他的父亲是巫师，母亲是女巫，他们都是被一个邪恶的巫师杀害的——也就是给哈利留下伤疤的那个巫师。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)
1．(2014·安徽高考任务型读写)A final point to bear in mind is that the term “classical music” is used to refer_to (指的是) a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras (管弦乐队)．
2．(2012·江西高考阅读B)The main theme is a teenage search of self­discovery, in_this_case (在这种情况下) the search for a mother from whom the hero was separated at an early age.
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在我看来，为了使课堂进行得顺利，你最好提前了解一下唐朝的历史。(in my opinion)
In_my_opinion,_to_make_the_class_go_smoothly,_you'd_better_know_about_the_history_of_Tang_Dynasty_in_advance.
2．(2017·北京高考书面表达)不论你选择“长江之行 ”还是“泰山之旅”，你都会玩得愉快。(whether ... or ...)
Whether_you_choose_the_trip_to_the_Yangtze_River_or_the_trip_to_Mount_Tai,_you_will_have_a_good_time.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]

[记牢]
at first thought　　　　　　　 乍一想
at the thought of 一想到……(就)
on second thought(s) 经仔细考虑后
without a second thought 立即，马上；不假思索
(be) deep/lost in thought 陷入沉思
read sb.'s thoughts 看出某人的心思
[练通]
单句语法填空
①When we chatted over the tea, he said he cheered up at the thought of going home.
②Walking along the street, he was lost in thought so that he almost ran against a passer­by.
完成句子
③Most people throw away old cell phones without_a_second_thought.
对于旧手机，大多数人可能想都不想就会把它们扔掉。
④Take it easy. Our leaders are sure to give_enough_thought_to your problem.
请放心，我们的领导一定会充分考虑你的问题的。
[写美]
⑤(2013·北京高考书面表达)我发现妈妈感到不舒服。她感冒了。我立即去给她买了药，然后为她准备了面条。
I_found_my_mother_wasn't_feeling_well._She_had_a_cold._Without_a_second_thought,_I_went_to_get_her_some_medicine_and_then_prepared_some_noodles_for_her.
[句式集释]
1．whether ... or ...引导让步状语从句
[教材原句]　Whether you think the Academy Awards really resemble a film festival or not, everyone agrees that the Oscar is the best­known award a film can receive.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Whether_we_will_go_there_or_not tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否去那里取决于天气。
(2)There were times when I wondered whether_or_not we would get there.
有时候我也想知道我们能不能做得到。
(3)You'd better decide for yourself whether_to_go_or_not.
究竟去不去，你自己拿主意吧。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)句中whether ... or ...为固定句型，意为“不管……是否……，不管是……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，它还可以引导名词性从句。
(2)whether之后可接动词不定式(即whether to do ...)。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·天津高考写作佳句)Whether I'm busy with the lessons or not, I'll manage to find time to hang out with my friends.(开头句)
(2)(2016·江苏高考满分作文)Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it.It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.(开头句)
(3)(2015·浙江高考满分作文)Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum.(要点句)
2．“不定代词/数词/名词/形容词的最高级＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)”引导的定语从句
[教材原句]　However, he later finds out that his father was a wizard and that his mother was a witch, both_of_whom were murdered by an evil wizard — the same wizard who gave Harry the scar.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Here are some problems put up at the meeting, most_of_which are about education and health care.
会议上提出了一些问题，大部分都是关于教育和医疗的。
(2)The car, the_color_of_which_is_red,_belongs to me.
那辆红色的汽车是我的。
(3)There are one hundred people present at the meeting, thirty_of_whom are foreigners.
参加会议的有一百人，其中30个是外国人。
(4)China has thousands of islands, the_biggest_of_which is Taiwan Island.
中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)both/neither/all/none/some/most/many/several/a few/...＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)
(2)the＋名词＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)
(3)数词＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)
(4)形容词的最高级＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ写作佳句)Our school has a big gymnasium and playground with modern facilities, the most popular of which is a lawn football field.(要点句)
(2)(2017·北京高考写作佳句)Your school organizes two travel routes to China, both of which are fascinating.(要点句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.选词填空
in defence of, show off, give thought to, as long as, point out, in the minority, view ...as ..., be aware of, approve of, show preference for
1．While the army takes both men and women, women are in_the_minority.
2．The soldiers fight in_defence_of their country.
3．She never gives_thought_to her appearance.
4．She only bought that sports car to show_off_and prove she could afford one.
5．The attack on the ship was viewed_as an act of war.
6．Not only did he point_out my shortcomings, but he also helped me to overcome them.
7．He has been_aware_of his mistakes, and wants to correct them without delay.
8．As_long_as you don't betray me, I'll do whatever you ask me to do.
9．The chairman, full of confidence, put forward his plan, expecting that everyone would approve_of it.
10．Parents should not show_preference_for any one of their children.
Ⅱ.句型转换/完成句子
1．It hasn't been decided whether they will go to the party or not.
→They haven't decided whether to go to the party or not.
2．Tom, the legs of whom were badly hurt, was quickly taken to the hospital.
→Tom, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to the hospital.
3．Before you blow it all on a luxury cruise, give_a_little_thought_to the future.
在你把钱全砸到一趟海上豪华之旅前，多少考虑一下日后怎么办。
4．Anyone, whether_he_is_an_official_or_a_bus_driver,_should be equally respected.
任何一个人，不管是政府官员还是公交车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。
5．We lives in a small house, the_window_of_which_is_very_large.
我们住在一所小房子里，房子的窗子非常大。
Ⅲ.分步写作
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：
1．短片内容：学校的发展；
2．放映时间、地点；
3．欢迎对短片提出意见。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
　
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于应用文写作中的通知，时态以一般将来时为主，人称方面应注意三种人称灵活使用。根据写作提纲，本书面通知应包括以下三方面的内容： 一是指明通知的主题；二是介绍活动的安排、内容和要求；三是倡议大家积极参与。
要点1：我们学校将要放映一部非常出色的短片，欢迎加入我们一起欣赏。(outstanding, show)
An_outstanding_movie_will_be_shown_in_our_campus._Welcome_to_join_us_and_enjoy_it!
要点2－①：短片的名字是Growing Together。
The_name_of_the_movie_is_Growing_Together.
要点2－②：这部影片不但有意义而且很有趣。(meaningful)
The_movie_will_be_not_only_meaningful_but_also_interesting.
要点2－③：它将在六月九号的下午两点到四点之间在图书馆放映。
It_will_be_shown_in_the_library_from_2：00_to_4：00_in_the_afternoon_on_June_9th.
要点2－④：欢迎你们每个人参加。(take part in)
Every_one_of_you_will_be_welcome_to_take_part_in_it.
要点3－①：希望你们能来参加我们的活动。(make it)
Hopefully,_you_would_make_it_to_our_activity.
要点3－②：我有信心你们会度过一段愉快的时光。(confidence)
I_have_the_confidence_that_you_will_have_a_great_time.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
第一步对要点的提炼比较全面，第二步可在此基础上对部分要点进行升级表达，并适当补充些细节。如要点2－①，可添加定语从句介绍影片的内容；要点2－②可升级为主语从句；要点2－③可升级为宾语从句；要点2－④可用现在分词短语作状语对其内容进行扩充，并提出观后要求。
拓展2－①：短片的名字是Growing Together，是关于我们深爱的母校的发展历程的。(which引导的定语从句)
The_name_of_the_movie_is_Growing_Together,_which_is_about_the_development_of_our_beloved_school.
升级2－②：大家认为这部影片不但有意义而且很有趣。(It is believed that)
It_is_believed_that_the_movie_will_be_not_only_meaningful_but_also_interesting.
升级2－③：请务必注意它将在六月九号的下午两点到四点之间在图书馆放映。(宾语从句)
Please_note_that_it_will_be_shown_in_the_library_from_2：00_to_4：00_in_the_afternoon_on_June_9th.
拓展2－④：欢迎你们每个人参加，欣赏影片，并在之后进行热烈的讨论，给出你们自己的看法。(现在分词短语作状语)
Every_one_of_you_will_be_welcome_to_take_part_in_it,_enjoying_the_movie,_having_a_heated_discussion_afterwards_and_giving_your_own_comments.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
结合要点，文章可划分为三段来写。本文是一篇通知，可添加常用开头句“May I have your attention, please？”，承上启下句“Here are some relevant details about it.”，以及衔接词recently, to begin with, besides, what's more等使文章前后连贯，逻辑顺畅。
Boys_and_girls，
May_I_have_your_attention,_please?_Recently,_an_outstanding_movie_will_be_shown_in_our_campus._Welcome_to_join_us_and_enjoy_it!_Here_are_some_relevant_details_about_it.
To_begin_with,_the_name_of_the_movie_is_Growing_Together,_which_is_about_the_development_of_our_beloved_school._It_is_believed_that_the_movie_will_be_not_only_meaningful_but_also_interesting._Besides,_please_note_that_it_will_be_shown_in_the_library_from_2：00_to_4：00_in_the_afternoon_on_June_9th.What's_more,_every_one_of_you_will_be_welcome_to_take_part_in_it,_enjoying_the_movie,_having_a_heated_discussion_afterwards_and_giving_your_own_comments.
Hopefully,_you_would_make_it_to_our_activity._I_have_the_confidence_that_you_will_have_a_great_time.
The_Students'_Union

掌握阅读技能之(六)　概括
概括能力要求较高，不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能力，还考查能从文中提炼要点、并对要点进行归纳、加工的能力。在高考试题中大多会问及短文主题、标题、作者的写作意图、短文的学科分类及读者对象等。
[高考典例1]　2016·浙江卷·C篇
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort — the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world — is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something
该段谈到要从科学研究的角度看待儿童的发展，说我们追求科学的态度其实源于我们的儿童时代。由此概括出该段主旨是B项“研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学”。
out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
Q：What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The world may be more clearly explained through children's play.
B．Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.
C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.
D．One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.

[高考典例2]　2016·江苏卷·C篇

The most recent powerful Nin， in 1997­98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Nino come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute ( ODI ), however, just 12% of disaster­relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk­reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El Nin's harmful effects — and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nin， reducing their losses needs to be the priority.

Q：What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A．To introduce El Nin and its origin.
B．To explain the consequences of El Nin.
C．To show ways of fighting against El Nin.
D．To urge people to prepare for El Nin.