2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：选修7Unit3Theworldonline




(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．source n．　　　　　　　 来源，信息源；根源
2．statistics n．(pl.) 统计数字，统计数据
3．diverse adj. 多种多样的，形形色色的
4．avenue n. 途径，手段；大街
5．address vt. 探讨，解决，处理；向……说话；
称呼(某人)_
6．withdraw vi.& vt. 脱离(社会)；撤回；取(款)_
7．explicit adj. 直言的，坦率的；易懂的_
8．sample n. 样本，样品
vt. 采样；尝试；品尝
9．terminal n. 终端，终端设备；终点
　　 adj. 末端的，末梢的
10．category n. 类别，种类
11．minus n. 减号；负号；缺点
prep. 减；没有，缺乏
adj. 零度以下的；负数的
12．outline n. 提纲，概要；轮廓线，略图
13．claim vt. 宣称，断言；索取，认领
n. 声明，断言；索款，索赔
14．click n. (鼠标)点击；咔嗒声
vi.& vt. 点击；(使)发出咔嗒声
15．comb vt. 仔细搜索；梳理(头发)
n. 梳子
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．abundant adj. 大量的，充裕的
2．conference n．[纵联1] (大型的正式)会议，研讨会
3．lifetime n. 一生，终生；存在期
4．competence n. 能力，胜任；技能，本领
5．specific_adj. 具体的，明确的；特定的；独特的
6．alarm vt. 使担心，使害怕，使警觉
　n. 警报(器)；惊慌；闹钟
7．false adj. 虚假的，伪造的；错误的；人造的
8．classify vt.[纵联2] 分类，归类
9．abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃，舍弃
10．command n. 命令；控制；掌握
vt. 命令；指挥；控制
11．correspond vi. 通信；相一致，符合；相当于
12．relevant adj. 紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的
13．bother vi.& vt.[纵联3] 花费时间、精力(做某事)；打扰
14．acknowledge vt. 承认，认可；感谢
15．correction n. 改正，纠正，修正
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．accuracy n．准确性；精确度→accurate adj.准确的；精确的；精密的→accurately adv.准确无误地
2．evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价
3．weakness n．缺点，不足；弱点；虚弱，衰弱→weak adj.虚弱的，不强壮的；软弱的→weaken vi.& vt.(使)变弱
4．educator n．教育工作者，教师；教育(学)家→educate vt.教育→education n．教育
5．reference n．参考，查阅；提到，谈及；介绍信，介绍人→refer vi.提及，参考，查阅
6．inventor n．发明者，发明家→invent vt.发明，创造→invention n．发明，创造
7．appointment n．约会，预约；任命，委任→appoint vt.约定，指定，确定；任命，委任
8．type vt.打字→typewriter n．打字机→typist n．打字员
9．qualification n．资格，资历→qualify vt.使合格，取得……资格→qualified adj.有资格的
10．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设

纵联1.认识“会议”常见词
①video conference 视频会议
②conference call 电话会议
③football conference 足协联赛
④conference method 会议方法
⑤conference table 会议桌
⑥conference paper 会议论文
纵联2.“组织，安排”有条不紊
①classify 分类，归类
②arrange 安排；准备；筹划
③organize 组织；安排；规划
④sort 把……分类
纵联3.“使人烦恼”动词集锦
①bother 烦扰；使……不安
②disturb 使不安，使烦恼
③trouble 麻烦；使烦恼
④annoy 使烦恼；使恼怒
⑤irritate 激怒，使发怒
⑥upset 使心烦，使生气

单元话题——网络世界
子话题1　电脑
①desktop 台式机
②laptop 便携式电脑
③keyboard 键盘
④microphone 话筒
⑤mouse (mat) 鼠标(垫)
⑥display unit 显示装置
⑦back arrow 回车键
⑧coder 编码员，编码器
⑨command 指令，命令
⑩data processing 数据处理
⑪inline processing 内处理
子话题2　网络
①search engine 搜索引擎
②web address 网址
③home page 主页
④website 网站
⑤webpage 网页
⑥virus 病毒
⑦hacker 黑客
⑧link 链接
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·湖南高考语法填空)Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because, if you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching❶ the Internet. For all your information, you don't have to go to the library to find the relevant❷ resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies needed. Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of __❸__ (source). That is, you shouldn't always rely just on the Internet for your research.
①可用本单元单词combing替换加黑词，意为“搜寻”。
②写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：相关的，后接宾语时常与介词to连用；其名词是：relevance
③用所给词的适当形式填空：sources，意为“来源；出处”。
2．(2010·陕西高考阅读A)Well，a lot of research is being conducted in this area, but so far, the brain scanning equipment and __❶__ (correspond) computer programs haven't been able to actually read thoughts. In one experiment, test subjects (受试者) were connected to scanning equipment and shown two numbers on a screen. They were then asked to choose between adding or subtracting (减) the two numbers. Using this method, researchers were able to follow brain processes and make the correct❷ __❸__ (assume) 70 percent of the time. It's not quite mind reading, but it's certainly a first step.
①用所给词的适当形式填空：corresponding
②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：correction，意为“改正，修改，惩治”；其形容词为corrective，意为“矫正的，有改正作用的”。
③用所给词的适当形式填空：assumptions，在句中表示“假设，设想”。

高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你可以写一写有关你所在地区的美国文化方面的知识吗？(relevant)
Would_you_please_write_something_relevant_to_the_culture_in_your_part_of_the_United_States?
2．(2013·广东高考书面表达)一些志愿者声称他们已经厌倦了地球生活，想去体验火星生活。(claim)
Some_volunteers_claim_that_they_have_been_tired_of_the_life_on_the_Earth_and_they_want_to_experience_the_life_on_the_Mars.
(二)课堂重点释疑

1．command n．命令；控制；掌握 vt.命令；指挥；控制
[记牢]
(1)at sb.'s command　　　　 受某人支配；听从某人吩咐
in command of 控制
have a good command of 精通
take command of 指挥，控制
under sb.'s command 由某人指挥
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that ... 命令……
[练通]　单句语法填空
①A man may be in command of any number of facts and be brilliant at his job without necessarily being an educated person.
②Under the leader's command, they achieved a goal after a goal.
③Anything in your home that uses electricity can be put on the home network and at your command.
④Applicants will be expected to have a good command of English.
⑤The general commanded that the soldiers (should)_leave (leave) their fort and carry out more important tasks.
[用准]　command意为“命令”时，其后的名词性从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should＋) do”。
[写美]
⑥(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我精通英语，并且能用英语很流利地对话。
I_have_a_good_command_of_English,_and_I_can_speak_English_fluently.
2．correspond vi.通信；相一致，符合；相当于
[记牢]
(1)correspond with/to ...　 与……一致/相符/相类似
correspond with sb. 与某人通信
(2)correspondence n. 一致，符合；通信
in correspondence with ... 与……通信；和……一致
hold/keep up correspondence with (sb.)
与(某人)保持通信联系
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I assure you my actions will correspond with/to my words.
②Your account of the accident had little correspondence (correspond) with the story the other driver told.
③What she has just said isn't in correspondence with the views of the majority.
④So far, I have_corresponded (correspond) with a foreign friend for two years and we write to each other once a month.
单句改错
⑤I keep correspondence with my college friends, for they have helped me a lot.keep后加up
⑥Jane corresponds to her teachers, even though she is very busy.to→with
[写美]
⑦(2013·山东高考书面表达)请与我保持通信联系，并告知我你的暑假计划。
Please_keep_up_correspondence_with_me_and_tell_me_your_plan_for_the_summer_vacation.
3．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃，舍弃 n．放任；纵情
[记牢]
(1)abandon doing sth.　 　 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 无约束的；无度的；被遗弃的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Didn't you see the abandoned (abandon) house in the distance?
②They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money.
③We shouldn't be abandoned to playing (play) computer games, because it may ruin our life.
完成句子
④The father is trying his best to prevent his son from abandoning_himself_to the Internet.
这位父亲正尽最大努力阻止他的儿子沉迷于网络。
⑤The people were so excited that they jumped and shouted with_abandon.
人们非常兴奋，以至于尽情地又跳又叫。
[用准]　abandon oneself to中的to为介词，后面接名词或doing形式。
[写美]
⑥(2014·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在我的空闲时间，我将继续进行有规律的锻炼，比如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动，而不是放任自己沉迷于电脑游戏。
In_my_free_time,_I_will_continue_taking_regular_exercise,_such_as_swimming,_running_and_various_ball_games_instead_of_abandoning_myself_to_computer_games.
4．classify vt.分类，归类
[记牢]
(1)classify ... as ...　　　　　　 把……归类为……
classify ... by ... 按照……划分……
classify ... into ... 把……分为……
(2)classified adj. 分类的，类别的
classification n. 分类；类别
[练通]
单句语法填空
①He glanced his eyes down the classified (classify) advertisements while waiting for the bus.
②For the convenience of our classification (classify), any over eighteen years old counts as an adult.
单句改错
③Properties are classified as two main groups, physical and chemical properties.as→into
④Nations are classified into “aged” when they have 7 percent or more of their people aged 65 or above.into→as
完成句子
⑤Memory can be_classified_into short­term and long­term memory.
记忆可分为短期记忆和长期记忆。
⑥Would you_classify_her_novels_as serious literature or others?
你认为她的小说属于严肃文学类，还是其他类？
[写美]
⑦(2016·四川高考书面表达)我把夏天列为充满活力的季节，我觉得在夏天我有力量去做最艰难的事。
I_classify_summer_as_the_season_which_is_full_of_energy_and_I_feel_I_have_the_strength_to_do_the_most_difficult_things_in_summer.
5．relevant adj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的
[记牢]
(1)be relevant to　　　　　 和……有关
(2)relevance n. 相关性；关联
have relevance to 与……有关
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I don't think what he said is directly relevant to the matter in hand.
②The economic improvement has the highly positive relevance to the urbanization level.
③There are additional publications of special relevance (relevant) to new graduates.
完成句子
④People sometimes wonder if math has_any_relevance_to programming.
有时人们会疑惑数学和编程是否有联系。
⑤We hope relevant_countries do more for peace and stability of the region.
我们希望有关国家能够多做对地区和平稳定有利的事情。
[写美]
⑥(2018·北京高考书面表达)为了表达清楚，我慢慢地详细讲解了泡茶的相关流程。
In_order_to_deliver_a_clear_presentation,_I_slowly_explained_the_relevant_procedure_of_making_tea_in_detail.
6．bother vi.& vt.花费时间、精力(做某事)；打扰，给某人造成麻烦n.麻烦，不便
[记牢]
(1)bother to do/doing sth.　　　 费心做某事
bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother about/with sth./sb. 为某事而烦恼/
为某人而费心
It bothers sb.that ... 使某人苦恼的是……
(2)put sb. to bother 给某人添乱
[练通]
单句语法填空
①One should not be bothered about/with one's personal gains or losses.
②You don't bother to_get/getting (get) dinner for me today. I'll eat out.
单句改错
③I don't know why he bothers me this kind of rubbish.me后加with/about
④I was so uninterested in the result that I didn't even bother to looking at it.去掉to或looking→look
[写美]
⑤(2016·江苏高考书面表达)让许多人苦恼的是，他们不得不给熟人和朋友投票。
It_bothers_many_people_that_they_have_to_vote_for_their_acquaintances_and_friends.
7．acknowledge vt.承认，认可；感谢；告知(信件、礼物等)已收到
[记牢]
acknowledge sb.'s (doing) sth.　 承认某人(做了)某事
acknowledge sth./that ... 承认……
acknowledge sth./sb. to be/as ... 承认某事/某人是……
It is generally/widely/universally acknowledged that ...
……是大家公认的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①It is a truth which is universally acknowledged (acknowledge) that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
②She is acknowledged as one of the best typists in our company.
③Red and white roses are acknowledged to_be (be) the flowers of Father's Day.
完成句子
④It_is_universally_acknowledged that reading plays an important part in learning English.
人们普遍认为阅读在英语学习中占有重要地位。
⑤Wodehouse is_widely_acknowledged_as/to_be one of the finest comedy writers in English literature.
沃德豪斯被普遍认为是英国文学界最优秀的喜剧作家之一。
[写美]
⑥(2016·北京高考书面表达)人们普遍认为魏源是晚清时期的伟大思想家。
It's_universally_acknowledged_that_Wei_Yuan_is_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.

[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He didn't just command (发号施令)．He personally fought in several heavy battles.
2．Next time I'm going to talk about how these different diverse (多种多样的) documents were included in his new book.
3．When the president addresses (对……发表演讲) to the nation, he often chooses his words very carefully.
4．She still corresponds (通信) with American friends she met in Majorca nine years ago.
5．The facts proved her assumption (假设) wrong.
6．The troops are being gradually withdrawn (撤离)．
7．His nationality isn't relevant (紧密相关的) to whether he is a good lawyer.
8．Every month I spend a lot of time classifying (分类) books.
9．Peru has abundant (丰富的) plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.
10．They refused to acknowledge (承认) that they were defeated.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The written record of our conversation doesn't correspond with what was actually said.There are a lot of mistakes.
2．The plan was_abandoned (abandon) when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
3．This type of university course is no longer relevant to today's problem.
4．The classification (classify) of diseases is a bit complicated.
5．He displayed thorough competence (competent) in dealing with the issues.
6．Square the page off with your ruler, then you'll be able to copy the drawing accurately (accuracy)．
7．The parents did not seem particularly well qualified (qualification) to cope with the crying child.
8．There're several effective ways to engage students in the evaluation (evaluate) of their own learning.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．As mentioned earlier, users can be classified as four different categories: light, medium, heavy, and power.第二个as→into
2．It bothers to me that they weren't willing to accept my plan.去掉第一个to
3．He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land.built前加be
4．Actually, all of us desire to achieve success, but sometimes our actions don't correspond what we desire.correspond后加with
5．Although I have no hopes of ever skiing that way, I do dream of living with the abandon.去掉the
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The boss commanded that the young man (should)_finish_his_work in an hour.
老板命令这个年轻人一个小时内完成这项工作。
2．His designs, for the most part, correspond_with the actual needs.
他的设计在绝大多数情况下都符合实际需要。
3．We subscribed to the belief that one would be able to use English at_their_command when they had a big enough vocabulary.
我们相信，一个人掌握了足够量的词汇时，他就可以自如地使用英语了。
4．I'm very sorry to_have_bothered_you_with so many questions on such an occasion.
很抱歉在这么一个场合问了这么多问题，麻烦你了。
5．Cui Jian is_universally_acknowledged_as the pioneer of the rock­and­roll of Chinese mainland.
崔健被公认为是中国大陆摇滚乐的先驱。

(一)课前自主学习

1．turn_to　　　　　　　　　　　 向……求助；转向
2．at_sb.'s_command 受某人支配
3．what_is_more[串记1] 更有甚者，更为重要的是
4．up_to_date 最新的；现代的；时髦的
5．drop_out 退学，辍学；退出，脱离
6．comb_(through)_sth._(for) 仔细搜寻
7．a_bunch_of 一串，一束；大量，大批
8．keep_..._in_mind[串记2] 记住，牢记
9．search_for[串记3] 寻找
10．take_..._into_consideration 把……考虑在内
11．belong_to 属于
12．in_favor_of 支持，赞成；以……取代
13．stand_for 代表，象征
14．make_a_difference 有关系；有影响
15．communicate_with 与……交流
16．tend_to 往往会，趋于
[同根短语串记]
串记1.巧记高频“过渡词”
①what is more 更有甚者 ②what's worse 更糟的是
③worse still 更糟的是 ④besides 此外
⑤in addition 此外
⑥moreover/furthermore 而且
⑦to make matters worse 更糟的是
串记2.mind短语大团圆
①make up one's mind 下决心
②have in mind 考虑到，想到
③bear/keep ... in mind 记住
④change one's mind 改变主意
⑤bring sth. to mind 使想起某事
⑥come to mind 突然出现在脑海里
串记3.结识“搜索”战队
①search for 寻找
②search into 探究；调查
③in search of 寻找
④in one's search for 寻找
⑤search some place for ... 在某地寻找……

1．the second common use of ... 第二个常见的用途
2．affect people's private lives 影响人们的私人生活
3．travel long distances to work 走很长的路去上班
4．a bunch of titles of articles 许多文章的标题
5．have positive effects on 对……有积极影响
6．set a good example to sb. 给某人树立好的榜样

1．Without the Internet, these people would_have fewer avenues to meet people.
如果没有因特网，这些人与别人交往的途径就会更少。
2．Usually, people try to put correct information on the Internet, but not_every_person bothers to read over their own writing and make corrections.
通常，人们尽量把正确的信息放在因特网上，但并非每个人都会费心去阅读他们所写的内容并做修改。
3．Follow_these_tips,_and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.
遵循这些窍门儿的话，你在网上做研究所花的时间就会更加值得。

[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)
1．(2012·湖北高考阅读E)We'd stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in_favor_of (以……取代) a few more minutes of relaxation.
2．(2012·北京高考阅读C)While both men and women tend_to (往往会) focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.

高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2010·安徽高考书面表达)更重要的是，许多电视节目也可以在其他地方看到。(what is more)
What_is_more,_most_programs_on_TV_are_also_available_elsewhere.
2．(2015·北京高考书面表达)如果你对它感兴趣，就让我知道，我会给你发送更多信息。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Let_me_know_if_you're_interested_in_it_and_I'll_send_you_more_information.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．turn to向……求助；转向；翻到；查阅；开始从事
[辨清]　写出下列句中turn to的含义
①Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.转向
②There is no one to turn to, no one to tell.I feel so lonely.向……求助
③If you turn to page 40, you will find it.翻到
④After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事
[记牢]
turn away　　　　　　 转过脸去；拒绝(某人)进入
turn against 反对；背叛
turn down 调小(音量等)；拒绝
turn up 调大(音量等)；出现；到场
turn off 关掉
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是；证明是
turn over 翻转；反复考虑；移交
[练通]　完成句子
⑤I thanked him for the offer but turned_it_down.
我感谢他的好意，但拒绝了他。
⑥Hurry up, boys! I'm waiting for you to turn_in_your_homework.
快点，孩子们！我正等着你们把作业交上来。
[写美]
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)上周，我们带领外国留学生体验了中国茶文化，这证明是非常有价值的。
Last_week,_we_took_the_foreign_students_to_experience_Chinese_tea_culture,_which_turned_out_to_be_extremely_rewarding.
2．drop out退学，辍学；退出，脱离
[记牢]
drop out of ...　　 退出……
drop off 中途下客或卸货；减少，下降；打盹
drop in on sb. 顺便拜访某人
drop in at a place 顺便拜访某地
[练通]
单句改错
①When I wanted to drop out college he encouraged me to keep going and not give up.out后加of
②Could I drop in on your house after the concert, or would that be too late？on→at
完成句子
③Next time you are in Guangzhou, please drop_in_on_me.
下次来广州请一定来看我。
④If I were you, I would drop_in_at_the_department_store on my way there this afternoon.
我要是你，今天下午到那里去的路上我会顺路去趟百货商店。
⑤If the fat continues to drop_off over the next few months, it will be fantastic.
如果在随后几个月脂肪继续消失，那真的是太奇妙了。
[写美]
⑥(2016·四川高考书面表达)我们经常在寒假期间顺便去拜访亲朋好友，一起聊天，享受美食。
We_usually_drop_in_on_relatives_and_friends_during_winter_vacation,_chat_together_and_enjoy_the_delicious_food.
[句式集释]
1．without引导的含蓄条件句
[教材原句]　Without the Internet, these people would_have fewer avenues to meet people.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Without your help, the job would_have_never_been_completed in time.
要是没有您的帮忙，工作便无法按时完成了。
(2)But_for_the_rain we should have had a pleasant journey.
要不是下雨，我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
(3)My parents lent me the money.Otherwise, I couldn't_have_afforded the trip.
我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
介词短语without the Internet为含蓄条件句，相当于由if引导的非真实条件句if there were no Internet，所以句子用虚拟语气。类似的表达还有：but for, otherwise, or else等。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·北京高考满分作文)Without the Yangtze River, I may say, there would be no Jiangnan culture.(要点句)
(2)(2010·北京高考满分作文)But for the Internet, I wouldn't have managed to buy two tickets for my grandparents.(要点句)
2．祈使句＋and＋陈述句
[教材原句]　Follow these tips, and your time spent doing research on the Internet will be much more worthwhile.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Take_this_medicine,_and you will be OK in no time.
吃了这种药，你马上就会好的。
(2)Turn the heat down, or_(else)/otherwise_it'll_burn.
把炉火开小一点，不然就烧焦了。
(3)A_bit_more_effort,_I think, and you will settle the problem.
我认为，再努力点，你就会解决那个问题。
(4)More healthy food, or_(else)/otherwise_you'll_break_down sooner or later.
多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
祈使句＋and＋陈述句，表示“如果……就……”，其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句。类似的还有：
(1)“祈使句＋or (else)/otherwise＋陈述句”表示“……否则……”。
(2)在“祈使句＋并列连词＋陈述句”句型中，也可以用“名词＋并列连词＋陈述句”表示。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2015·四川高考写作佳句)Spend more time practicing Mandarin every day and you will learn it well.(要点句)
(2)(2018·北京高考满分作文)Please feel free to let me know if you have further questions, and I will answer you as soon as possible.(总结句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
have ...effects on, correspond with, drop out, communicate with, keep in mind, make a difference, up to date, a bunch of
1．The local government as well as the students' parents don't want them to drop_out.
2．The groups spoke different languages, so they used body language to communicate_with each other.
3．The reality does not always correspond_with one's expectations.
4．Today, we tell about a woman who worked to make_a_difference in people's lives, Barbara Jordan.
5．The floating garbage also can have harmful effects_on people.
6．They managed to bring all the equipment in the factory up_to_date.
7．Having setting off a_bunch_of firecrackers, we began to eat dumplings.
8．Our English teacher often says “That's what we need to keep_in_mind.” to us in class.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．You should remember it, and_what's_more,_you should get it right.
你应该记住它，更重要的是，应该正确理解它。
2．Listen_to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_can't_catch what he is saying.
上课认真听老师讲，否则你就会听不懂他所讲的。
3．But for the storm, we should_have_arrived_earlier.
要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。
4．While in trouble, you can turn_to_her_for_help.
遇到麻烦的时候你可以向她求助。
5．The Smiths dropped_in_on_some_old_friends on their vacation trip to New York.
史密斯一家去纽约度假时顺道拜访了一些老朋友。
Ⅲ.分步写作
近年来，越来越多的中国学生选择出国留学。这些留学生在国外的表现如何？哪些方面对他们来说是最难适应的？某大学做了一项调查，结果如图所示。请你根据下图，向某报社投稿，描述这一现象并发表自己的看法。
注意：词数100左右；文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：社会文化适应 social acculturation　人际沟通 interpersonal communication

　　An increasing number of students are choosing to go abroad to study every year. But, so thrilling an experience as it is, adjusting to the culture of a foreign country can also be a challenge, which may influence their academic performance.
　第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文属于图表作文，时态为一般现在时，人称为第三人称。本文写作要点表达可以从下面三部分着手：一、点出调查内容；二、描述图表信息；三、针对图表反映的问题，提出建议。描述图表信息时要力求准确、全面，不要只抓住一方面进行阐述。
要点1：某大学做了一项调查，研究在社会文化适应的不同方面的挑战。(survey, present)
A_university_has_done_a_survey_on_the_challenges_presented_by_different_aspects_of_social_acculturation.
要点2－①：大多数中国留学生适应日常生活没困难。(have trouble doing sth., adjust to)
Most_Chinese_overseas_students_have_little_trouble_adjusting_to_daily_routines.
要点2－②：他们在适应学业和理解价值观方面做得不错。(do well in, adapt oneself to)
They_do_well_in_adapting_themselves_to_academic_study_and_understanding_the_values.
要点2－③：在适应新的文化时语言并不是主要障碍。(major obstacle)
Language_isn't_a_major_obstacle_to_adapting_to_a_new_culture.
要点2－④：他们大多数认为人际沟通是个大问题。(find)
Most_of_them_find_interpersonal_communication_a_big_problem.
要点3：留学生要多参加社区服务和活动。(take part in)
Overseas_students_should_take_part_in_more_community_services_and_activities.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为使文章立意更鲜明，表达更高级，可适当增加细节，并运用多种句式。例如：要点2－④可用定语从句强调其在调查中得分最低；另外，可加一个总结句对要点2的各项论述进行概括，得出结论。要点3可点出建议的目的。
拓展2－④：他们大多数认为人际沟通是个大问题，得分最低。(the＋n.＋of which)
Most_of_them_find_interpersonal_communication_a_big_problem,_the_score_of_which_is_the_lowest.
要点2总结句：对于中国留学生来说最大的挑战是与当地的社交圈子融洽相处。(动词不定式作表语， fit into)
The_biggest_challenge_for_Chinese_overseas_students_is_to_fit_into_local_social_circles.
拓展3：建议留学生多参加社区服务和活动，这样会有助于他们快速习惯国外的生活。(It's suggested that, 现在分词短语作状语， get used to)
It_is_suggested_that_overseas_students_take_part_in_more_community_services_and_activities,_helping_them_get_used_to_the_life_in_a_foreign_country_more_quickly.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本写作为图表类作文，可加入此类作文的常用句式：the results are shown in the chart above, as can be seen clearly, this can easily lead us to the conclusion及衔接词besides, also, but, and, thus等将以上要点连接成篇。
An_increasing_number_of_students_are_choosing_to_go_abroad_to_study_every_year._But,_so_thrilling_an_experience_as_it_is,_adjusting_to_the_culture_of_a_foreign_country_can_also_be_a_challenge,_which_may_influence_their_academic_performance._A_university_has_done_a_survey_on_the_challenges_presented_by_different_aspects_of_social_acculturation,_and_the_results_are_shown_in_the_chart_above.
As_can_be_seen_clearly,_most_Chinese_overseas_students_have_little_trouble_adjusting_to_daily_routines._Besides,_they_also_do_well_in_adapting_themselves_to_academic_study_and_understanding_the_values._Language_isn't_a_major_obstacle_to_adapting_to_a_new_culture._But_most_of_them_find_interpersonal_communication_a_big_problem,_the_score_of_which_is_the_lowest._And_this_can_easily_lead_us_to_the_conclusion:_the_biggest_challenge_for_Chinese_overseas_students_is_to_fit_into_local_social_circles.
It_is_suggested_that_overseas_students_take_part_in_more_community_services_and_activities,_thus_helping_them_get_used_to_the_life_in_a_foreign_country_more_quickly.


掌握阅读技能之(一)　跳读
对于说明文和议论文类阅读理解，要想在有限的时间内逐字逐句的读完文章，理清文章内容，这个难度是相当大的，如何在考场上利用有限的时间高质量地完成规定的阅读任务，跳读(跳过无关信息)就成为考生的第一选择。
一、陌生词汇“跳过去”
在阅读时，并不是所有的生词都是命题点。在阅读中，当遇到一个生词时，不妨先问自己一个问题：这些生词有没有进行精确猜测的必要。高考试题中经常会出现没必要去精确猜测的生词，不知道它的精确含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。对这类词，不要过多纠缠，尽管放心大胆地“跳过去”。

[高考典例]　2018·江苏卷·D篇

The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员)Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school illequipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photoopportunities and then messaging friends — and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
二、“专有名词”不纠缠
专有名词包括人名、地名、机构组织的名称等，通常首字母大写，比较容易发现。在理解句意时，可只注意其核心词或干脆跳过。
[高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box­set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e­readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living­room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
三、长难句子看主干
长难句是阅读理解中的拦路虎，跳过“旁枝侧叶”(各种修饰成分)，抓住主干(主句或句子的主语、谓语和宾语)是解决此类问题的最佳方法。
[高考典例]　2014·全国卷Ⅱ·A篇
[1]Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
[2]During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.
[3]He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.
[4]Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can (垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath.
第三段是一个复杂的长难句，在理解上有一定的难度，抽取句子主干He reported the case to the police and then sat there后便能顺畅理解全文内容；且跳过的“旁枝侧叶”不会对做题产生任何影响。