2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：选修7Unit4Publictransport



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．rail n．　　　　　　　　 铁路；栏杆，扶手；横杆
2．outer adj. 远离中心的，外围的；外表的，表层的
3．metropolitan adj. 大城市的，大都会的
4．tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道
5．section n. 部分；部件；部门
6．ownership n．[纵联1] 所有权，产权
7．architect n. 建筑师
8．prime adj. 首要的，主要的_
n. 盛年；鼎盛时期
9．minister n. 部长，大臣；牧师
10．user­friendly adj. 方便用户的，便于使用的_
11．platform n. 站台，月台；平台；讲台，舞台_
12．handful n. 少量的人或物；一把(的量)
13．choke vi.& vt. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽；塞满，堵塞
n. 哽咽声，呛住的声音
14．interval n．[纵联2] 间隔，间隙
15．pedestrian n. 行人，步行者
　　　　adj. 行人(使用)的
16．crash n．& vi.& vt.[纵联3]　 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃
17．brake n. 刹车，车闸
vt. 用车闸减速刹车
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．detail n. 具体情况，详情，细节
2．authority n. 权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权
3．enlarge vt.& vi. 扩大，扩展，增大
4．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
5．split vi.& vt. 分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破
6．annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的
7．departure n. 离开，出发；背离，违反
8．timetable n. 时间表，时刻表
9．drunk adj. 喝醉的
n. 醉汉，酒鬼
10．convey vt. 运送，输送；表达
11．postpone vt. 延迟，延期
12．undertake vt.& vi. 承担，从事；承诺，答应
13．arise vi. 出现，产生
14．reservation n. 预订；预约；保留意见
15．load n. 负荷，负载；大量，许多
　 　　vt. 装载，装上，装入
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．cyclist n．骑自行车的人→cycle v．骑自行车
2．unfortunately adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．幸运，财富
3．unbelievable adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→believable adj.可信的→believe v．相信
4．growth n．增加，增长；成长，生长→grow v．长大，生长
5．enquiry n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究→enquire v．询问，打听
6．receptionist n．接待员→reception n．接待处→receive vt.接待，招待
7．punctual adj.准时的，守时的→punctually adv.准时地，守时地→punctuality n．准时，守时
8．aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的→aggression n．好斗情绪，攻击性→aggressor n．侵略者，挑衅者
9．violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯→violation n．违反
10．crossing n．人行横道；十字路口，交叉点；穿越→cross vt.穿过


纵联1.发现以“­ship”结尾的名词
①membership 会员资格；会员身份
②relationship 关系；联系
③friendship 友情，友谊
④hardship 艰难；困苦
⑤ownership 所有权
纵联2.探究“时间”高频词
①interval n. 间歇
②break n. 间歇
③moment n. 片刻
④while n. (一段)时间
⑤instant n．& adj. 时刻；即刻的
⑥permanent adj. 永久的
⑦temporary adj. 暂时的
⑧punctual adj. 守时的
纵联3.“冲突，碰撞”表达种种
①knock 敲击
②collision 撞击，碰撞
③impact 碰撞，冲撞
④dash 猛撞
⑤crash 撞车；碰撞
⑥clash 冲突
⑦run into 撞在……上

单元话题——公共交通
子话题1　交通工具类别
①bus/minibus　　　　　 　　　 公共汽车/小型公共汽车
②coach 长途客运汽车
③maglev train 磁悬浮列车
④underground/subway/metro 地铁
⑤light railway 轻轨铁路
⑥high­speed train 高速列车
⑦taxi 出租车
⑧motorbike 摩托车
⑨bicycle 自行车
⑩car 轿车
⑪lorry 运货汽车，卡车
⑫aeroplane 飞机
⑬helicopter 直升机
⑭ship 轮船
⑮ferry 轮渡
⑯motorboat 摩托艇
⑰automobile 汽车
⑱vehicle 交通工具，车辆
子话题2　交通出行时的现象
①traffic jam 交通堵塞
②traffic lights 交通信号灯
③pavement 人行道
④violate the law 违反法律
⑤traffic accident 交通事故
⑥pay a fine 支付罚款
⑦restrict speed 限速
⑧run a red light 闯红灯
⑨drunk/drunken driving 酒驾
⑩obey/observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2012·广东高考阅读C)I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known.I refused❶ to use a white stick and hated asking for help.After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn't bear people to look at me and think I was not like them.I must have been a terrible danger on the roads.Coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their __❷__ (brake)．Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur❸ on the way to and from work.
①写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：undertake，短语undertake_to_do_sth.意为“同意或答应做某事”。
②用所给词的适当形式填空：brakes，意为“刹车”。
③用本单元单词替换加黑词汇：arise，意为“出现”，其过去式为arose，过去分词为arisen。
2．(2012·广东高考完形)Rules can help the public make the right choices, and remain safe.Car drivers have to obey❶ traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes❷.__❸__ (cycle) who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent accidents.
①写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：violate，意为“违反，违背”。
②选择加黑词在句中的意思：__B__
A．暴跌　　 B．碰撞　　　C．使发出巨响
③用所给词的适当形式填空：Cyclists

高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2016·浙江高考书面表达)比赛前的一个月，我曾花了两个小时的时间制定出了我练习步骤的一个时间表。(timetable)
A_month_before_the_contest,_I_spent_two_hours_working_out_a_timetable_of_my_practical_steps.
2．(2011·江苏高考书面表达)学生的负担多年来一直是一个热门话题，但家长的负担却很少受到关注，尤其是来自他们自己孩子的关注。(load)
The_burden_of_students_has_been_a_hot_topic_for_years,_but_the_load_of_parents_has_received_little_attention,_especially_from_their_own_children.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．convey vt.运送，输送；表达，传达
[记牢]
convey one's feelings/meanings/appreciation/affection/emotions　　　
表达某人的感情/意思/感谢/喜爱/情感
convey sth. to sb.　　 向某人表达/传递某物
convey sb./sth. from A to B
把某人或某物从A地运送到B地
[练通]　完成句子
①We conveyed_our_goods_from_here_to_market in an old truck.
我们用一辆旧卡车把货物从这里运送到市场。
②At that moment words couldn't convey_my_emotions.
在那一刻，语言无法表达我的情感。
③I wish to take this opportunity to ask you to convey_my_best_regards_to_your_mother.
我希望借此机会向你妈妈致以我最美好的祝愿。
[写美]
④(2011·大纲卷全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我想表达的意思是：我在记笔记方面有一些困难并且我不知道如何使用图书馆。
What_I_want_to_convey_is_that_I_have_some_difficulties_with_note­taking_and_I_don't_know_how_to_use_the_library.
2. postpone vt.延迟，延期
[记牢]
(1)postpone sth.(to/until ...)　　 推迟某事(到……)
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
(2)postponement n. 延迟，延期
[练通]
单句语法填空
①The only practicable alternative is to postpone holding (hold) the meeting.
②He decided to postpone the expedition until/to the following day.
③The postponement (postpone) was due to a dispute over where the talks should be held.
完成句子
④I shall postpone_making_a_decision till/until I learn full details.
在未获悉详情之前我将从缓作出决定。
⑤The commander decided to postpone_the_big_push_to/until_the_spring.
指挥官决定把大规模的进攻推迟到春天进行。
[写美]
⑥(2012·湖北高考书面表达)每当我遇到困难，我从不拖延解决它们。
Whenever_I_met_with_difficulties,_I_never_postponed_solving_them.
3. undertake vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应
[记牢]
undertake to do sth.　　　　　 答应/同意做某事
undertake responsibility/a task/a project
承担责任/任务/工程
undertake that ... 保证/承诺……
[练通]　完成句子
①We_cannot_undertake_that we shall finish the task in time.
我们无法保证按时完成这项任务。
②She is glad to undertake_to_sweep_the_rooms and set them in order.
她愿意负责把房间打扫干净，整理得有条不紊。
③They are willing to undertake_the_responsibility for the changes.
他们愿意承担这些变革的责任。
[写美]
④(2009·陕西高考书面表达)其次，你应该承诺做好自己的事情，向你的妈妈证明你已经是一个“成年人”。
Second,_you_should_undertake_to_do_your_own_things_well,_proving_to_your_mom_that_you_are_already_a_“grown­up”．
4. reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见
[记牢]
(1)without reservation　　　 无保留地，无条件地
make a reservation 预订(房间、票)；预约
(2)reserve n. 储备，储存；自然保护区
v. 储备，保留，预约
reserve sth. for sb./sth. 为某人/某物预约/保留某物
be reserved for 留作，(专)供……之用
a wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Customers are advised to make seat reservations (reserve) in advance.
②We've reserved a single room for you at the garden hotel.
单句改错
③So if you are going to visit a friend, it is necessary to make reservation.reservation前加a
④Outside a hospital in Belgrade, usually two parking spots reserved for parents with babies.reserved前加are
完成句子
⑤I support this measure, but it doesn't mean that I support you without_reservation.
我支持这项措施，但这并不意味着我会无条件地支持你。
⑥I think I'd better call them to make_a_reservation for tonight.
我想我最好给他们打电话为今天晚上作个预约。
⑦Are you for building highways in_a_wildlife_reserve?
你赞成在野生动物保护区修公路吗？
[用准]　形似词preserve vt.意为“保护，保存；维护”。
[写美]
⑧(2013·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你能到机场接我叔叔并把他带到预订好的宾馆吗？
Would_you_please_meet_my_uncle_at_the_airport_and_take_him_to_the_reserved_hotel?
5. arise vi.出现，产生；(由……)引起；起身；起床
[辨清]　写出下列句中arise的含义
①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.起身
②New problems will arise one after another in the future.出现
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.起床
④The problem arose from lack of experience.由……引起
[记牢]
arise from ＝ arise out of　　　　 由……引起/产生
if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要时
[练通]　完成句子
⑤Science arose_from/out_of the practical necessity of dealing with everyday problems.
科学产生于人们处理日常问题的实际需要。
⑥Children should be disciplined when/if_the_need_arises.
必要时孩子们应受到管教。
[用准]　arise为不及物动词，表示“出现，发生”时，主语一般为argument，difficulty, misunderstanding, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名词。
[写美]
⑦(2009·陕西高考书面表达)你面临的问题不断出现，在我们青少年中很普遍。
The_problem_you_are_facing_keeps_arising_and_it_is_common_among_us_teenagers.
6. load n．[C]负荷，负载；大量，许多vt.装载，装上，装入
[记牢]
(1)a load of ＝ loads of　　　　　 大量，许多
take a load off one's mind 打消某人的顾虑
(2)load ...with ... 用……装载……
load ... into/onto ... 把……装到……上去
load off one's mind 去除某人的精神负担
[练通]
单句语法填空
①They loaded themselves with food, medical supplies, and oxygen equipment.
②The good news has taken a load off my mind.
单句改错
③Once goods are loaded with trucks, everything slows down.with→into/onto
④Loading with 35 tons of equipment and materials, a Red Cross plane has landed in Burma safely.Loading→Loaded
完成句子
⑤Uncle Jim brought a_load_of/loads_of_presents for the kids.
吉姆大叔给孩子们带来了许多礼物。
⑥Knowing he was safe loaded_off_my_mind.
得知他平安以后，我如释重负。
[写美]
⑦(2012·辽宁高考书面表达)作为一名学生读者，我写信的目的是想谈谈你们出版社出版的英语教材，它有很多优点。
As_a_student_reader,_I'm_writing_to_talk_about_the_English_textbooks_published_by_your_publisher,_which_have_a_load_of_advantages.
[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After the terrible earthquake, the government conveyed (运送) people to safer places.
2．I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen (出现)．
3．Once you have undertaken (承诺) it, you should do it.
4．Do you mind if I postpone (推迟) that appointment until next week?
5．The truck was carrying a load (大量) of sand.
6．The enlarged (扩大的) school campus is three times as big as the old one.
7．The performance runs two hours thirty minutes including an interval (间隔)．
8．Would you please make my reservation (预订) to Chicago for tomorrow?
9．World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April, which marks the anniversary (周年纪念日) of WHO.
10．These designs demonstrate her unerring (准确无误的) eyes for colour and detail (细节)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Unfortunately(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this year's show has been cancelled.
2．Cyclists (cycle) are advised to wear helmets to reduce the risk of head injury.
3．I just want you to answer the question in a concrete and believable (unbelievable) phrase.
4．We've seen an enormous growth (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.
5．A major enquiry (enquire) is underway after the death of a union official.
6．Thank you for your warning. I'll hand in the paper punctually (punctual) tomorrow.
7．A large reception (receptionist) was held in honor of the brave explorers.
8．The research shows that computer games may cause aggression (aggressive)．
9．I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.
10．You must give way to any pedestrians on the crossing (cross)．
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leave.leave→leaving
2．I have taught some foreigners Mandarin for two years, which can help to take a load from your mind. from→off
3．The manager undertook to improving the working arrangements in six months. improving→improve
4．—It's getting dark.I must be off now.
—OK, please take care and convey my best wishes with your family.with→to
5．These changes arose differences in climate and nature.arose后加from
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The country's present difficulties arise_from/out_of the shortage of petroleum.
这个国家当前的困境是由石油短缺而造成的。
2．They undertook_to_finish_the_task by Monday.
他们答应在星期一之前完成任务。
3．I'd like to make_a_reservation of the ticket flying to London for July 5.
我想预订7月5日飞往伦敦的机票。
4．How long will it take to load_the_coal_onto_the_truck?
装一卡车煤需要多少时间？
5．I find it hard to convey_my_feelings in words at the moment.
我发现此刻难以用言语表达我的感情。

(一)课前自主学习

1．drop_off　　　　　　　　　 中途下客或卸货
2．link_up 联合，连接
3．put_through 给某人接通(电话)
4．decide_on/upon 决定，选定
5．put_off 推迟，推延；使反感
6．turn_up[串记1] 出现，到来；调高(音量等)
7．fill_in[串记2] 填写(表格)；消磨(时间)
8．split_up[串记3] 分组，分解；分离
9．speed_up (使)加速
10．arise_from 起因于，由……引起
11．at_(...)_intervals 每隔……距离或时间
12．a_handful_of 少数的，少量的
13．result_in 造成
14．in_connection_with 与……有联系
15．in_need_of 需要
16．watch_out_for 小心
17．be_aimed_at 旨在，目的是
18．look_both_ways 左顾右盼
19．step_into 步入，走进

[同根短语串记]
串记1.神“出”鬼“没”家族
①show up 露面，出现
②come up 出现；发生
③turn up 出现；发生
④appear vi. 出现；显得；登场
⑤disappear vi. 消失；失踪
⑥die out 灭绝；消失
串记2.“v.＋in”常用短语
①take in 理解；欺骗
②turn in 移交
③break in 闯入
④give in 屈服，让步
⑤result in 导致
⑥bring in 引进
串记3.“v.＋up”短语联想
①split up 分组，分解；分离
②set up 建立
③end up 结束
④pay up 付清
⑤cut up 切碎
⑥link up 联合，连接

1．keep ...in good condition 使……处于良好的状态
2．accelerate the pace of 加快……的步伐
3．under the authority of 在……掌控之下
4．in the air 在空中；未决定的
5．under repair 在修理中
6．make the assumption 假定；臆断

1．So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
2．Below_are_some_of_the_major_causes_of_road_accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars, minibuses and lorries, and what drivers should do to prevent them.
以下是机动车如小汽车、小型巴士和货车引起道路交通事故的一些主要原因，以及司机为防止事故应采取的措施。
3．It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
靠注意道路安全来确保避免事故，这就取决于我们大家，即道路使用者。
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式
1．(2016·浙江高考完形)What brought about (resulted_in) this astonishing change in me? The desert hadn't changed, but I had.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)
2．(2011·四川高考阅读E)What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed_up (加速)” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three­year period.(完成句子)
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)沿途全是大树，如果累了我们可以乘凉。(全部倒装)
Along_the_road_are_tall_trees,_we_can_relax_in_a_cool_place_if_we're_tired.
2．(2013·陕西高考书面表达)我突然想到一个主意：为什么不彻底打扫一下房间呢？(why not＋动词原形)
I_suddenly_got_an_idea:_why_not_give_the_rooms_a_thorough_cleaning?
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．link up联合，连接；使结合；使连接
[记牢]
link up with　　　　　 与……联合/汇合/碰头
link ... with/to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
be linked to/with 与……有关
[练通]　完成句子
①A new road would be needed to link_up_with the main road.
需要修一条新路与主干道路相连。
②The local government plans to build a railway to link_up the two islands.
当地政府计划建一条铁路把这两个岛屿连起来。
③Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has been_linked_with/to an increased risk of heart disease.
肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式被认为会增加患心脏病的几率。
[写美]
④(2011·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我可以了解所有与这周相关的重要事情。
I_can_learn_all_important_things_that_are_linked_with_the_week.
2．put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历；使成功；使通过；完成
[辨清]　写出下列句中put through的含义
①I'm looking for a part­time job to help put me through school.完成
②Both the boys were put through the pains they had never experienced before.使经历
③They put all the students through the important exams.使通过
④Can you put me through to the president office of the institute？给某人接通(电话)
[记牢]
break through　　　　　 突破；突围
cut through 抄近路穿过；克服；穿透
get through 通过；接通电话；使(某人)理解
go through 通过；经历；仔细查看；查阅
look through 仔细检查；浏览
see through 看穿，识破；看透
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
⑤She decides to work hard and break_through all the difficulties in English.
⑥You'd better look_through your notes before the midterm examination.
⑦He tried to trick us, but we saw_through his game.
⑧We must go_through the account books together; there's still some money missing.
⑨If you dial the wrong area code, you will not get_through.
[写美]
⑩(2010·湖北高考书面表达)微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
A_smile_can_help_us_get_through_difficult_situations_and_find_friends_in_a_world_of_strangers.
3．speed up (使)加速
[记牢]
at high/low/full/top speed　　　　 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of ... 以……速度
with great/all speed 以很快的速度/全速
[练通]　完成句子
①A car passed him at_top_speed,_sounding its horn.
那辆车鸣着喇叭，高速从他身边驶过。
②Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed_up to reach our destinations.
显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。
③The plane is flying at_a_speed_of 200 miles an hour.
飞机正以每小时二百英里的速度飞行。
④Our car was running with_all_speed on the expressway.
我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。
[用准]　speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式，分别是：speeded, speeded 或sped, sped；speed up的反义短语为slow down“放慢速度”。
[写美]
⑤(2017·浙江高考书面表达)Mac跳下自行车，以最快的速度向汽车后门冲去。
Mac_jumped_off_his_bicycle_and_dashed_for_the_back_door_of_the_car_at_full_speed.

[句式集释]
1．why not＋动词原形
[教材原句]　So, why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
[悟拓展例句]
(1)What you need is a change of surroundings. Why_not_go/Why_don't_you_go_on a cruise?
你需要换换环境。为什么不乘船去旅行呢？
(2)—May I go with you?
—Why_not?
——我可以和你一起去吗？
——可以呀。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)why not后跟不带to的动词不定式，用来提出建议，表示“为什么不做……呢，做……如何”相当于Why don't you do ...?
(2)why not可单独使用，表示同意，意为“当然可以，好啊，干嘛不”。
注意事项
表示“建议”的常见句型还有：
Let's do ...　　　　　　　　让我们做……
Shall we do ...? 让我们做……，好吗？
Would you like to do ...? 你想(愿意)做……吗？
Will you please do ...? 请你做……，好吗？
What/How about doing ...? 做……怎么样？
I suggest that sb.(should) do ... 我建议某人做……
You'd better (not) do ... 你最好(不)做……

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2017·北京高考书面表达)I suggest you choose the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese nation.(开头句)
(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)To learn Tang poetry well, you'd better get some information about Tang Dynasty before class.(要点句)
2．It is up to sb.to do sth.
[教材原句]　It is up to all of us road users to make sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Life provides you with time and space. It's_up_to_you_to_fill_it.
生命给予你时间与空间，如何填满它是你自己的事。
(2)Call in, or ring us up. It's_up_to_you.
你可以亲自来访，也可以打电话。由你定。
[析用法规则]
用法
归纳
It is up to sb.to do sth.为固定句式，多出现在口语中，意为“由某人决定做某事；做某事是某人的职责”。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2010·北京高考满分作文)It was up to me to search the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.(开头句)
(2)(2017·北京高考满分作文)These are my suggestions but it is up to you to decide which route to choose.(总结句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
result in, arise from, accelerate the pace of, be aimed at, link up, speed up, split up, put off
1．Drunk driving and speeding resulted_in his being arrested.
2．Criticism should be_aimed_at helping those criticized.
3．I called to tell you that if it should rain tomorrow, we would put_off_the sports meeting.
4．He told me that the serious accident arose_from the driver's false operation.
5．The newly­built expressway links_up the two big cities, making the communication between the cities more frequent than ever.
6．They decided to accelerate_the_pace_of construction so as to finish building the gymnasium earlier.
7．They are broadening the bridge to speed_up the flow of traffic.
8．Research suggests that children whose parents split_up are more likely to drop out of high school.
Ⅱ.完成句子/一句多译
1．丝绸之路是一条具有历史意义的国际通道，它使古老的中国文化与印度文化、希腊文化、罗马文化连接起来。
The Silk Road was an international passage with historical significance, which linked_up_ancient_Chinese_culture_with that of India, Greece and Rome.
2．应该由你来决定是否实施这一计划。
It's_up_to_you_to_decide whether to carry out this plan or not.
3．我的工作和以前的研究相联系。
①My work is_linked_with/to previous research. (link)
②My work is_related_to previous research. (relate)
③My work has_something_to_do_with previous research.(have something to do with)
4．为什么不再给他一次机会呢？毕竟，每个人都会犯错。
①Why_not_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.(why not)
②Why_don't_you_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes.(why don't you)
Ⅲ.分步写作
假如你叫李华，你从网络上了解到最近交通事故频频发生，造成事故的主要原因为酒后驾驶。请你写一篇短文，发帖到网上，奉劝司机朋友要珍爱生命，切莫酒后驾车。词数100左右。
参考词汇：drunk driving 酒后驾车
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是一篇网络帖子，倡议不要酒后驾车。时态为一般现在时与一般过去时，人称为第三人称。文章应分三个层次：开头应写出发帖的原因(了解到交通事故频发)，然后说明这一现象的原因与危害，最后提出自己的倡议。
要点1：我从网上了解到交通事故频频发生。(learn from, traffic accident)
I_have_learned_from_the_Internet_that_traffic_accidents_happened_frequently.
要点2－①：很多司机认为自己能够避开事故。(avoid)
Many_drivers_think_they_can_avoid_accidents.
要点2－②：酒后驾驶会威胁到司机和其他人的生命。(threaten)
Drunk_driving_will_threaten_the_lives_of_the_drivers_and_other_people.
要点2－③：酒后驾驶让家人担心。(suffer from)
It_will_make_their_family_suffer_from_anxiety.
要点2－④：酒后驾驶是违法的。(be against)
Drunk_driving_is_against_the_law.
要点2－⑤：越来越多的人因此而受到惩罚。(punish)
More_and_more_people_are_punished_for_it.
要点3：请不要酒后驾驶。(after drinking)
Please_don't_drive_after_drinking.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
为了提升作文档次，可从以下几点对要点进行适当的补充。例如：要点1，可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句来说明交通事故频发的原因；要点2－①增加细节指出酒后驾驶的代价；要点2－②用not only ...but also来说明酒后驾驶的后果；要点3着重强调为了家人和所有人的安全，请不要酒后驾驶。
拓展1：我从网上了解到交通事故频频发生，主要是由酒后驾驶造成的。(which引导的非限制性定语从句， result from)
I_have_learned_from_the_Internet_that_traffic_accidents_happened_frequently,_which_mainly_resulted_from_drunk_driving.
拓展2－①：很多司机认为他们能有幸避开事故，但没有人能承担得起酒后冒着生命危险去驾车的后果。(afford to do)
Many_drivers_think_they_have_the_luck_to_avoid_accidents_but_no_one_can_afford_to_risk_their_lives_to_drive_after_drinking.
拓展2－②：酒后驾驶不仅会威胁到司机和其他人的生命，也会让他们的家人担惊受怕。(not only ...but also，过去分词作定语)
Drunk_driving_will_not_only_threaten_the_lives_of_the_drivers_as_well_as_other_people,_but_also_make_their_family_suffer_from_anxiety_caused_by_it.
拓展3：为了所有人的安全及家人的幸福，请不要酒后驾驶。(for the sake of)
For_the_sake_of_the_safety_of_all_people_and_the_happiness_of_your_family,_please_don't_drive_after_drinking.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文整体采用“总—分—总”结构。根据语篇表达中的因果、并列、递进等关系，可添加连接词recently, as a matter of fact, in addition, and, in a word等将各要点衔接成篇。
Recently_I_have_learned_from_the_Internet_that_traffic_accidents_happened_frequently,_which_mainly_resulted_from_drunk_driving.
Many_drivers_think_they_have_the_luck_to_avoid_accidents.As_a_matter_of_fact,_no_one_can_afford_to_risk_their_lives_to_drive_after_drinking.Drunk_driving_will_not_only_threaten_the_lives_of_the_drivers_as_well_as_other_people,_but_also_make_their_family_suffer_from_anxiety_caused_by_it.In_addition,_drunk_driving_is_against_the_law_and_more_and_more_people_are_punished_for_it.
In_a_word,_for_the_sake_of_the_safety_of_all_people_and_the_happiness_of_your_family,_please_don't_drive_after_drinking.

掌握阅读技能之(二)　略读
略读是阅读理解常用的技巧之一，在快速浏览的过程中要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，如时间、地点、人物词，显示故事发展的连词、过渡词，表示人物情感的形容词、副词，代表故事情节的关键词等，边读边将这些词圈划下来，以便于形成思路。切忌在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢，准确率低。
下面，我们不妨先用一两分钟看看下面这篇没有选项的文章，看看是怎样从略读中获取有效的信息。


通过以上略读，划出关键词，我们就基本上掌握了本文的大意：作者与妻子约定七点在餐馆就餐，但是作者的迟到以及解释让彼此产生了误解。作者向朋友描述了这种情况后，朋友指出了问题所在，于是作者开始理解妻子。