2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：选修6Unit1Laughterisgoodforyou
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(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．comedy n．[纵联1] 喜剧
2．visual adj. 视觉的
3．mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼，忧伤
4．initial adj. 最初的，初始的
n. (人名的)首字母
5．alongside prep.& adv. 在……旁边；与……一起
6．cosy adj. 暖和舒适的，惬意的
7．tease vt. 取笑；揶揄；戏弄
8．polish vt. 提高；修改；润色
9．dash vi. 急奔，急驰，猛冲
n. 急奔，猛冲；匆忙，仓促
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．burst vi. 猛冲；突然出现；爆裂
2．guarantee vt.& n. 保证；担保
3．behave vi.& vt. 表现
4．attain vt.[纵联2] (通常经过努力)获得；得到；达到
5．glare vi. 怒目而视；发出炫目的光
6．previous adj. 先前的，以往的
7．positive adj.[纵联3] 积极的；正面的；肯定的
8．tear vt. 撕，扯
9．invitation n. 邀请
10．crowded adj. 拥挤的
11．stage n. 舞台；阶段，时期
12．affection n. 喜爱，钟爱
13．style n. 风格；方式；样式
14．trip vi.& vt. 绊，(使)绊倒
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．variety n．(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式→various adj.各种各样的；多方面的→vary v．变化；改变
2．perform vt.& vi.演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转→performance n．表演，演出；表现，业绩→performer n．表演者；演员
3．fitness n．健壮，健康；适合→fit adj.健康的；合适的v.适合
4．technical adj.技术的；技能的→technically adv.技巧上地，与技术有关地→technician n．技师，技术人员→technique n．技术，技巧；技能→technology n．技术；科技
5．amuse vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐→amusement n．消遣，娱乐，乐趣→amusing adj.有趣的；引人发笑的→amused adj.愉快的；被逗乐的
6．strengthen vt.& vi.增强；巩固→strength n．力量，力气→strong adj.坚强的，强壮的
7．participate vi.参加，参与→participation n．参加，参与→participant n．参加者，参与者
8．instruct vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知→instruction n．教授；指示，命令；说明→instructive adj.有教育意义的；有启发性的→instructor n．教练，导师
9．anger n．怒，怒火，怒气→angry adj.发怒的，生气的→angrily adv.生气地，气愤地
10．foolishness n．愚蠢→foolish adj.愚蠢的→fool n．傻子 vt.愚弄
纵联1.多样的“剧”
①drama戏剧 ②standup单口喜剧
③sketch小品 ④mime哑剧
⑤comedy喜剧 ⑥tragedy悲剧
纵联2.“达到，实现，获得”家族
①attain ②achieve
③obtain ④get
⑤realize ⑥reach
⑦gain ⑧acquire
⑨fulfill
纵联3.“观点、态度”类形容词
①positive积极的 ②negative消极的
③active主动的 ④passive被动的
⑤subjective主观的 ⑥objective客观的
⑦neutral中立的 ⑧critical批评的
⑨doubtful怀疑的
单元话题——喜剧艺术
子话题1 相关术语
①character n．人物 ②dialogue n．对白
③cast n．全体演员 ④lines n．台词
⑤playwright n．编剧，剧作家 ⑥director n．导演
⑦scene n．场景 ⑧script n．剧本
子话题2 评价和感受
①uniquely adv.独特地 ②abstract adj.抽象的
③artistic adj.艺术的 ④extraordinary adj.非凡的
⑤vivid adj.生动的 ⑥excellent adj.极好的
⑦magnificent adj.壮观的 ⑧splendid adj.辉煌的
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读A)Winter__Market 8th November
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety❶ of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show❷ and nice street entertainment❸.
①写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：多种样式，短语a variety of意为“各种各样的”，其同义形容词为various。
②可用本单元的单词performance替换加黑单词，意为“表演”，可构成短语put_on_a_performance表示“演出”。
③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：amusement，短语amuse_oneself意为“自娱自乐”。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do❶ comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh❷. Simon is a __❸__ (comedy) and actor who has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
①可用本单元单词perform升级加黑词汇，在此处意为“表演”。
②用本单元词汇改写加黑部分：amusing_people
③用所给词的适当形式填空：comedian
高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)欢迎任何对这项活动感兴趣的学生参加。(participate)
Any_student_who_is_interested_in_this_activity_is_welcome_to_participate.
2. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)在那之后，我们将唱他们最喜爱的歌曲，并且表演民间舞蹈。(perform)
After_that,_we'll_sing_their_favourite_songs_and_perform_folk_dances.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．variety n．[C]品种，(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式； [U]变化，多样化
[记牢]
(1)a variety of ＝ varieties of 种种，各种各样的， 各种不同的
the variety of ……的品种
(2)various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt.& vi. 改变；变更；变化；不同
vary with ... 随着……而变化
vary in 在……方面不同/有差异
vary from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等
[练通]
单句语法填空
①As we can see, the prices of vegetables vary with the season.
②(2015·浙江高考书面表达)We may have various (vary) ways to deal with such a situation.
③(2015·安徽高考)If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety (vary)．
完成句子
④House prices vary_from_place_to_place and are usually high where there are famous schools.
各个地方的房价都不同，在有名校的地方房价通常很高。
⑤(2015·广东高考满分作文)With the help of this technique, providing various/a_variety_of/varieties_of suggestions on appropriate ways of exercise for examinees becomes much easier.
在这种技术的帮助下，给检查者提供各种关于合适的锻炼方式的建议变得容易多了。
[用准] a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
⑥The variety of foods at the restaurant is (be) limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large.
这家餐馆中食物的品种有限，但每道菜的分量很大。
[写美]
⑦(2012·辽宁高考书面表达)这些书有很多优点。 其中之一是我们可以从中找到各种话题，例如科学、文化和历史。
These_books_have_many_advantages._One_of_them_is_that_we_can_find_a_variety_of_topics,_such_as_science,_culture_and_history.
2．behave vi.& vt.表现
[记牢]
(1)behave well/badly 行为规矩/不规矩；表现好/不好
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
wellbehaved/badlybehaved adj. 表现好/差的
(2)behaviour n. 举止；行为
[练通]
用behave的适当形式填空/单句改错
①The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of the class.
②Mom disliked it when I behaved bad in front of the guests. bad→badly
完成句子
③Behave_yourself (规矩点). You should be setting your little sister a good example.
④Parents should educate their children to behave_well (行为规矩).
[写美]
⑤(2011·浙江高考书面表达)同时，应鼓励学生养成良好的习惯，举止更加得体。
At_the_same_time,_students_should_be_encouraged_to_develop_good_habits_and_better_behave_themselves.
3．perform vt.& vi.履行，执行；表演，演出；表现；运转，运行；做
[辨清] 写出下列句中perform的含义
①Although she had never been interviewed on TV before, she performed well.表现
②Irene is so incredibly musical and has a natural instinct to perform.表演
③An engine has many parts, each performing a different function.执行
④“Stateowned industries will always perform poorly，” John Moore informed readers.运转，运行
[记牢]
(1)perform one's duty/promise 履行职责/诺言
perform an experiment/operation 做实验/手术
(2)performance n． 表演，演出；表现；执行，履行
give/put on a performance 演出；表演
performer n. 执行者；表演者，演奏者
[练通]
用perform的适当形式填空
⑤Recently, Samuel, an American Jazz performer succeeded in performing at his college. The audience were impressed by his amazing performance.
⑥Once performed,_the works of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert.
⑦On National Day, our class put on a wonderful performance.
完成句子
⑧You'd better perform_your_promise (履行承诺) that you will finish your task on time.
⑨The doctor is going to set out to_perform_the_operation (做手术), so please keep quiet.
[写美]
⑩(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)此外，那里有著名的艺术家将现场表演如何剪纸。
In_addition,_there_are_famous_artists_who_will_perform_how_to_cut_paper_on_the_spot.
4．amuse vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐
[记牢]
(1)amuse sb. by/with ... 用……逗某人开心
amuse oneself 自娱自乐
(2)amused adj. 被逗笑的，愉快的
be amused at/by 被……逗乐，以……为乐
be amused to do ... 觉得做……好笑
amusing adj. 有趣的，好玩的，逗人笑的
(3)amusement n. 消遣，娱乐
to one's amusement 令某人开心的是
[练通]
单句语法填空
①To the audience's amusement,_the actor's amusing performance really amused them and they all felt amused.(amuse)
②Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused with/by her stories.
③We were amused to_learn (learn) that he had made a foolish mistake.
单句改错
④However amused the story is, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.amused→amusing
完成句子
⑤Parks provide people with a place to amuse_themselves (自娱自乐)．
⑥To_my_great_amusement (使我感到极其好笑的是), his false beard fell off.
[写美]
⑦(2018·江苏高考书面表达)根据消费排名，我买了心爱的背包，看了好玩的电影，品尝了美味的食物。
Based_on_the_ratings,_I_bought_my_beloved_backpack,_saw_amusing_films_and_tasted_delicious_foods.
[联想] 表示“使欢乐，使娱乐”的词还有entertain, excite, delight, fascinate, please等。
5．participate vi.参加，参与
[记牢]
(1)participate in 参加
participate in sth. with sb. 和某人一起参与某事
(2)participant n. 参加者，共享者
participation n. 参与；分担；共享
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program.
②The participants (participate) are required to perform English programmes in ten minutes.
③(2016·江苏高考书面表达)Things will turn for the better if we can work out some participation (participate) rules for people to obey.
句型转换
④Everyone in the class is expected to take an active part in these discussions.
→Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions.
完成句子
⑤You should participate_with_your_friend_in his sufferings.
你应当分担朋友的苦恼。
[用准] participate 是不及物动词，常与in搭配，其同义短语是join in, take part in。
[写美]
⑥(2016·天津高考书面表达)按计划，我们参加了几项有教育意义的活动。
As_scheduled,_we_participated_in_several_instructive_activities.
6．guarantee vt.& n．保证；担保
[记牢]
(1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee sb. sth.
＝guarantee sth. to sb. 保证某人得到某物
guarantee that ... 保证……
be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会做某事
(2)give sb. a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺
under guarantee 在保修期内
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I guarantee to_pay (pay) off my debts on time, no matter what happens.
②The fridge is_guaranteed (guarantee) for three years and it is under guarantee now.
完成句子/一句多译
③Going out with friends is_guaranteed_to_cheer_you_up (让你振作起来)．
你能向我保证按时完工吗？
④Can you guarantee_to_me that the work will be finished on time？(guarantee v．)
⑤Can you give_me_a_guarantee that the work will be finished on time？(guarantee n．)
[用准] “保证某人做某事”的表达不能用guarantee sb. to do ...，只能用guarantee to do ... 或guarantee that ...。
[生义] 读句子猜词义
⑥If I borrow $10,000 from the bank, will you be my guarantee？担保人
[写美]
⑦(2015·四川高考书面表达)我保证它能够显著提高你对外语的信心。
I_guarantee_it_will_be_able_to_give_you_a_significant_increase_in_your_confidence_in_a_foreign_language.
7．instruct vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知
[记牢]
(1)instruct sb.to do sth. 指导/指示某人做某事
instruct sb.in sth. 指导某人某事
(2)instruction n. [C](常用复数)命令，指示；(复数)说明书，使用指南；[U]指导
obey/follow instructions 遵从指令/指示；按照说明
(3)instructive adj. 有教育意义的，有启发性的
[练通]
单句语法填空
①I believe, under the instruction (instruct) of their father, the children must be very sensible.
②The students need a teacher to instruct them to_paint (paint)．
③It is the most instructive (instruct) lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
单句改错
④Read the instruction on the bottle before taking the medicine.instruction→instructions
⑤The general instructed that all the soldiers must arrive at the front before dark.must→should或去掉must
完成句子
⑥The college will need an additional teacher to instruct_the_boys_in_cooking.
这所技术学校需要增加一名教员来向学生传授烹调技术。
⑦Take your time; don't cut corners and follow_instructions to the letter.
慢慢来，不要图省事，要严格按照说明去做。
[用准] instruct作“命令”讲，后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
[写美]
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部电影被认为具有指导意义并且充满情感。
The_film_is_believed_to_be_instructive_and_full_of_emotion.
8．burst (burst, burst) vi.猛冲；突然出现；爆裂
[记牢]
(1)burst in/into 闯入/破门而入……
(2)burst out 突然迸发；爆发
突然哭起来/笑起来
burst with (anger/joy) 充满，满怀(愤怒/喜悦)
(3)a burst of 一阵……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①He almost burst with pride when his son began to excel at football.
②A burst of clapping followed the ending of the song.
③He was just about to leave when someone burst into his room.
④Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in.
一句多译
看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误哄堂大笑，她突然大哭起来。
⑤Seeing her classmates burst_out_laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_out_crying.(burst out)
⑥Seeing her classmates burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst_into_tears.(burst into)
[用准] burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into后接宾语。
[写美]
⑦(2013·湖北高考书面表达)听到这个，全班同学哄堂大笑，我同桌的脸变红了。
Hearing_this,_the_whole_class_burst_into_laughter_and_my_deskmate's_face_turned_red.
[词汇过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I thought he always felt great affection (喜爱，钟爱) for his sister, but in fact, he disliked her.
2．That dress is such a good style (样式，风格) that it will be fashionable for years.
3．I can't attend her birthday party because of a previous (先前的) engagement.
4．At every stage (时期) of life we take losses and grow in the process.
5．The statement was carefully polished (润色) and checked before release.
6．Most of our students attained (获得) good grades in the last exam.
7．If a teacher gives the student positive (积极的) attention, the bad behavior on him/her will disappear.
8．I don't dare to tease (取笑) him because he has absolutely no sense of humor.
9．He was filled with anger (怒火) at the way he had been treated.
10．The woman glared (怒目而视) at the man after he shouted rudely at her.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We guarantee to_refund (refund) your money if you're not delighted with your purchase.
2．With my English teacher's patient instruction (instruct) and help, I made great progress in my English learning.
3．Your behaviour (behave) does not come up to the expected standard.
4．It's better for students to take a variety of courses so as to take different kinds of subjects to find their interest.
5．He wanted to satisfy himself that he had given his best performance (perform)．
6．Each child should participate in extracurricular activities at school.
7．Whenever he got a chance, he would ask his dog to amuse him friends with some tricks.
8．The headmaster said they would strengthen (strength) the care about the students.
9．In crowded (crowd) places the police should not discharge their weapons.
10．Walking is a good way of improving fitness (fit)．
Ⅲ.单句改错
1. There are the variety of animals and plants in the world. But for various reasons, some of them are dying out.第一个the→a
2．You should follow the instruction while you operate the new machine.
instruction→instructions
3．The computer is still under the guarantee, so you can return it to the shop.去掉第二个the
4．I didn't find the story amused; in fact, I thought it was rather boring. amused→amusing
5．This ballet group also goes to the countryside to put performances for peasants.put后加on
6．We positively participated performance match last month. participated后加in
Ⅳ.一句多译
1．我认为凭你的能力你肯定能找一份更好的工作。
①I think your ability will guarantee_you_a_better_job.(guarantee sb. sth.)
②I think your ability will guarantee_a_better_job_to_you.(guarantee sth. to sb.)
③I think your ability will guarantee_that_you_can_find_a_better_job.(guarantee that ...)
④I think your ability will give_you_a_guarantee_that_you_can_find_a_better_job.(give sb. a guarantee)
2．一听到这个坏消息，他妈妈放声痛哭。
①On hearing the bad news, his mother burst_into_tears.(burst into)
②On hearing the bad news, his mother burst_out_crying.(burst out)
(一)课前自主学习
1．stand_up_for[串记1] 支持，维护
2．a_variety_of 种种；各种各样的
3．trip_over 绊倒
4．make_fun_of 拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
5．have_affection_for 喜爱，钟爱
6．come_up_with 想出；拿出
7．pass_away[串记2] 去世，亡故
8．drive_away[串记3] 赶走；驱赶
9．take_on 接纳
10．make_room_for 为……腾出地方
11．burst_in 闯进；突然闯入
12．glare_at 对……怒目而视
13．hold_out 递出；拿出；伸出
14．later_on 后来，过后
15．make_up 组成；编造；化妆；弥补
16．depend_on 依靠，依赖
17．be_popular_with 受……欢迎
[同根短语串记]
串记1.stand短语集训营
①stand up for 支持，维护
②stand for 代表；象征；主张
③stand out 突出，显眼；杰出
④stand back 向后退
⑤stand aside 靠边站；不参与
⑥stand by 支持；袖手旁观
⑦stand up 站起来；坚持
串记2.pass短语速记
①pass away 度过；消磨时间；去世
②pass along 沿……走，路过
③pass by 经过；时间逝去
④pass down (世代)相传，传下来
⑤pass on ... to ... 把……传递给……
⑥pass over 渡过；回顾
串记3.“v.＋away”短语团聚
①drive away 赶走；驱赶
②put away 收好，放好
③turn away 转过脸去；避开
④give away 赠送；泄露；出卖
⑤break away 脱离；摆脱
⑥die away (声音、风、光线等)慢慢变弱
⑦put away 把……收起放好
⑧go away 离开；停止
1．visual humour 视觉幽默
2．littleknown fact 鲜为人知的事实
3．broadcast_live 现场直播
4．get one's start in 从……起家
5．all age groups 各年龄段的人
6．physical exercise 体育锻炼
7．the person in charge 主管的人
8．copy traditional piece of crosstalk 模仿传统相声段子
9．a sense of happiness 幸福感
10．initial requirements 先决条件
1．Which of the events above do_you_think_ will be the funniest?
你认为上面这些事件中哪一件是最有趣的？
2．One_such_person is Billy Crystal.
比利·克里斯托就是这样的一个人。
3．It_seems_appropriate_that he got his start in silent films!
他从无声电影起步似乎是恰当的！
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)
1．(2016·北京高考完形)Nome's town officials came_up_with_a_plan (想出了一个计划). They would have the medicine sent by rail from Anchorage to Nenana.
2．(2015·北京高考阅读D)But it is useful to bear in mind that all_such_changes (所有这些变化) come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2014·重庆高考书面表达)我们有时都会在一定程度上依赖别人。(depend on)
We_all_depend_on_others_sometimes_to_some_degree.
2．(2011·湖南高考书面表达)很多树木矗立在一起形成一片森林，很多人组成了一个社会。(make up)
Many_trees_standing_together_form_a_forest_and_many_people_make_up_a_society.
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．come up with 提出，想出；拿出(钱款)
[记牢]
keep up with 与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 忍耐，忍受；熬过
end up with 以……结束
[练通] 选用上述短语填空
①Specialists can come_up_with new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.
②Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to put_up_with when watching TV.
③The world has been developing very fast, and every country must keep_up_with the time.
④Without your help, the experiment will end_up_with failure.
⑤After being out of school so long, she had to work hard in order to catch_up_with the others.
[用准] come up with意为“提出”，主语(多是人)是提出者，后面的宾语才是被提出的内容；come up意为“被提出”，其主语(多是物)是被提出的内容，无被动语态。
⑥As soon as the project came_up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.
那个计划在会上一经提出，就引起了许多人的关注。
[写美]
⑦(2016·北京高考书面表达)我们班想出了一个办法来更好地利用二手材料。
Our_class_came_up_with_an_idea_to_make_better_use_of_used_materials.
2．hold out 递出，拿出；伸出；坚持；维持；坚守，守住
[辨清] 写出下列句中hold out的含义
①He walked to her and held out a small bunch of wild flowers. 递出，拿出
②They were ready to hold out a friendly hand.伸出
③We must hold out. We can't be frightened by the difficulties.坚持
④We were short of water but could hold out for another day.维持
[记牢]
hold back 隐瞒；退缩；阻止，抑制
hold on 别挂断；等一等；坚持
hold on to 坚守；保留(房屋、财产等)；抓住
hold up 举起，拿起；支撑；拦住，耽搁
[练通] 选用上述短语填空
⑤He has determined to hold_on this job whatever difficulties he might run into.
⑥The traffic police held_up the traffic to allow the pupils to cross the road.
⑦If we believed something was true, good and beautiful, we should hold_on_to it.
⑧No one can hold_back the wheel of history.
[写美]
⑨(2015·浙江高考书面表达)我们在组织课堂活动时可能会有不同的意见。当我有更好的想法时，我会选择坚持。
We_may_have_different_opinions_in_organizing_class_activities._When_I_have_a_better_idea,_I_would_choose_to_hold_on_to_it.
[句式集释]
1．特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分？
[教材原句] Which of the events above do_you_think will be the funniest?
[悟拓展例句]
(1)When_do_you_suggest we hold a meeting to talk about the problem?
你建议我们什么时候举行会议谈论这个问题？
(2)Why_do_you_think the earth's temperature keeps rising?
你认为地球的温度为什么会持续上升？
(3)It is impossible, I_think,_that we should finish the job in such a short period of time.
我认为在这么短的时间内我们完成这项工作是不可能的。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)do you suggest/think是插入语，能用作插入语的动词还有：hope, believe, suppose, guess, say等。
常见的句型结构有：
①特殊疑问词(作主语)＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分(语序不变)?
②特殊疑问词＋插入语＋句子其他部分(陈述语序)?
(2)I think, I believe, I suppose, I guess, I imagine, I find, I say, I know等也可用作插入语，置于句中或句末，一般用逗号隔开。此类插入语若置于定语从句中，可不用标点。
注意事项
do you suggest 作插入语时，其后的句子应使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋) do”。
Where do you suggest we (should) put these things?
你建议我们把这些物品放在什么地方？
[背写作佳句]
(1)How do you think I will spend my summer vacation？(开头句)
(2)(2017·北京高考写作佳句)That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River is a better choice.(总结句)
2．数词或不定代词(no/some/any ...)＋such＋名词
[教材原句] One_such_person is Billy Crystal.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)There is no_such_thing as a genius born with knowledge.
世界上不存在所谓生而知之的天才。
(2)He is not such_a_fool_as he looks.
他并不像看上去的那样蠢。
(3)My younger brother is such_a_diligent_student_that he never gives up easily.
我弟弟是一个勤奋的学生，他从不轻易放弃。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
(1)such作形容词，意为“那样的，这样的，如此的”。当它与数词或不定代词one, no, all, some, any, few等连用时，常置于这些词之后。
(2)such ... as ...“像……这样的……”，as在句中引导定语从句。
(3)such＋＋that ...意为“如此……以至于”
注意事项
such作代词位于句首时，句子须倒装，谓语动词的单复数由其后的名词决定。
Such is our monitor, who always helps others.
我们的班长就是这样一个人，他总是帮助别人。
[背写作佳句]
(1)(2015·安徽高考写作佳句)I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.(要点句)
(2)(2017·浙江高考写作佳句)I do hope that you could join us because Green Hill is such a fun place that we can relax and surely we will have a great time.(总结句)
[词块、句式过关综合训练]
Ⅰ.选词填空
hold out, burst in, stand up for, make room for, make fun of, come up with, have affection for, take on
1．Everyone should stand_up_for their rights to vote.
2．When he first got to the city, he was often made_fun_of for his strong accent.
3．The scientists are beating their brains trying to come_up_with a solution to the problem.
4．The police burst_in through the door and arrested the gang.
5．Those who decide to take_on teaching as a career need lots of patience.
6．Many buildings in the city were demolished to make_room_for the speedway.
7．Only by holding_out our hands can we give the opportunity to others to hold us!
8．There's no doubt that every mother has_affection_for her children.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1．你认为什么使他在如此短的时间内取得了这么大的进步？(do you think作插入语)
What_do_you_think_lead_him_to_make_such_great_progress_in_such_a_short_time?
2．世界上没有免费的午餐。(no such＋名词)
There_is_no_such_thing_as_free_lunch_in_the_world.
3．我想要一本和他的一样的字典。(such ... as ...)
I_want_to_have_such_a_dictionary_as_he_has.
4．看来绿色生活是出人意料地容易并且可以负担得起的。(It seems that)
It_seems_that_green_living_is_surprisingly_easy_and_affordable.
5．想出如此巧妙的方案需要极大的想象力。(come up with)
It_took_a_lot_of_imagination_to_come_up_with_such_an_ingenious_plan.
Ⅲ.分步写作
假设你是李华，下面是你的笔友Shirley写给你的电子邮件，请结合你自己的实际情况给她回复，并给出合理化的建议。词数100左右。
Dear Li Hua，
I spend most of my time studying and hardly talk to any of my classmates. Sometimes I don't care much about others, but I do want to talk. I just don't know what to talk about and how to begin a conversation.
I feel so lonely. How I wish I had a good friend! Could you give me some advice?
Yours，
Shirley
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本写作是应用文写作中的建议信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第二人称。要点表达可以从以下三方面着手：一是回应对方的来信，点明写信的目的；二是提出自己的建议；三是简要给出自己的希望。其中要点1和要点3比较容易把握，要点2属于开放式，内容比较宽泛，学生不容易有思路，这时可以从题目中给出的问题着手来思考回答，例如针对“不知道如何开始谈话”的问题，可以建议Shirley要有自信，相信自己；针对“感觉自己孤独”的问题可以建议她多与同学交流；针对“希望有好朋友”的问题可以建议她和同学之间以诚相待，彼此帮助。
要点1－①：这个问题很常见。(common)
The_problem_is_very_common.
要点1－②：以下是我的建议。(following)
The_followings_are_my_advice.
要点2－①：你缺乏自信。你应该相信自己。(believe in)
You_lack_confidence.You_should_believe_in_yourself.
要点2－②：你应当微笑对待同学。(smile)
You_should_smile_at_your_classmates._
要点2－③：试着与同学交流。(talk with)
Try_talking_with_your_classmates.
要点2－④：你应该乐于帮助同学。(be ready to)
You_should_be_ready_to_help_your_classmates.
要点3：希望你能交到尽可能多的朋友。(as ...as possible)
I_hope_you_can_make_as_many_friends_as_possible.
第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
上面的要点基本表达出了李华给Shirley的建议，但是语句简单，层次单一，毫无起伏。为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行添枝加叶，补充定语、状语或更换高级句式，让要点在内容上和形式上更丰满。如要点1－①，可升级为定语从句“你提到的问题”，并添加状语“在中学生中”来补充相关细节；要点1－②可采用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式来突出所提建议的重要性；要点2－②添加细节“你必须做的第一件事”，并说明微笑的作用；要点2－③则可添加定语从句来补充与之交谈的同学的详细情况，进行细节扩充；要点2－④用条件状语从句来添加该建议实施的条件；要点3用“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构添加“希望这些建议对你有用”以及用并列谓语来详述一下自己的期望。
拓展1－①：你提到的那个问题在中学生中是很常见的。(定语从句)
The_problem_(that/which)_you_mentioned_is_very_common_among_middle_school_students.
拓展1－②：如果你能听从我给你的以下建议，你就可以摆脱这种情况。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
Follow_the_following_advice_I_give_you,_and_you_may_get_rid_of_the_situation.
拓展2－①：要相信自己。你最大的问题是缺乏自信心。(表语从句)
Believe_in_yourself._Your_greatest_problem_is_that_you_lack_selfconfidence._
拓展2－②：你必须做的第一件事就是对你的同学微笑。你的微笑表明你对他们很友好。(定语从句，宾语从句)
The_first_thing_you_must_do_is_to_smile_at_your_classmates._Your_smile_will_show_that_you_are_friendly_to_them.
拓展2－③：试着与一位和你一样腼腆的或与你有同样兴趣的同学交谈。(定语从句)
Try_talking_with_a_classmate_who_is_as_shy_as_you_or_who_shares_the_same_interest_with_you.
拓展2－④：如果有人在生活或学习中遇到困难，你应该乐于帮助他们。(条件状语从句)
If_someone_is_in_trouble_in_life_or_study,_you_should_be_ready_to_help_him_or_her.
拓展3：希望这些想法对你有用，你能交到尽可能多的朋友。(find＋宾语＋宾补， and并列句)
I_hope_you_will_find_these_ideas_useful_and_make_as_many_friends_as_possible.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本写作应采用“总—分—总”结构来组织全文，可添加书信常用开头句“Glad to receive your email”，并运用first of all, so, next, last but not least等衔接词对各要点语句进行融会贯通，连接成文。
Dear_Shirley，
Glad_to_receive_your_email._The_problem_you_mentioned_is_very_common_among_middle_school_students._Follow_the_following_advice_I_give_you,_and_you_may_get_rid_of_the_situation.
First_of_all,_believe_in_yourself._Your_greatest_problem_is_that_you_lack_selfconfidence,_so_the_first_thing_you_must_do_is_to_smile_at_your_classmates._Your_smile_will_show_that_you_are_friendly_to_them._Next_try_talking_with_a_classmate_who_is_as_shy_as_you_or_who_shares_the_same_interest_with_you._Last_but_not_least,_if_someone_is_in_trouble_in_life_or_study,_you_should_be_ready_to_help_him_or_her.
I_hope_you_will_find_these_ideas_useful_and_make_as_many_friends_as_possible.
Yours，
Li_Hua
理清段落结构之(二) 并列
并列式段落往往是列举两个事物或一个事物在不同情况下的相同或不同之处。利用这种段落结构可速判阅读七选五题型中的标题类题目，对把握文章主旨、理解全文大意至关重要。
[高考典例1] 2016·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读七选五节选
并列关系
● 17
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants， flowers， patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18(E) .However， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.
●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories
…
根据并列的段落标题，可知17题应为祈使句，可初步断定为A、B选项，由该段倒数第二句可知此题应选A项。
A．Know why you garden
B．Find a good place for your own garden
C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have
[高考典例2] 2012·辽宁卷·C篇
In the past two decades， the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently， the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art， history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States， at the same time， are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.
So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well.
Today China attracts the West more than ever， and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.
As for the old thinker， he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West， even if his birthday is.
总结出
孔子和中国文化对西方的影响。
