2020版一轮复习英语译林全国版学案：选修6Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld



(一)课前自主学习

Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1．troublesome adj.　　　　　 麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的
2．victim n. 受害者
3．vacant adj. 空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的
4．staff n．[纵联1] 全体员工
5．political adj. 政治的；政府的
6．chaos n. 混乱，杂乱，紊乱
7．mountainous adj. 多山的
8．assistant n. 助理，助手
adj. 助理的，副的
9．shelter n. 住所；藏身之处
10．wage n. (通常指按周领的)工资
11．damp adj. 潮湿的
12．muddy adj. 多泥的，泥泞的
13．heating n. 供暖；供暖系统；暖气设备
14．bacteria n．(pl.) 细菌
15．angle n. 角度
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1．urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的
2．expand vi.& vt.[纵联2] 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
3．possession n. 个人财产；拥有，具有
4．worthy adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；
有价值的
5．alternative adj. 可供替代的
n. 可供选择的事物
6．means n. 手段，方法
7．acquire vt. 购得；获得，得到；学到
8．worthwhile adj. 重要的，令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
9．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得
10．barrier n. 障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物
11．colleague n. 同事
12．fetch vt.　　　[纵联3] 售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来
13．remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的
14．export n.
vt.& vi.[纵联4] 出口产品，输出品；出口，输出
出口，输出
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1．lack n. & vt.缺乏→lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的
2．description n．描写(文字)，形容，说明→describe vt.描述，形容；描绘→describer n．描写者
3．addition n．增加；添加→add vt.& vi.添加；相加，求和；增加→additional adj.附加的；另外的
4．equal adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等→equality n．平等；同等→equally adv.相等地
5．voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的→volunteer n．志愿者v.自愿做，无偿做
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n．贡献；捐献；投稿→contributor n．贡献者；捐献者；投稿人
7．starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死→starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿
8．commitment n．承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→commit v．犯罪，做错事；把……托付给；使……承担义务
9．crowd n．人群 vi.& vt.挤满，塞满；使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
10．remind vt.提醒，使想起→reminder n．暗示；提醒人的事物


纵联1.由staff想到的
①personnel n. (全体)人员
②crew n. 全体船员，全体乘务员
③clerk n. 职员，办事员
纵联2.“伸开，扩展”训练营
①expand 扩展，扩大
②extend 伸出，延伸
③spread 伸开，传播
④stretch 伸展，拉长
⑤enlarge 扩大
纵联3.各种“带/拿”都不同
①take 从这里拿走
②carry “拿，提，扛”，无方向性
③bring 从别处带来
④fetch 到别处去带回来
纵联4.“经济生活”高频动词
①export 出口；输出
②import 进口；输入
③invest 投资
④bid 出价；投标
⑤distribute 分配；分布

单元话题——助人为乐
子话题1　灾难与援助
①catastrophic adj. 灾难性的
②donation n. 捐赠，赠送
③support v. 赞成，支持；提供
④rescue vt. 营救，救援
⑤undergo vt. 经历；遭受，承受
⑥supply n. 供给物
⑦devote vt. 把……奉献(给)
子话题2　过程及影响
①comfort vt.& n. 安慰
②relief n. 宽慰，安心
③grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的
④distribute vt. 分配；分发
⑤generosity n. 慷慨，大方
⑥financially adv. 金融上地
⑦rebuild vt. 重建
⑧available adj. 可获得的
⑨promote vt. 促进，推进
⑩warmth n. 温暖；热情
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用
1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五)Trust is a learned behavior that we gain❶ from past experiences. It is putting confidence in someone. Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust❷ in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：obtain，相关的同义词还有：get,_acquire
②写出加黑词块的汉语意思：缺乏信任
2．(2015·安徽高考阅读D)In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal❶. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion❷ to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
①写出加黑词块的汉语意思：无可匹敌，无可比拟，其同义短语还有：beyond_compare/beyond_comparision
②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：commitment，本词常和介词to搭配。

高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1．(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)你的贡献肯定会使活动取得巨大成功。(contribution)
Your_contribution_will_certainly_make_the_event_a_huge_success.
2．(2013·重庆高考书面表达)与父母交谈不仅是了解他们和避免误解的一种手段，而且是学习如何爱他们以作为回报的完美方式。(means)
Talking_to_parents_is_not_only_a_means_of_knowing_them_and_avoiding_misunderstanding_but_also_a_perfect_way_to_learn_how_to_love_them_in_return.
(二)课堂重点释疑
1．lack n．& vt.缺乏
[记牢]
(1)lack＋n.　　　　　　　 缺乏……
not lack for sth. 某物应有尽有，不缺某物
(2)(a) lack of＋n. 缺乏……
for lack of＋n. 因缺乏……
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in (在抽象事物方面)缺乏
[练通]
单句语法填空
①More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
②Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
③Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
④You will not lack for money while I am alive.
⑤Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.
一句多译
她不受欢迎的原因是缺乏幽默。
⑥A_lack_of_humor accounts for her unpopularity.
⑦The reason why she is not popular is that she_lacks_humor.
⑧Lacking_in_humor,_she is not popular.
[用准]　lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词lacking常与in连用。
[写美]
⑨(2013·重庆高考书面表达)由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚(Yangtze Finless Porpoise)的数量正变得越来越少。
For_lack_of_human_protection,_the_number_of_Yangtze_Finless_Porpoise_is_becoming_smaller_and_smaller._
2．worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
[辨清]　写出下列句中worthy的含义
①You must first have shown yourself worthy in several battles.有价值的
②I could be faithful to you without injuring a worthy person.令人敬重的
③Yuan Longping have made great contributions to our country and his achievements are worthy of the highest praise.值得的
[记牢]
(1)be worthy
(2)worth adj. 　　　 　　　 值……钱；值得……的
be worth
(3)worthwhile adj. 　　　　 值得花时间/金钱/精力的
值得做某事
[练通]
选词填空(worthy/worth/worthwhile)
④This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn't worthwhile.
一句多译
这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
⑤The reference book is_worth_buying,_because it is a great help for your study.(worth)
⑥The reference book is_worthy_to_be_bought,_because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
⑦The reference book is_worthy_of_being_bought,_because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
⑧It_is_worthwhile_buying/to_buy the reference book, because it is a great help for your study.(worthwhile)
[写美]
⑨(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
Since_you_are_interested_in_traditional_Chinese_cultures,_I_think_this_festival_is_well_worthy_to_be_experienced/of_being_experienced.
3．equal adj.平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的 vt.与……相同或相等 n．同等的人；相等物
[记牢]
(1)be equal to (doing) sth. (in ...)
　　　　　 (在……方面)等于；能胜任(做)某事
equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
without equal 无与伦比
(2)equality n. 平等，同等；均等
equally adv. 相等地，相同地
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful.
②It's said that nobody can equal him in intelligence.
③Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.
④We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations, big or small.
单句改错
⑤I don't think Bob is equal to be a manager, for he has little knowledge about management. be→being
完成句子
⑥I am_not_equal_to (不能胜任) the position, so I don't apply for it.
⑦His paintings are without_equal (无与伦比) in the Western world.
[写美]
⑧(2014·江西高考书面表达)其次，要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。
For_another,_be_positive_and_cheerful,_for_your_mental_health_is_equal_to_your__physical_health.
4．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿
[记牢]
(1)contribute ... to/towards ...
　　　 (把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿
contribute to　　　 促成，导致；有助于；是……的原因
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make contributions/a contribution to/towards (doing) ...
对(做)……作出贡献
[练通]
单句语法填空
①(2017·江苏高考)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
②Failure can make a positive contribution (contribute) to your life once you learn to use it.
单句改错
③Their invention has contributed to develop electrical engineering.develop→developing
[用准]　contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都是介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。
[写美]
④(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你想往我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。
If_you_want_to_contribute_to_our_newspaper,_please_send_me_your_article_before_the_deadline.
[联想]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。
5．alternative adj.可供替代的，供选择的；其他的n.可供选择的事物；选择对象
[记牢]
(1)have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
an alternative to ... ……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
[练通]
单句语法填空
①Natural gas is another abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline.
②If you don't like the school lunch, you will have the alternative of bringing your own.
完成句子
③If he wants to go to Hong Kong tonight, he has_no_alternative_but_to_go by air.
如果他今晚想去香港，除了坐飞机外别无选择。
[用准]　“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth.; can't do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式 (does, did, done), but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。
[写美]
④(2011·北京高考书面表达)在追求梦想的过程中，我们可能只关注实现梦想的一种方式，忘记可能有其他选择。
In_pursuing_a_dream,_we_might_focus_on_only_one_way_of_making_it_come_true,_forgetting_that_there_may_be_alternatives.
6．means n．手段，方法
[记牢]
(1)a means of (doing) sth.　 (做)某事的方法、途径
means of production/transport/communication
　　　　　 生产工具/运输工具/通信手段
(2)by means of 用，依靠；通过
by all means 无论如何；当然可以(口语)
by no means 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首，句子要倒装)
[练通]
单句改错
①Every means have been tried to save the environment.have→has
②There is no doubt that the mobile phone is an important means to communication.to→of
句型转换
③The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.
→By no means is the problem as simple as we first thought.
完成句子
④Students build up their vocabularies by_means_of_reading_more.
学生们通过更多的阅读来积累词汇。
⑤—Can I come and have a look at your house?
—Yes, by_all_means.
——我能过来看看你的房子吗？
——好的，当然可以。
[用准]　means是单复数同形的名词，类似的单词还有series(系列)，species(种类)等。
[写美]
⑥(2015·重庆高考书面表达)通过定向分享，我只需要把书传递给其他参与者。
By_means_of_controlled_release,_I_only_need_to_deliver_books_to_other_participants.
7．remind vt.提醒，使想起
[记牢]
remind sb. of sth.　　　　　　　 使某人想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb.) that/how/what ... 提醒(某人)……
[练通]
单句语法填空
①You must remind him to_take (take) his medicine, in case he forgets.
②Passengers are_reminded (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.
③This reminds me of what we did together during our holiday.
④I always remind myself that time and tide waits for no man.
完成句子
⑤Please remind_me_to_write an email to my mother tomorrow, for it's her birthday.
请提醒我明天给我母亲写一封电子邮件，因为明天是她的生日。
[写美]
⑥(2015·广东高考书面表达)这个结果有助于你预测一些重大疾病和食物偏好，并提醒你合适的锻炼方式。
The_result_will_help_to_predict_some_major_and_severe_diseases_and_your_preference_for_diet_and_remind_you_of_suitable_ways_to_exercise.
[词汇过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Would you tell me the general description (描写) of your present job?
2．Many young workers gave up their days off to do voluntary (志愿的) labour.
3．If you want to acquire (学得) profound knowledge, you must start from the ABC.
4．China exports (出口) many raw materials to foreign countries every year.
5．The matter is urgent (紧急的) and something has got to be done about it at once.
6．All over the world many people still suffer from starvation (挨饿)．
7．He spent his childhood in the remote (遥远的) mountain area.
8．Unfortunately, they lost all their possessions (财产) in the fire.
9．We have obtained (得到) permission from the directors to use some of our funds.
10．He can always get on well with his colleagues (同事)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He just graduated from the university last month, so he is lacking in working experience.
2．I don't think I am worthy of such an honourable title.
3．You must have a good education, but practical training is equally (equal) important.
4．I have no alternative but to_report (report) him to the police.
5．At every moment I was reminded_of the difficulties we have.
6．He has made an important contribution to the company's success.
7．This is by no means a good way to make a living.
8．I made a commitment (commit) to him to pay all of the debts.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．She reminded me of that I had a meeting to attend that evening.去掉of
2．The fact that the miners there work in dreadful conditions attracts the public's attention and contributes to make laws to protect the miners' rights.make→making
3．To be punctual one has to have self­discipline, and the lack for it affects others.for→of
4．When she was forty, she still kept a good figure by the means of exercising regularly and sticking to a diet.去掉the
5．He is a man worthy of to be trusted.We can count on his support.去掉of
Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译
1．He is seen as having contributed significantly towards the eradication (消除) of corruption.
→He is seen as having made a significant contribution towards the eradication of corruption.
2．由于缺乏资金，那位科学家放弃了他的研究工作。
①The scientist abandoned his research for_lack_of_fund. (for lack of)
②Lacking_fund,_the scientist abandoned his research.(分词短语作状语)
③Because_he_lacked_fund,_the scientist abandoned his research.(原因状语从句)
3．他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。
①His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worth_considering.(worth)
②His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worthy_of_being_considered.(worthy)
③His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worthy_to_be_considered.(worthy)
④It_is_worthwhile_to_consider/considering his suggestion put forward at the conference.(worthwhile)

(一)课前自主学习

1．refer_to　　　　　　　　 谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；
查阅，参考
2．in_addition　[串记1] 除……以外(还)，此外
3．draw_someone's_attention_to[串记2]　使(某人)察觉到
4．under_the_umbrella_of 在……的保护下，在……的管理下
5．if_only 但愿
6．break_down 出故障；抛锚
7．in_chaos 处于混乱状态
8．get_hold_of 得到；抓住
9．remind_sb._of 让某人想起……，提醒某人……
10．think_back_to　[串记3] 回想
11．make_a_difference 有作用(关系、影响)
12．contribute_..._to_... 把……捐献给……
13．far_from 离……远；远非，远不是
14．put_up 建造，搭起；张贴
15．take_on 雇用，承担，呈现
16．stop_sb._from_doing_sth. 阻止某人做某事
17．look_up 查阅，向上看
18．be_made_up_of 由……构成/组成
[同根短语串记]
串记1.“除……以外”家族
①apart from　　　　　　　　　 除……外(还有/没有)
②aside from 除……外(还有/没有)
③except for 除了(不好的部分)
④except 除……之外(不包括)
⑤besides 除……外(还有)
⑥in addition 此外(单独使用)
⑦in addition to 此外
⑧as well as 除……之外
串记2.attention短语展示
①draw someone's attention to ... 使某人察觉到……
②call one's attention to ... 提醒某人注意……
③fix one's attention on ... 集中注意力于……
④bring ... to one's attention 使某人注意……
⑤pay attention to 注意
串记3.think短语大团圆
①think back to 回想
②think about 考虑
③think over 仔细考虑
④think of 想起；考虑
⑤think twice 再三考虑
⑥think highly of 高度重视
⑦think up 想出，构思出
⑧think out 仔细考虑

1．international political conflicts 国际间的政治冲突
2．human rights 人权
3．increase people's knowledge 增加人们的知识
4．promote world peace 促进世界和平
5．transform people's lives 改变人们的生活
6．provide for themselves and their families
为自己和家人提供所需
7．primary education 基础教育
8．working conditions 工作条件

1．This_land_was_difficult_to_farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。
2．I_would_rather_you_hadn't_told me about it.
我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。
3．If_only there were more people donating money to charities!
但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款！
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块和句式(完成句子)
1．(2017·北京高考完形)Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making_a_difference (有影响，起作用)in the world. You can, too!
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ完形)Larry pulled over, set the brake and got_hold_of (抓住) the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.
高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式
(根据提示翻译句子)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.)
The_true_meaning_and_the_culture_of_Tang_poems_are_difficult_to_understand_for_a_foreign_learner.
2．(2015·重庆高考书面表达)要是我能回到过去重新设定我的目标该多好！(if only)
If_only_I_could_go_back_and_reset_my_goals!
(二)课堂重点释疑
[短语集释]
1．refer to指的是；谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考
[辨清]　写出下列句中refer to的含义
①When I study English, I like to put my dictionary within my reach so that I can refer to it when necessary.查阅，参考
②I mention this point now in passing and shall refer to it again.提到
③The new law does not refer to land used for farming.涉及
④What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to？指的是
[记牢]
(1)refer to ...as ...　　　　　 把……称作……
refer ... to ... 把……提交给……
(2)reference n. 谈到，提及；参考，查阅
in/with reference to 关于
[练通]
单句语法填空
⑤The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
⑥(2015·天津高考书面表达)The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
完成句子
⑦We were completely in the dark in/with_reference_to his future plans.
关于他的未来计划我们全然不知。
[用准]　(1)refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写“r”，再加上“­ed”或“­ing”。类似的词还有prefer。
(2)“查词典”的表达方式还有：refer to a dictionary; look sth. up in the dictionary。
[写美]
⑧(2011·安徽高考书面表达)当我遇到困难时，我通常会选择参考相关的学习资料或网页。
When_I_am_faced_with_a_difficulty,_I_usually_choose_to_refer_to_relevant_learning_materials_or_web_pages.
2．make a difference有作用(关系、影响)
[记牢]
make no/little difference to　 对……没有影响/作用
make some/much difference to
对……有些/很大影响/作用
tell the difference between A and B　 辨别A和B
[练通]　完成句子
①The sea air has made_some/a_difference_to her health.
海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。
②That will make_no_difference_to him, whatever you may decide.
无论你做什么决定，对他都没有影响。
③Johnson didn't seem to be able to tell_the_difference between right and wrong.
约翰逊似乎不能分辨是非曲直。
[写美]
④(2013·安徽高考书面表达)我不仅不会到处乱丢垃圾和吐痰，而且无论何时都会帮忙清理路边的垃圾。我希望我的行为能起到作用。
Not_only_will_I_keep_from_littering_or_spitting_anywhere,_but_I_will_also_help_clean_up_the_roadside_litter_whenever_possible._I_hope_my_behavior_will_make_a_difference.
3．break down出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；坍塌；崩溃；(谈判、计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解；将……分成若干部分；消除，破除
[辨清]　写出下列句中break down的含义
①Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination.消除
②Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. 将……分成若干部分
③Men are left idle when machines break down.出故障
④You will break down if you take on more work than you can.身体垮掉
⑤Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.失败，破裂
[记牢]
break in　　　　　 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break up 破裂，分手；结束；拆分，分裂
break through 突破
break away from 脱离，挣脱
[练通]　选用上述短语填空
⑥We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken_into the office during the night.
⑦Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe. War was soon to break_out.
⑧Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to break_away_from all of my friends and never contact them.
⑨Scientists think they are beginning to break_through in the fight against cancer.
[写美]
⑩(2014·北京高考书面表达)我的自行车半路出了故障，我从上面摔了下来，使得左脚受伤了。
My_bike_broke_down_halfway_and_I_fell_off_it,_making_my_left_foot_injured._
[句式集释]
1．主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式
[教材原句]　This_land_was_difficult_to_farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The story is very interesting for the students to_read.
这个故事对学生来说读起来很有趣。
(2)Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is hard to_get_along_with.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
本句属于“主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，在此结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的用于此结构的形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, (im)possible, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。
注意事项
动词不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若动词不定式为不及物动词，其后必须要加相应的介词。
The armchair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit in.
这把扶手椅看上去很硬，但坐上去很舒服。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2018·北京高考写作佳句)Beijing Language and Culture University is ideal for you to learn Chinese culture.(要点句)
(2)(2014·四川高考写作佳句)Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar to me, they are easy to answer.(要点句)
2．if only引导的虚拟句
[教材原句]　If_only there were more people donating money to charities!
[悟拓展例句]
(1)If only she would_listen_to_me carefully at the meeting tomorrow.
但愿在明天的会上她能仔细听我讲话。
(2)If only it were possible for me to see her once more!
但愿我还能再见她一次！
(3)It's too bad that I failed in the math exam. If only I had_worked hard at it!
我数学考试不及格真是太糟糕了。要是我之前努力学习就好了！
[析用法规则]
用法归纳
if only意为“要是……就好了，但愿”，常用来表示强烈的愿望和遗憾，它引导的句子要用虚拟语气。if only句式中虚拟语气的三种情况：
(1)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. would/could do ...
(2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. did/were ...
(3)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. had done sth. ...
注意事项
only if表示“只有……”，引导条件状语从句。only if本身不是一个固定词组，only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没有逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装语序。
In a word, only if you learn English by using it can you learn it well.
总之，只有通过使用英语的方法学英语，你才能学好它。

[背写作佳句]
(1)(2013·北京高考写作佳句)If only he had kept on trying, he would have got a bigger fish.(要点句)
(2)(2011·江苏高考写作佳句)If only I had seen the picture earlier, I would have helped my parents more.(总结句)

[词块、句式过关综合训练]　
Ⅰ.选词填空
far from, get hold of, think back to, break down, refer to, in chaos, under the umbrella of, in addition
1．If the car breaks_down on the way, you will have to walk back.
2．He got_hold_of a railway timetable and looked up all the trains to London.
3．In order to write this important report well, I spent the whole afternoon referring_to the materials.
4．You need time and money, in_addition,_you need diligence.
5．Primary education comes under_the_umbrella_of local government.
6．He was far_from being satisfied with the way the things were done.
7．Sitting by the table and looking at the photographs, I think_back_to my schooldays.
8．The kitchen was in_chaos,_because she had no time to clean it.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1．最后，一些好的英语学习网站对我英语水平的提高起了很大作用。(contribute to)
Finally,_some_good_English_study_websites_contribute_a_lot_to_my_improvement_in_English.
2．我们正在下载音乐，就在这时电脑出故障了。(break down)
We_were_downloading_music_when_our_computer_broke_down.
3．虽然安迪不健谈，但与他相处不难。(get along with)
While_Andy_is_not_a_talkative_man,_he_is_not_hard_to_get_along_with.
4．我们所能做的事情会对我们的社会产生很大的影响。 (make much difference)
What_we_can_do_will_make_much_difference_to_our_society.
5．她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！(if only)
If_only_she_had_asked_someone's_advice!
Ⅲ.分步写作
假定你是新华中学的高三学生李华，打算做志愿者，参加假期中外学生交流活动。请给市国际交流中心写一封申请信，内容包括：
1．性格特点；
2．英语水平；
3．乐于传播中国文化。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I'm Li Hua, a student of Senior Three from Xinhua High School.
　



Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点
本文是一封申请信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。写作要点可从三方面着手：一是写信的目的；二是申请的核心内容；最后简单表达自己的希望。要点1，写信目的很明确——打算做志愿者，这个表达比较简单；要点2的内容可以借助题目中给出的三方面信息：性格特点、英语水平、乐于传播中国文化。其中性格特点应该突出自己能胜任志愿者的优点和长处，英语水平应表达出自己语言上的优势。
要点1：我写信申请这份工作。(apply for)
I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position.
要点2－①：我善良、友好、随和。(kind, friendly, easy­going)
I'm_kind,_friendly_and_easy­going.
要点2－②：我擅长英语。(be good at)
I_am_good_at_English.
要点2－③：我对中国文化感兴趣。(interested)
I'm_interested_in_Chinese_culture.
要点2－④：我能教外国学生书法，以及怎样庆祝中国传统节日。(teach, celebrate)
I_can_teach_foreign_students_Chinese_calligraphy_and_how_to_celebrate_traditional_Chinese_festivals.

第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼
拟定的几个要点之间彼此孤立，且表述较为简单，应对其进行适度拓展。要点1可添加介词短语对所应聘的职位进行详细描述；要点2－①与要点2－②可补充说明自己的特长在应聘该职位时的优势所在；要点2－③可升级为what引导的表语从句；要点2－④则可以转化为not only ...but also 引导的倒装结构，并添加“I'm sure ...”来强调自己能取得的成绩。
拓展1：我写信是想申请成为在即将到来的假期中学生交流项目的一名志愿者。(as)
I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_volunteer_in_the_students'_exchange_program_during_the_coming_vacation.
拓展2－①：我善良、友好、随和，这使我与同学们相处得很好。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
I'm_kind,_friendly_and_easy­going,_which_enables_me_to_get_along_well_with_my_classmates.
拓展2－②：我擅长英语，能很轻松地和外国学生交流。(so ... that ...)
I_am_so_good_at_English_that_I_can_communicate_with_foreign_students_easily.
拓展2－③：中国文化是我的兴趣所在。(what引导的表语从句)
Chinese_culture_is_what_I'm_interested_in.
拓展2－④：我不仅能教外国学生书法，也能教他们怎样庆祝中国传统节日。我确信他们会获益很多。(not only ... but also, I'm sure ...)
Not_only_can_I_teach_foreign_students_Chinese_calligraphy_but_also_teach_them_how_to_celebrate_traditional_Chinese_festivals._I'm_sure_they_will_benefit_a_lot.
第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡
本文在逐条提出申请的核心内容前缺少统领性的句子来承上启下，因此可添加“我认为自己适合这份工作”。接下来陈述要点时可采用一些过渡词如what's more, above all等来组织要点的顺序。申请信的最后应表达自己的期望。
Dear_Sir/Madam，
I'm_Li_Hua,_a_student_of_Senior_Three_from_Xinhua_High_School.
I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_volunteer_in_the_students'_exchange_program_during_the_coming_vacation._I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_job.I'm_kind,_friendly_and_easy­going,_which_enables_me_to_get_along_well_with_my_classmates._What's_more,_I_am_so_good_at_English_that_I_can_communicate_with_foreign_students_easily._Above_all,_Chinese_culture_is_what_I'm_interested_in._Not_only_can_I_teach_foreign_students_Chinese_calligraphy_but_also_teach_them_how_to_celebrate_traditional_Chinese_festivals._I'm_sure_they_will_benefit_a_lot.
Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua



理清句间结构之(二)　并列

所谓并列式结构就是句子之间是以平行的关系构成。段中几句话分别叙述几件事、几种情况、或分别论述某一事物的几个方面。常见的并列连词有：firstly, and, or, moreover, what's more, also, neither ...nor ..., either ...or ...等。利用这种并列结构可快速理解段落大意并准确解题。
[高考典例1]　2014·江苏卷·完形填空
He withdrew from many school activities 40(because) he didn't have the time or the __41__. He had only one good suit.
41．A.permits　　　　　 B．interest
C．talent D．clothes
41题所在的句子和它后面的句子为并列关系；通过He had only one good suit“他只有一件好衣服”可知，他之所以退出许多学校活动是因为他没有时间或衣服(clothes)。
[高考典例2]　2013·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读七选五
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. __73(G)__ One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. __74__ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority. __75(A)__
A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C．Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
D．However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
F．In the theory of business management organization has two main aspects.
G．Planning in business management has three main aspects.
根据本段中的关键词One (基数词)，The third (序数词)可知，空处位于中间，应该是第二条，与E项中的“The second aspect ...”相呼应，故74题选E项。
[高考典例3]　2014·湖南卷·完形填空
But ironing shirts was not 39(easy) work. It didn't make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn't a 40(smooth) operation like ice­skating. Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stop sign every 10 feet. Moreover, an iron produced steam and it carried an element of 41(danger). If you touched the wrong part of it, you'd get burnt. If you forgot to turn it off when you 42(went_away),_you might burn down the house.
Moreover为标志词，前面部分说明了“熨烫衣服”像开车；后面部分说明“熨烫衣服”的过程中可能出现的危险。这两个并列的部分都是为了说明该段中的第一句，即主题句。
[高考典例4]　2018·全国卷Ⅲ·C篇
“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，” he said.

[高考典例5]　2014·广东卷·C篇
I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.
段中标志词neither连接了前后两个并列成分：自己对于申请志愿者活动的犹豫不决和家人的不支持。