2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第一部分必修1Unit4　Earthquakes




Unit 4　Earthquakes


(对应学生用书第19页)
[单词　拼写应用]
Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记
1．burst 　　　 vi.　爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
2．event n. 事件；大事
3．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产
4．destroy vt. 毁坏；破坏；消灭
5．trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
6．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
7．damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
8．earthquake n. 地震
9．canal n. 运河；水道
10．track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹
11．electricity n. 电；电流；电学
12．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
13．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
14．reporter n. 记者
15．sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
16．headline n. 报刊的大字标题
Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别
1．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；民族的
2．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的；肮脏的
3．suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受→suffering n．苦难；痛苦→sufferer n．患者；受害者
4．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.非常；极其；极端地
5．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的；受损害的
6．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj.有用的
7．shock n．休克；震惊；打击 vt.& vi.( 使)震惊；震动→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
8．rescue n．&vt.援救；营救→rescuer n．救援者
9．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
10．congratulate v．祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
11．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgment n．判断；裁判；判决书
12．express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情；措辞
Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)
2．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulation encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
3．In the crash he was seriously injured．He suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.(injure)
4．He expressed his thanks to us，with a thankful expression on his face.(express)
[拓展联想]
合成名词(n.＋n.)
①bookmark书签　　 ③website网站
②basketball 篮球 ④homework家庭作业

[短语　多维应用]
Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写
1．right_away　　　　　 立刻；马上
2．think_little/nothing_of 以为……没什么了不起
3．at_an_end 结束；终结
4．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5．dig_out 掘出；发现
6．a(great)_number_of 许多；大量的
7．be_proud_of 为……自豪
8．judging_from 从……判断
9．be_trapped_in 陷入
10．be_buried_in 埋头于
Ⅱ.语境应用(选用上述短语的适当形式填空)
1．If you are at home and you smell gas, open the windows and get out of the building right_away．
2．Judging_from what you say in your letter, you don't get along well with your classmates.
3．It's reported that a_great_number_of people were rescued from the ruins.
4．The earthquake happened and the whole town was in_ruins in less than twenty minutes.
5．I must warn you that my patience is almost at_an_end．
6．I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
[拓展联想]
“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达
①be lost in　　　 ③be absorbed in
②be occupied in ④be devoted to
“think＋副词＋of”短语
①think highly of　 重视；看得起
②think well of 重视
③think poorly of 轻视
④think badly of 认为……不好

[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句——会背诵
句式仿写——能应用
1.too...to...太……而不能……
In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
1.我的弟弟年龄太小，不能独自一人去上学。
My brother is too_young_to_go_to_school on his own.
2.It seemed as if ……似乎/好像……
It seemed as if the world was at an end！
2.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。
【导学号：65670019】
It_seemed_as_if everything in my childhood had just happened.
3.everywhere引导让步状语从句
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
3.无论他走到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。
Everywhere_he_went，he received a warm welcome.
4.all...not...表部分否定
All hope was not lost.
4.并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度，因此作为一名老师，我应严格要求他们。
All_students_don't_obey the school rules，so as a teacher，I should be strict with them.


(对应学生用书第20页)
精讲5个考纲单词
burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
[教材原句]　In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
(1)burst in/into　　闯入；突然破门而入
(2)突然哭起来/笑起来
(3)a burst of 一阵……
a burst of laughter 一阵大笑
①Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in.突然门开了，一群孩子突然闯入。
②He burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。
链接写作
听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。
①When they heard this，the whole class burst_into_laughter and my deskmate's face turned red.
②Hearing_this，the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.(分词作状语)
ruin n. [U]毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟
vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟
[经典例句]　It was this mistake that ruined his chances of getting the job.(牛津词典)
正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。
(1)lie/be in ruins　成为废墟
fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin sth./sb. 毁坏某物/某人
ruin one's health/fame/future
毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
①The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，让我们彻夜未眠。
②Drunk driving not only ruined himself(he) but also killed several passers­by.
酒驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人死亡。
链接写作
地震过后，一个曾经那么美好的村庄被毁掉了。
①(普通表达)After the earthquake，a village was_ruined．It was once very attractive.
②(高级表达)After the earthquake，a village which_was_once_very_attractive_was_ruined．(定语从句)
injure vt.损害；伤害
[经典例句]　Believe it or not，what you said just now injured her pride.
信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了她的自尊。
(1)injured adj.　受伤的
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
①But now，because my left foot was injured(injure)in the football game，I cannot go with you as planned.(北京高考)但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，我不能像计划的那样和你一起去。
②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured to the hospital.
在十字路口发生了可怕的交通事故，救护车把伤者火速送到医院。
bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏
[教材原句]　The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
(1)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
(2)埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought　　　　　沉思
①I was looking for my handbag，which was buried under a pile of old newspapers.
我正在找我那被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying(bury)herself in a book.
女孩坐在公园的长凳上，专心读着书。
链接写作
【导学号：65670020】
因为他专心学习，所以没有意识到其他人都早已离开了。
①(普通表达) Because_he_was_buried_in his study，he wasn't aware that all the others had left.(原因状语从句)
②(高级表达) Burying_himself_in his study，he wasn't aware that all the others had left.(现在分词作状语)
③(高级表达) Buried_in his study，he wasn't aware that all the others had left.(过去分词作状语)
judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官
[教材原句]　Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.一组五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。
(1)judge...from/by...　　从……来判断
judge sb.to be 判断某人为……
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
①As the saying goes，“We should never judge a person by his looks.”
常言道，“我们不能以貌取人。”
②According to what he said，we can judge him to_be (be) a clever boy.根据他所说的话，我们可以判断他是一个聪明的男孩。
【导学号：65670021】
③Judging(judge) from the look on her face，she might have failed the exam.
从她脸上的表情判断，她考试可能失败了。
[名师点津]　judging from/by 表示“从……上看，根据……判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
诠释2个核心短语
at an end 结束；终结
[经典例句]　My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.
假期结束了，明天我必须回去上班。
(1)at the end of　　　在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止
in the end 最后；终于
(2)使……结束
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 最终在做某事
①Go straight and you'll find the hospital at the end of the road.
一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。
②By the end of last month，we had_finished(finish) the work.到上个月末，我们已经完成了这项工作。
③At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)．
最初他拒不承认有任何责任，但最终还是道了歉。
a (great) number of 许多；大量的
[经典例句]　I gave away a great number of books to the children there.
我向那儿的孩子捐赠了许多书。

①Now a great number of college graduates are seeking to get a high­paid job.But the number of posts available for them is often not enough.
如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位数量却经常不足。
②There are (be)a great many talented people waiting to be discovered.
众多有才华的人有待于被发现。
③A great deal of money was_donated(donate)to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention.一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。

突破2个高考句型
(教材P26)It seemed as_if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
as if(＝as though)“似乎，好像”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。

①It looks as if it is going to rain.(陈述语气)
看起来似乎要下雨。
②It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had_done(do)it？(虚拟语气)
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？
③A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were(be)the only people in the world.一对年轻夫妇坐在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像世界上只有他们两个人。

(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
该句是表示部分否定的句型，all...not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
(1)英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely等词与not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because not all of them are fit for them.
＝It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because all_of_them_aren't_fit_for them.
并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都能胜任这些工作。
②He told me all pieces of the news，but none of them was very exciting.
他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一件激动人心的。
链接写作
这两道数学题并非都很难。
①Both_of_the_two_math_problems_are_not very difficult.
②Not_both_of_the_two_math_problems are very difficult.

(教材P26)In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。
句型：too...to...太……而不能……
(1)too...to...与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。
cannot be too...再……也不过分
(2)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...表示肯定，意为“过于、太会……”。
①We had intended to take a two­day trip，but we were too busy to afford it.
我们本打算旅游两天，但是太忙了，抽不出时间。
②As far as I'm concerned，you can't be too careful while driving.
就我个人而言，开车时你越细心越好。

[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型————————————
(对应学生用书第23页)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Having gone through two world wars，the castle has fallen into ruin.
2．I received his mother's phone call at ten.Only then did I know that he was badly injured(injure) in an accident the day before yesterday.
3．A large number of soldiers were sent there to_rescue(rescue) those trapped in the building.
4．This frightened(frighten) boy is looking for his mother now who was lost in the disaster.
5．Lily had to take a taxi because the box was too heavy to carry all the way home.
6．We offered our congratulations (congratulate) to you on your passing the 2017 College Entrance Examination.
7．As a matter of fact，it was an extremely (extreme) difficult and dangerous task.
8．On hearing the news that her son had won the game，she burst into laughter(laugh)．
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash has been rushed to the nearby hospital.has→have
2．George is organized, easy­going, hard­working and intelligent.In a word, I can't think too high of him.
【导学号：65670022】
high→highly
3．The whole city was completely destroyed in the sudden flood, leaving everything to the native people.everything→nothing
4．She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun.knows→knew
5．When the children heard the frightened story，they were scared to death.frightened→frightening


(对应学生用书第23页)
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P26课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28，1976，in which thousands of people died and many were injured.Many houses fell down and sand filled the wells 1.________ of water.People were greatly 2.________(shock)．All the electricity in the city was cut off and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The whole city 3.________(destroy) completely and the world seemed 4.________ its end.
The people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150，000 soldiers were sent 5.________(help) the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig out those 6.________ were trapped.They also built 7.________ (shelter) for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.8.________(slow), the city began to come back to life.
It was said that before the quake, strange things had happened in the countryside.The water in the village wells 9.________(rise) and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of 10.________(they)．
【答案】　1.instead　2.shocked　3.was destroyed　4.at　5.to help　6.who　7.shelters　8.Slowly　9.rose　10.them
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。
1．一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。(shake)
2．水管爆裂，电力中断。(burst；cut off)
3．世界似乎到了末日。(It seemed as if...；be at an end)
4．有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪了。(injure；bury)
5．从那时的情况判断，还有些被困群众等待着救援。(judge from；trapped；rescue)
6．并不是没有了希望。(all...not...)
7．很快士兵被派遣到那里营救他们，运来了食品和饮用水；全城又恢复了生机。(rescue；breathe again)
第一步　练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。
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第二步　练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。
One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off.It seemed as if the world was in an end.Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing.Judged from the situation, there was a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.But all hope was not lost, because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away.
Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck.Slow, the city began to breathe again.
【答案】　One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes and the electricity cut off.It seemed as if the world was an end.Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing. from the situation, there a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.But all hope was not lost, because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away.
Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck.， the city began to breathe again.