2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题五Book8Unit5Meetingyourancestors

1．The work fills in a gap which has hitherto (迄今) existed in our archaeological literature.

这部著作填补了我国考古学文献中的一个空白。

2．As far as I'm concerned, you should do more reading to broaden your horizon. Only in this way can you enjoy a better life.

我认为，为了开阔视野，你应该多读书。只有这样，你才能更好地享受生活。

3．As a famous saying goes, “Reading is just like talking with a great many noble men.”

正像一句名言所说，“读书就像与许多高尚的人谈话。”

4．As is known, Chinese Guoxue refers to all excellent traditional Chinese culture, which has been playing an important part in educating people.

众所周知，中国“国学”指的是所有博大精深的中国传统文化，它在教育人们方面一直起着重要作用。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词

(1)starvation (n.) 挨饿；饿死→starve (vi.) 挨饿；饿死

(2)accuracy (n.) 精确；准确→accurate (adj.) 准确的；精确的

(3)interrupt (vt.& vi.) 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止

(4)assume (vt.) 假定；设想→assumption (n.) 假定

(5)sharpen (vi.& vt.) (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp (adj.) 锋利的；尖锐的→sharpener (n.) 磨具；削具

(6)messy (adj.) 凌乱的；脏的→mess (n.) 凌乱，脏乱

(7)analysis (n.) 分析→analyse (vt.) 分析

(8)significance (n.) 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant (adj.) 重要的

(9)arrest (vt.) 逮捕；吸引 (n.) 逮捕；拘留→arresting (adj.) 引人注意的；很有吸引力的

(10)skilful (adj.) 有技巧的；熟练的→skill (n.) 技能；技巧；技艺→skilled (adj.) 有技能的；熟练的

Ⅱ　阅读单词

(1)alternative (n.) 可能的选择 (adj.) 供选择的；其他的

(2)acute (adj.) 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的

(3)ripen (vi.& vt.) 使……成熟；成熟

(4)somehow (adv.) 以……方式；不知怎么地

(5)spit (vt.) 吐出(唾液、食物等) (vi.) 吐痰

(6)delete (vt.) 删；删除

(7)division (n.) 分割；划分；分配；分界线

(8)applaud (vi.& vt.) 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏

(9)accelerate (vi.& vt.) 加速；促进

(10)dizzy (adj.) 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的

　[单句语法填空]

1．For a very long time, people have always been trying to find out the ________ (significant) of life.

答案：significance

2．It was first ________ (assume) that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a mistake.

答案：assumed

3．You must measure the length carefully in order to get the ________ (accuracy) number.

答案：accurate

4．Twenty million people will face ________ (starve) unless a vast emergency aid programme is started.

答案：starvation

5．The room looks very ________ (mess), so you'd better clean it.

答案：messy

6．Our teacher reminded us to pay attention to the scientist's ________ (analyse)．

答案：analysis

7．To be a ________ (skill) worker, you need a lot of practice.

答案：skilful/skilled

8．The man got ________ (arrest) for careless driving.

答案：arrested

9．I am not accustomed to ________ (interrupt) when studying or working, so please leave me alone.

答案：being interrupted

10．Though the knife isn't ________ (sharpen), you shouldn't leave it with the child.

答案：sharp

联想积累

1．复习－cy后缀高频名词

①accuracy 准确性

②emergency 紧急情况

③frequency 频率

④tendency 趋势

⑤agency 代理机构

⑥currency 货币；通货

⑦efficiency 效率；功效

2．“情感态度”族群

①relief 消除，减轻；缓和

②relieve 减轻；缓和；消除

③relax 放松

④relaxed 放松的

⑤mood 心情

⑥hesitate 犹豫

⑦exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的

⑧guilty 有罪的；犯了错误的

⑨calm 平静的；使平静

⑩envy 羡慕；忌妒

⑪jealous 妒忌的；吃醋的

⑫sympathy 同情

⑬take it easy 不要紧张

1．be aware that ...   知道/意识到……

2．regardless_of  不管；不顾

3．keep_out  关在门外；不准入内

4．be used for ...   被用于……

5．at_most  至多；最多

6．be made of ...   由……制成

7．cut up   切碎

8．fed up with  受够了；饱受；厌烦

9．look ahead   向前看；为将来打算

10．date back (to ...)  追溯到；始于

　[选词填空]

1．People are ________ all these traffic jams.

答案：fed up with

2．My interest in stamp collecting ________ my school days.

答案：dates back to

3．________ what it costs, we must take every measure to save the old man's life.

答案：Regardless of

4．A new engine would cost, ________， two thousand dollars.

答案：at most

5．We must learn the lessons and ________， not backwards.

答案：look ahead

6．However, ________ it is not completely accepted by all people.

答案：be aware that

联想积累

1．无被动语态的动词短语聚焦

①date from/date back to 追溯到，始于

②consist of    由……组成

③take place    发生

④belong to    属于

⑤come true    变成现实

⑥break out    爆发

2．“厌烦，讨厌”一族速记

①be tired of 厌烦；对……感到厌倦

②be bored with 厌烦的；不感兴趣的

③be sick of 厌恶；厌倦

④disgust 使厌恶/反感

⑤annoying 讨厌的；恼人的

⑥troublesome 烦人的

答案：1.you must have gained more knowledge　2.If only I had gone

直击重点 突破考点

①　alternative　adj. 供选择的；其他的　n. 可能的选择(P37)

(1)单句语法填空

①We have no alternative but ________ (go) on.

②Come with us; ________ (alternative), meet us there.

答案：①to go　②alternatively

(2)单句写作

①We ____________________ to protect our environment.

我们别无他法，只有节约能源才能保护环境。

②We should ________________________， such as solar and wind power.

我们应该更好地利用可代替能源，比如太阳能和风能。

答案：①have no alternative/choice but to save energy

②make better use of alternative energy

(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事

have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择

  there's no alternative ...     ……别无选择

(2)alternatively adv.    可供选择地；或者

②　interrupt　vt.& vi. 打断……讲话；暂时中断或中止；打岔(P38)

(1)单句语法填空

①It was the second time that someone ________ (interrupt) me that evening.

②Let's go somewhere where we can talk without ________ (interrupt)．

答案：①had interrupted　②interruption/being interrupted

(2)单句写作

It is bad manners ________________ when they are talking.

打断别人的谈话是非常不礼貌的。

答案：to interrupt others

(1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)    (因某事)打断某人/某事

  be interrupted by    被……打断

(2)interruption n.    打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物

without interruption    连续地；不断地

③　significance　n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义(P40)

(1)单句语法填空

①From the story, I am firmly convinced of the ________ (significant) of honesty.

②The Internet is a wonderful discovery and is ________ great significance to people's lives.

答案：①significance　②of

(2)单句写作

①The discovery of the new drug ____________________ to people suffering from heart problems.

这种新药的发现对心脏病患者来说具有重要意义。

②Nowadays the government __________________ education.

现在，政府非常重视教育。

答案：①is of great significance　②attaches great significance/importance to

(1)be of (great) significance 有(很大)意义/帮助

be of no significance 无意义/不重要

be of little significance 不太重要

attach (great) significance/importance to 认为……(非常)有意义/重要

(2)significant adj. 重要的；显著的

be of significance＝be significant

It is significant that ...  很明显……

(3)常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：

①be of importance＝be important

②be of value＝be valuable

③be of help＝be helpful

④be of use＝be useful

④　somehow　adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地(P40)

单句写作

①I have no chance of winning the competition, but I'm going to enter ________. Nothing is more important than participation.

我赢得比赛的机会渺茫，但是我还是打算参加。重在参与。

②It won't be easy, but we'll create a robot ________.

制作机器人不是件容易的事，但我们总会有办法的。

③The resort has changed ________ over the last few years.

近几年来，这个旅游胜地有了些变化。

答案：①anyhow/anyway　②somehow　③somewhat

①　regardless of 不管；不顾(P38)

单句语法填空

①________ (regard) of what happened yesterday and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where we are.

②With regard ________ reading, there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes.

③I regard John ________ my best friend.

答案：①Regardless　②to　③as

in spite of＝despite 尽管；不顾

regard ... as ... 把……当作/看作……

as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 关于；至于

②　date back to (＝date from) 追溯到；始于(P44)

(1)单句语法填空

①According to the expert, the vase has a history ________ (date) from/back to the Tang Dynasty.

②I am very up ________ date on this sort of thing because I listen to the news.

答案：①dating　②to

(2)单句写作

①This tradition of performing the Dragon Lantern dance ________________ ancient times in China.

舞龙灯的传统可以追溯到中国古代。

②We work hard to keep our database ____________ to satisfy the users' needs.

我们花了很大力气不断更新数据库，以满足用户的需要。

答案：①dates back to/from　②up to date

date back to＝date from 追溯到；始于

out of date 过时的

up to date 时髦的；最新的

have a date with sb. 与某人有约会

①　[教材原句]We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick ... (P38)

我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚……

(1)单句语法填空

①Where have you been? We have been ________ (look) for you everywhere.

②All these years they have been ________ (write) articles for our magazine.

答案：①looking　②writing

(2)单句写作

Peter went to the library after breakfast and ________________ books there ever since.

彼得早饭后去了图书馆，自从那时起就一直在那里读书。

答案：has been reading

have been doing 为现在完成进行时。表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能延续到将来。

②　[教材原句]Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(P39)

很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大的浅水湖。

(1)单句语法填空

①________ is known to all, China is a developing country with a long history.

②The number of senior high school students is increasing, ________ is mentioned above.

答案：①As　②as

(2)单句写作

①“You can't judge a book by its cover”， __________________.

正如古语所说：“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。”

②______________ in today's newspaper, we must improve our style of work.

正如今天的报纸上所宣布的那样，我们必须改进工作作风。

答案：①as the old saying goes　②As is announced

(1)句中as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如；正像”。

as 常用于下列句式中：as  often happens; as I remember; as is often the case; as is known to us; as we all know等。

(2)such/so ... as ... “像……这样……”用来引导限制性定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。

(3)the same ... that ... 表同一人或物，而the same ... as ... 表同种类的东西。

课文回练 升华运用

A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. __1__ archaeologist is showing them round. The archaeologists have been excavating here for many years.

After __2__ (find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects, they think it is __3__ (reason) to assume some of the earliest people lived in these caves, regardless __4__ the cold. They also discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves __5__ they made fires. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.

Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes __6__ (make) from animal  skins. They even used sharpened stone tools __7__ (cut) up animals and remove their skin. The archaeologist also __8__ (show)  the students a primitive necklace preserved quite well. Indeed, as the botanical analyses have __9__ (special) shown us,  all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on __10__ (they) journeys.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

答案：1.An　2.finding　3.reasonable　4.of　5.where　6.made　7.to cut　8.shows　9.specially　10.their

基础达标 自主训练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．They ________ (interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.

答案：were interrupted　表示过去发生的动作，且主语they与interrupt之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were interrupted。

2．We have no alternative but ________ (sell) our house to pay the debt.

答案：to sell　have no alternative but to do ... “除……之外别无选择，只能做……”。

3．It is generally ________ (assume) that stress is caused by too much work.

答案：assumed　It is assumed that ... “普遍认为……”。

4．We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great ________ (significant) to both our society and ourselves.

答案：significance　of great significance＝very significant “意义重大/非常重要”。

5．Once ________ (arrest), he was likely to betray everyone to the police.

答案：arrested　arrest与其逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，故用过去分词在句中作状语。

6．If only I ________ (look) ahead a few days ago! Then I wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.

答案：had looked　由语境和句子结构可判断if only后应用虚拟语气；由时间状语a few days ago 可知表示与过去的事实相反，故应填had looked。look ahead “向前看；为将来打算”。

7．This is a historic building ________ (date) back to the 17th century.

答案：dating　date back to＝date from表示“追溯到……”，无进行时，无被动语态，句中已有谓语动词is，所以应用非谓语形式，故填现在分词dating作后置定语。

8．I am fed up ________ this weather; it's time we had some sunshine.

答案：with　be fed up with “受够了；厌烦……”。

9．Sometimes we went ahead and did it, regardless ________ the consequences.

答案：of　regardless of “不管；不顾”。

10．While working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the ________ (accurate)．

答案：accuracy　由空格前的冠词the可知，此处填名词形式。

Ⅱ.单句写作

1．________________ (众所周知), Chinese characters play an important role in passing on Chinese language and culture.

答案：As is known

2．China ________________ (一定已经做了) something supremely right to produce the economic miracle we observe.

答案：must have done

3．As a volunteer, ______________ that the more we help others, the happier we are.

作为志愿者，我清楚地知道我们越多地帮助别人，我们越幸福。

答案：I am well aware

4．___________________________________________________________

不论学历或年龄如何，任何人都可以从事志愿者活动。(regardless of)

答案：Anyone can do voluntary work, regardless of their education or age.

5．_________________________________________________________

他们匆忙赶到机场，不料却被告知航班推迟了。

答案：They hurried to the airport only to be told that the flight was put off.

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2020·湖北省孝感市第一中学高三月考)Eating soil can produce more effective results __1__ (compare) to eating slimming pills, claimed researchers from an Australian university. China Press __2__ (report) that researchers from the University of South Australia were looking for a way to improve the body's absorption towards medication to prevent mental illness.

They __3__ (accident) found out that soil does not only attract fat, it could also stop fat from being absorbed into the body and round __4__ digestive system. Meanwhile, other researchers carried out an experiment by __5__ (separate) mice into two groups—one group __6__ (give) slimming pills and the other group with soil.

After two weeks, the weight of the mice __7__ ate soil decreased obviously. This was the basis for claims that eating soil might make it __8__ (easy) for the body to excrete (排泄) fat than taking slimming pills.

However, they __9__ (test) to see if eating soil is safe for the body __10__ if it could cause any side effects in the past few months.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

9．________　10.________

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍吃土的减肥效果可能比吃减肥药的效果好，并介绍了得出该结论的过程。

1．compared　考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚的一个研究团队声称，吃土可能比吃减肥药的效果还好。分析句子可知，“compare”与“eating soil”属于逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式compared。

2．reported　考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，与其主语“China Press”为主谓关系，陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时reported。

3．accidentally　考查词性转换。修饰动词“find”用副词，故用accidentally。

4．the　考查冠词。消化系统为特指，故用定冠词the。

5．separating　考查非谓语动词。“by”为介词后接动词－ing形式，故用separating。

6．was/were given　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，“give”与“group”为动宾关系，“group”既可以作单数，故用was given；也可以表示一组老鼠，故也可用复数形式were given。

7．which/that　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，“ate soil”作限制性定语从句修饰先行词“mice”，从句缺主语，故用关系代词which或者that。

8．easier　考查形容词比较级。本句为结构make it＋形容词， 根据后文的“than”可知，本句为比较级结构，故用比较级形式easier。

9．have been testing　考查动词的时态。分析本句的“in the past few months”可知，研究人员过去几个月都在做的事情，且“test”与其主语“they”为主谓关系，故用现在完成进行时have been testing。

10．or　考查连词。分析句子可知，前后句为选择关系，故用连词or。

Ⅳ.短文改错

(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)

Dear Jack，

I'm glad to learn that you are interesting in the students' reading in your school. We have a grand library on a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in that we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is freely to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is holding for students exchange their ideas about reading.  Every autumn we had a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished writer are invited.

In  the library,  books on history are my favorites,  from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and a progress both in China and abroad.

Best wishes!

Yours，

Li Hua

答案：

Dear Jack，

I'm glad to learn that you are  in the students' reading in  school. We have a grand library  a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in  we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is  to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is  for students exchange their ideas about reading.  Every autumn we  a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished  are invited.

In  the library,  books on history are my favorites,  from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and  progress both in China and abroad.

Best wishes!

Yours，

Li Hua

难项分析：

第六处：holding→held　考查动词的语态。A monthly activity “每月的活动”是“被举行”的，故要用动词hold的被动语态，故要用held。

第八处：had→have　考查动词的时态。“Every autumn (每个夏天)”作本句的时间状语，表示现在经常发生的动作，谓语部分要用一般现在时。

第十处：去掉a　考查冠词。progress意为“进步”，为不可数名词，故其前不能用不定冠词。