2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题五Book8Unit5Meetingyourancestors

 1．The work fills in a gap which has hitherto (迄今) existed in our archaeological literature.这部著作填补了我国考古学文献中的一个空白。2．As far as I'm concerned, you should do more reading to broaden your horizon. Only in this way can you enjoy a better life.我认为，为了开阔视野，你应该多读书。只有这样，你才能更好地享受生活。3．As a famous saying goes, “Reading is just like talking with a great many noble men.”正像一句名言所说，“读书就像与许多高尚的人谈话。”4．As is known, Chinese Guoxue refers to all excellent traditional Chinese culture, which has been playing an important part in educating people.众所周知，中国“国学”指的是所有博大精深的中国传统文化，它在教育人们方面一直起着重要作用。 自主排查 夯基固本Ⅰ　核心单词(1)starvation (n.) 挨饿；饿死→starve (vi.) 挨饿；饿死(2)accuracy (n.) 精确；准确→accurate (adj.) 准确的；精确的(3)interrupt (vt.& vi.) 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止(4)assume (vt.) 假定；设想→assumption (n.) 假定(5)sharpen (vi.& vt.) (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharp (adj.) 锋利的；尖锐的→sharpener (n.) 磨具；削具(6)messy (adj.) 凌乱的；脏的→mess (n.) 凌乱，脏乱(7)analysis (n.) 分析→analyse (vt.) 分析(8)significance (n.) 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant (adj.) 重要的(9)arrest (vt.) 逮捕；吸引 (n.) 逮捕；拘留→arresting (adj.) 引人注意的；很有吸引力的(10)skilful (adj.) 有技巧的；熟练的→skill (n.) 技能；技巧；技艺→skilled (adj.) 有技能的；熟练的Ⅱ　阅读单词(1)alternative (n.) 可能的选择 (adj.) 供选择的；其他的(2)acute (adj.) 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的(3)ripen (vi.& vt.) 使……成熟；成熟(4)somehow (adv.) 以……方式；不知怎么地(5)spit (vt.) 吐出(唾液、食物等) (vi.) 吐痰(6)delete (vt.) 删；删除(7)division (n.) 分割；划分；分配；分界线(8)applaud (vi.& vt.) 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏(9)accelerate (vi.& vt.) 加速；促进(10)dizzy (adj.) 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的　[单句语法填空]1．For a very long time, people have always been trying to find out the ________ (significant) of life.答案：significance2．It was first ________ (assume) that he was the murderer, but later it turned out to be a mistake.答案：assumed3．You must measure the length carefully in order to get the ________ (accuracy) number.答案：accurate4．Twenty million people will face ________ (starve) unless a vast emergency aid programme is started.答案：starvation5．The room looks very ________ (mess), so you'd better clean it.答案：messy6．Our teacher reminded us to pay attention to the scientist's ________ (analyse)．答案：analysis7．To be a ________ (skill) worker, you need a lot of practice.答案：skilful/skilled8．The man got ________ (arrest) for careless driving.答案：arrested9．I am not accustomed to ________ (interrupt) when studying or working, so please leave me alone.答案：being interrupted10．Though the knife isn't ________ (sharpen), you shouldn't leave it with the child.答案：sharp 联想积累1．复习－cy后缀高频名词①accuracy 准确性②emergency 紧急情况③frequency 频率④tendency 趋势⑤agency 代理机构⑥currency 货币；通货⑦efficiency 效率；功效2．“情感态度”族群①relief 消除，减轻；缓和②relieve 减轻；缓和；消除③relax 放松④relaxed 放松的⑤mood 心情⑥hesitate 犹豫⑦exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的⑧guilty 有罪的；犯了错误的⑨calm 平静的；使平静⑩envy 羡慕；忌妒⑪jealous 妒忌的；吃醋的⑫sympathy 同情⑬take it easy 不要紧张　1．be aware that ...   知道/意识到……2．regardless_of  不管；不顾3．keep_out  关在门外；不准入内4．be used for ...   被用于……5．at_most  至多；最多6．be made of ...   由……制成7．cut up   切碎8．fed up with  受够了；饱受；厌烦9．look ahead   向前看；为将来打算10．date back (to ...)  追溯到；始于　[选词填空]date back to， look ahead， be aware that， fed up with， at most， regardless of1．People are ________ all these traffic jams.答案：fed up with2．My interest in stamp collecting ________ my school days.答案：dates back to3．________ what it costs, we must take every measure to save the old man's life.答案：Regardless of4．A new engine would cost, ________， two thousand dollars.答案：at most5．We must learn the lessons and ________， not backwards.答案：look ahead6．However, ________ it is not completely accepted by all people.答案：be aware that 联想积累1．无被动语态的动词短语聚焦①date from/date back to 追溯到，始于②consist of    由……组成③take place    发生④belong to    属于⑤come true    变成现实⑥break out    爆发2．“厌烦，讨厌”一族速记①be tired of 厌烦；对……感到厌倦②be bored with 厌烦的；不感兴趣的③be sick of 厌恶；厌倦④disgust 使厌恶/反感⑤annoying 讨厌的；恼人的⑥troublesome 烦人的 课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.It must have been very uncomfortable.肯定非常不舒服。“情态动词＋have done”的句型：must have done “一定做过”；should have done “本来应该做(实际上未做)”；shouldn't have done “本来不应该做”；needn't have done “本来没必要做”；could have done “本来可以做”；couldn't have done “不可能做过”。Through this tra­veling, __________________________ and broadened your horizon. 通过这次游历，你们一定获取了更多知识，扩大了视野。2.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！If only ... “要是……就好了”。后面接从句，从句用虚拟语气。即：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had done；表示对将来事情的愿望，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。____________________ with you to have the study tour last summer, traveling along the route of the  Belt and Road.要是去年暑假我和你们一起沿“一带一路”线路去游学就好了。 答案：1.you must have gained more knowledge　2.If only I had gone 直击重点 突破考点①　alternative　adj. 供选择的；其他的　n. 可能的选择(P37)(1)单句语法填空①We have no alternative but ________ (go) on.②Come with us; ________ (alternative), meet us there.答案：①to go　②alternatively(2)单句写作①We ____________________ to protect our environment.我们别无他法，只有节约能源才能保护环境。②We should ________________________， such as solar and wind power.我们应该更好地利用可代替能源，比如太阳能和风能。答案：①have no alternative/choice but to save energy②make better use of alternative energy(1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择  there's no alternative ...     ……别无选择(2)alternatively adv.    可供选择地；或者 ②　interrupt　vt.& vi. 打断……讲话；暂时中断或中止；打岔(P38)(1)单句语法填空①It was the second time that someone ________ (interrupt) me that evening.②Let's go somewhere where we can talk without ________ (interrupt)．答案：①had interrupted　②interruption/being interrupted(2)单句写作It is bad manners ________________ when they are talking.打断别人的谈话是非常不礼貌的。答案：to interrupt others(1)interrupt sb./sth. (with sth.)    (因某事)打断某人/某事  be interrupted by    被……打断(2)interruption n.    打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物without interruption    连续地；不断地 ③　significance　n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义(P40)(1)单句语法填空①From the story, I am firmly convinced of the ________ (significant) of honesty.②The Internet is a wonderful discovery and is ________ great significance to people's lives.答案：①significance　②of(2)单句写作①The discovery of the new drug ____________________ to people suffering from heart problems.这种新药的发现对心脏病患者来说具有重要意义。②Nowadays the government __________________ education.现在，政府非常重视教育。答案：①is of great significance　②attaches great significance/importance to(1)be of (great) significance 有(很大)意义/帮助be of no significance 无意义/不重要be of little significance 不太重要attach (great) significance/importance to 认为……(非常)有意义/重要(2)significant adj. 重要的；显著的be of significance＝be significantIt is significant that ...  很明显……(3)常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：①be of importance＝be important②be of value＝be valuable③be of help＝be helpful④be of use＝be useful ④　somehow　adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地(P40)单句写作①I have no chance of winning the competition, but I'm going to enter ________. Nothing is more important than participation. 我赢得比赛的机会渺茫，但是我还是打算参加。重在参与。②It won't be easy, but we'll create a robot ________.制作机器人不是件容易的事，但我们总会有办法的。③The resort has changed ________ over the last few years.近几年来，这个旅游胜地有了些变化。答案：①anyhow/anyway　②somehow　③somewhatanyhow＝anyway，意为“尽管如此”somehow意为“以某种方式”或“由于某种不明原因；不知怎么地”somewhat意为“有点；稍微” ①　regardless of 不管；不顾(P38)单句语法填空①________ (regard) of what happened yesterday and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where we are.②With regard ________ reading, there is a saying that there are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes.③I regard John ________ my best friend.答案：①Regardless　②to　③asin spite of＝despite 尽管；不顾regard ... as ... 把……当作/看作……as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 关于；至于 ②　date back to (＝date from) 追溯到；始于(P44)(1)单句语法填空①According to the expert, the vase has a history ________ (date) from/back to the Tang Dynasty.②I am very up ________ date on this sort of thing because I listen to the news.答案：①dating　②to(2)单句写作①This tradition of performing the Dragon Lantern dance ________________ ancient times in China.舞龙灯的传统可以追溯到中国古代。②We work hard to keep our database ____________ to satisfy the users' needs.我们花了很大力气不断更新数据库，以满足用户的需要。答案：①dates back to/from　②up to datedate back to＝date from 追溯到；始于out of date 过时的up to date 时髦的；最新的have a date with sb. 与某人有约会
①　[教材原句]We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick ... (P38)我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚……(1)单句语法填空①Where have you been? We have been ________ (look) for you everywhere.②All these years they have been ________ (write) articles for our magazine.答案：①looking　②writing(2)单句写作Peter went to the library after breakfast and ________________ books there ever since.彼得早饭后去了图书馆，自从那时起就一直在那里读书。答案：has been readinghave been doing 为现在完成进行时。表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚刚终止，也可能延续到将来。 ②　[教材原句]Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(P39)很对。正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾是一个很大的浅水湖。(1)单句语法填空①________ is known to all, China is a developing country with a long history.②The number of senior high school students is increasing, ________ is mentioned above.答案：①As　②as(2)单句写作①“You can't judge a book by its cover”， __________________.正如古语所说：“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。”②______________ in today's newspaper, we must improve our style of work.正如今天的报纸上所宣布的那样，我们必须改进工作作风。答案：①as the old saying goes　②As is announced(1)句中as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如；正像”。as 常用于下列句式中：as  often happens; as I remember; as is often the case; as is known to us; as we all know等。(2)such/so ... as ... “像……这样……”用来引导限制性定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。(3)the same ... that ... 表同一人或物，而the same ... as ... 表同种类的东西。 课文回练 升华运用A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. __1__ archaeologist is showing them round. The archaeologists have been excavating here for many years.After __2__ (find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects, they think it is __3__ (reason) to assume some of the earliest people lived in these caves, regardless __4__ the cold. They also discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves __5__ they made fires. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes __6__ (make) from animal  skins. They even used sharpened stone tools __7__ (cut) up animals and remove their skin. The archaeologist also __8__ (show)  the students a primitive necklace preserved quite well. Indeed, as the botanical analyses have __9__ (special) shown us,  all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on __10__ (they) journeys.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________答案：1.An　2.finding　3.reasonable　4.of　5.where　6.made　7.to cut　8.shows　9.specially　10.their 基础达标 自主训练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．They ________ (interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.答案：were interrupted　表示过去发生的动作，且主语they与interrupt之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were interrupted。2．We have no alternative but ________ (sell) our house to pay the debt.答案：to sell　have no alternative but to do ... “除……之外别无选择，只能做……”。3．It is generally ________ (assume) that stress is caused by too much work.答案：assumed　It is assumed that ... “普遍认为……”。4．We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great ________ (significant) to both our society and ourselves.答案：significance　of great significance＝very significant “意义重大/非常重要”。5．Once ________ (arrest), he was likely to betray everyone to the police.答案：arrested　arrest与其逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，故用过去分词在句中作状语。6．If only I ________ (look) ahead a few days ago! Then I wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.答案：had looked　由语境和句子结构可判断if only后应用虚拟语气；由时间状语a few days ago 可知表示与过去的事实相反，故应填had looked。look ahead “向前看；为将来打算”。7．This is a historic building ________ (date) back to the 17th century.答案：dating　date back to＝date from表示“追溯到……”，无进行时，无被动语态，句中已有谓语动词is，所以应用非谓语形式，故填现在分词dating作后置定语。8．I am fed up ________ this weather; it's time we had some sunshine.答案：with　be fed up with “受够了；厌烦……”。9．Sometimes we went ahead and did it, regardless ________ the consequences.答案：of　regardless of “不管；不顾”。10．While working out the problem, you should pay more attention to the ________ (accurate)．答案：accuracy　由空格前的冠词the可知，此处填名词形式。Ⅱ.单句写作1．________________ (众所周知), Chinese characters play an important role in passing on Chinese language and culture.答案：As is known2．China ________________ (一定已经做了) something supremely right to produce the economic miracle we observe. 答案：must have done3．As a volunteer, ______________ that the more we help others, the happier we are.作为志愿者，我清楚地知道我们越多地帮助别人，我们越幸福。答案：I am well aware4．___________________________________________________________不论学历或年龄如何，任何人都可以从事志愿者活动。(regardless of)答案：Anyone can do voluntary work, regardless of their education or age.5．_________________________________________________________他们匆忙赶到机场，不料却被告知航班推迟了。答案：They hurried to the airport only to be told that the flight was put off.Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·湖北省孝感市第一中学高三月考)Eating soil can produce more effective results __1__ (compare) to eating slimming pills, claimed researchers from an Australian university. China Press __2__ (report) that researchers from the University of South Australia were looking for a way to improve the body's absorption towards medication to prevent mental illness.They __3__ (accident) found out that soil does not only attract fat, it could also stop fat from being absorbed into the body and round __4__ digestive system. Meanwhile, other researchers carried out an experiment by __5__ (separate) mice into two groups—one group __6__ (give) slimming pills and the other group with soil.After two weeks, the weight of the mice __7__ ate soil decreased obviously. This was the basis for claims that eating soil might make it __8__ (easy) for the body to excrete (排泄) fat than taking slimming pills.However, they __9__ (test) to see if eating soil is safe for the body __10__ if it could cause any side effects in the past few months.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍吃土的减肥效果可能比吃减肥药的效果好，并介绍了得出该结论的过程。1．compared　考查非谓语动词。句意：澳大利亚的一个研究团队声称，吃土可能比吃减肥药的效果还好。分析句子可知，“compare”与“eating soil”属于逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式compared。2．reported　考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，与其主语“China Press”为主谓关系，陈述过去的事情，故用一般过去时reported。3．accidentally　考查词性转换。修饰动词“find”用副词，故用accidentally。4．the　考查冠词。消化系统为特指，故用定冠词the。5．separating　考查非谓语动词。“by”为介词后接动词－ing形式，故用separating。6．was/were given　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，“give”与“group”为动宾关系，“group”既可以作单数，故用was given；也可以表示一组老鼠，故也可用复数形式were given。7．which/that　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子可知，“ate soil”作限制性定语从句修饰先行词“mice”，从句缺主语，故用关系代词which或者that。8．easier　考查形容词比较级。本句为结构make it＋形容词， 根据后文的“than”可知，本句为比较级结构，故用比较级形式easier。9．have been testing　考查动词的时态。分析本句的“in the past few months”可知，研究人员过去几个月都在做的事情，且“test”与其主语“they”为主谓关系，故用现在完成进行时have been testing。10．or　考查连词。分析句子可知，前后句为选择关系，故用连词or。Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)Dear Jack，I'm glad to learn that you are interesting in the students' reading in your school. We have a grand library on a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in that we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is freely to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is holding for students exchange their ideas about reading.  Every autumn we had a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished writer are invited.In  the library,  books on history are my favorites,  from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and a progress both in China and abroad.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear Jack，I'm glad to learn that you are  in the students' reading in  school. We have a grand library  a collection of 200,000 books and 5 large reading rooms, in  we have easy access to the network. Anyone fond of reading is  to go there whenever they are available. A monthly activity is  for students exchange their ideas about reading.  Every autumn we  a reading festival where drama performances are shown and distinguished  are invited.In  the library,  books on history are my favorites,  from which I get a better understanding of human civilization and  progress both in China and abroad.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua难项分析：第六处：holding→held　考查动词的语态。A monthly activity “每月的活动”是“被举行”的，故要用动词hold的被动语态，故要用held。第八处：had→have　考查动词的时态。“Every autumn (每个夏天)”作本句的时间状语，表示现在经常发生的动作，谓语部分要用一般现在时。第十处：去掉a　考查冠词。progress意为“进步”，为不可数名词，故其前不能用不定冠词。